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  1. Article: Editorial: Rising stars in visual neuroscience: 2022.

    Meier, Kimberly / Chang, Dorita H F / Reynaud, Alexandre / Kelly, Krista R

    Frontiers in neuroscience

    2024  Volume 18, Page(s) 1418533

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2411902-7
    ISSN 1662-453X ; 1662-4548
    ISSN (online) 1662-453X
    ISSN 1662-4548
    DOI 10.3389/fnins.2024.1418533
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  2. Article ; Online: Amblyopia and the whole child.

    Birch, Eileen E / Kelly, Krista R

    Progress in retinal and eye research

    2023  Volume 93, Page(s) 101168

    Abstract: Amblyopia is a disorder of neurodevelopment that occurs when there is discordant binocular visual experience during the first years of life. While treatments are effective in improving visual acuity, there are significant individual differences in ... ...

    Abstract Amblyopia is a disorder of neurodevelopment that occurs when there is discordant binocular visual experience during the first years of life. While treatments are effective in improving visual acuity, there are significant individual differences in response to treatment that cannot be attributed solely to difference in adherence. In this considerable variability in response to treatment, we argue that treatment outcomes might be optimized by utilizing deep phenotyping of amblyopic deficits to guide alternative treatment choices. In addition, an understanding of the broader knock-on effects of amblyopia on developing visually-guided skills, self-perception, and quality of life will facilitate a whole person healthcare approach to amblyopia.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Amblyopia/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Vision, Binocular/physiology ; Visual Acuity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1182683-6
    ISSN 1873-1635 ; 1350-9462
    ISSN (online) 1873-1635
    ISSN 1350-9462
    DOI 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101168
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  3. Article ; Online: Risk of recurrence after cessation of dichoptic, binocular treatment of amblyopia.

    Jost, Reed M / Kelly, Krista R / Birch, Eileen E

    Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 5, Page(s) 298–300

    Abstract: Contrast-rebalanced dichoptic games and videos have been shown to be an effective treatment for childhood amblyopia. Whether the visual acuity gains achieved with these binocular treatments are long-lasting has not been determined. In this prospective ... ...

    Abstract Contrast-rebalanced dichoptic games and videos have been shown to be an effective treatment for childhood amblyopia. Whether the visual acuity gains achieved with these binocular treatments are long-lasting has not been determined. In this prospective cohort study of 100 consecutive amblyopic children who improved by ≥0.2 logMAR or obtained ≤0.2 logMAR amblyopic eye visual acuity during a binocular treatment clinical trial, risk of recurrence was 24% (95% CI, 16%-35%) at up to 3 years' follow-up according to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, which accounts for censored, truncated, and missing data. Risk of recurrence was similar among children who required additional treatment for residual amblyopia after 4-8 weeks of dichoptic treatment (n = 62 [19%]; 95% CI, 10%-34%) and those who did not (n = 38 [32%]; 95% CI, 18%-52%; P = 0.12). There was no association between recurrence and age, visual acuity at the end of binocular treatment, stereoacuity, or ocular alignment. In a secondary analysis to compare rates of recurrence with published data, risk of recurrence in the subset of children who had no additional treatment for residual amblyopia (28%) was similar to the reported recurrence after cessation of successful patching and atropine (24%) at 12 months. Children with successful binocular treatment of amblyopia require monitoring for recurrence of amblyopia.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Amblyopia/therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Vision, Binocular ; Computers, Handheld ; Video Games ; Treatment Outcome ; Follow-Up Studies ; Sensory Deprivation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1412476-2
    ISSN 1528-3933 ; 1091-8531
    ISSN (online) 1528-3933
    ISSN 1091-8531
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.06.009
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  4. Article ; Online: Reduced perception-action dissociation in children with amblyopia.

    Ahmad, Zoha / Kelly, Krista R / Freud, Erez

    Neuropsychologia

    2023  Volume 191, Page(s) 108738

    Abstract: The functional distinction between vision-for-perception and vision-for-action is a key aspect of understanding the primate visual system. While this dissociation has been well-established in adulthood, its development and dependence on typical visual ... ...

    Abstract The functional distinction between vision-for-perception and vision-for-action is a key aspect of understanding the primate visual system. While this dissociation has been well-established in adulthood, its development and dependence on typical visual experience remain unclear. To address these questions, we examined two groups of children: typically developed children and those with amblyopia, who presumably have a sub-optimal visual experience. The Ponzo illusion, known to impact perception but not visuomotor behaviors across age groups, was employed to assess the extent of dissociation. Participants engaged in two tasks involving the Ponzo illusion: a grasping task (vision-for-action) and a manual estimation task (vision-for-perception), with objects placed on the "close" and "far" surfaces of the illusion. Typically developed children displayed grasping movements that were unaffected by the illusion, as their grasping apertures were scaled based on object size, independent of its location. In contrast, children with amblyopia exhibited a clear susceptibility to the illusion, showing larger apertures for objects placed on the 'far' surface of the illusion, and smaller apertures for objects placed on the 'close' surface. Interestingly, both groups of children demonstrated similar susceptibility to the illusion during the perceptual task, with objects placed on the far surface being perceived as longer compared to objects placed on the close surface. These findings shed light on the impact of atypical visual development on the emergence of the dissociation between perception and action, highlighting the crucial role of typical visual experience in establishing this distinction.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Illusions ; Amblyopia ; Psychomotor Performance ; Vision, Ocular ; Movement ; Hand Strength ; Visual Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207151-4
    ISSN 1873-3514 ; 0028-3932
    ISSN (online) 1873-3514
    ISSN 0028-3932
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108738
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  5. Article ; Online: Motion-Defined Form Perception in Deprivation Amblyopia.

    Giaschi, Deborah E / Asare, Akosua K / Jost, Reed M / Kelly, Krista R / Birch, Eileen E

    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

    2024  Volume 65, Issue 4, Page(s) 13

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess motion-defined form perception, including the association with clinical and sensory factors that may drive performance, in each eye of children with deprivation amblyopia due to unilateral cataract.: ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess motion-defined form perception, including the association with clinical and sensory factors that may drive performance, in each eye of children with deprivation amblyopia due to unilateral cataract.
    Methods: Coherence thresholds for orientation discrimination of motion-defined form were measured using a staircase procedure in 30 children with deprivation amblyopia and 59 age-matched controls. Visual acuity, stereoacuity, fusion, and interocular suppression were also measured. Fixation stability and fellow-eye global motion thresholds were measured in a subset of children.
    Results: Motion-defined form coherence thresholds were elevated in 90% of children with deprivation amblyopia when viewing with the amblyopic eye and in 40% when viewing with the fellow eye. The deficit was similar in children with a cataract that had been visually significant at birth (congenital) and in children for whom the cataract appeared later in infancy or childhood (developmental). Poorer motion-defined form perception in amblyopic eyes was associated with poorer visual acuity, poorer binocular function, greater interocular suppression, and the presence of nystagmus. Fellow-eye deficits were not associated with any of these factors, but a temporo-nasal asymmetry for global motion perception in favor of nasalward motion suggested a general disruption in motion perception.
    Conclusions: Deficits in motion-defined form perception are common in children with deprivation amblyopia and may reflect a problem in motion processing that relies on binocular mechanisms.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Humans ; Amblyopia ; Motion Perception ; Eye ; Cataract ; Form Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391794-0
    ISSN 1552-5783 ; 0146-0404
    ISSN (online) 1552-5783
    ISSN 0146-0404
    DOI 10.1167/iovs.65.4.13
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  6. Article ; Online: Evaluating the relationship of empathic concern to college students' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Shrestha, Neha R / Deason, Rebecca G / Cordaro, Millie / Howard, Krista / Haskard-Zolnierek, Kelly

    Journal of American college health : J of ACH

    2023  , Page(s) 1–7

    Abstract: Objective: ...

    Abstract Objective:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604907-2
    ISSN 1940-3208 ; 0744-8481
    ISSN (online) 1940-3208
    ISSN 0744-8481
    DOI 10.1080/07448481.2023.2224432
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  7. Article ; Online: Clarifications to Consider Regarding Multiple-Choice Answer Form Completion Time in Children With Amblyopia and Strabismus.

    Kelly, Krista R / Birch, Eileen E

    JAMA ophthalmology

    2019  Volume 137, Issue 5, Page(s) 582–583

    MeSH term(s) Amblyopia ; Child ; Humans ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2701705-9
    ISSN 2168-6173 ; 2168-6165
    ISSN (online) 2168-6173
    ISSN 2168-6165
    DOI 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0133
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  8. Article: Recent Advances in Screening and Treatment for Amblyopia.

    Birch, Eileen E / Kelly, Krista R / Wang, Jingyun

    Ophthalmology and therapy

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 815–830

    Abstract: Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular visual impairment in children, with a prevalence of 2-3%. Not only is visual acuity reduced in one eye but binocular vision is affected, fellow eye deficits may be present, eye-hand coordination and reading ...

    Abstract Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular visual impairment in children, with a prevalence of 2-3%. Not only is visual acuity reduced in one eye but binocular vision is affected, fellow eye deficits may be present, eye-hand coordination and reading can be affected, and self-perception may be diminished. New technologies for preschool vision screening hold promise for accessible, early, and accurate detection of amblyopia. Together with recent advances in our theoretical understanding of amblyopia and technological advances in amblyopia treatment, we anticipate improved visual outcomes for children affected by this very common eye condition. This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2193-8245
    ISSN 2193-8245
    DOI 10.1007/s40123-021-00394-7
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  9. Article ; Online: Syndemic factors associated with non-fatal overdose among young opioid users in New York City

    Honoria Guarino / David Frank / Kelly Quinn / Dongah Kim / Krista Gile / Kelly Ruggles / Samuel R. Friedman / Pedro Mateu-Gelabert

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    2023  Volume 11

    Abstract: IntroductionRates of illicit opioid use are particularly high among young adults, yet research on overdose experience and factors associated with overdose in this population remains limited. This study examines the experiences and correlates of non-fatal ...

    Abstract IntroductionRates of illicit opioid use are particularly high among young adults, yet research on overdose experience and factors associated with overdose in this population remains limited. This study examines the experiences and correlates of non-fatal overdose among young adults using illicit opioids in New York City (NYC).Methods539 participants were recruited via Respondent-Driven Sampling in 2014-2016. Eligibility criteria included: aged 18–29 years old; current residence in NYC; and nonmedical prescription opioid (PO) use and/or heroin use in the past 30 days. Participants completed structured interviews to assess their socio-demographics, drug use trajectories, current substance use and lifetime and most recent overdose experiences, and were tested on-site for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies.Results43.9% of participants reported lifetime overdose experience; of these, 58.8% had experienced two or more overdose events. The majority of participants’ most recent overdoses (63.5%) were due to polysubstance use. In bivariable analyses, after RDS adjustment, having ever overdosed was correlated with: household income of >$100,00 growing up (vs. $51,000-100,000); lifetime homelessness; HCV antibody-positive status; lifetime engagement in regular nonmedical benzodiazepine use, regular heroin injection and regular PO injection; and using a non-sterile syringe in the past 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression identified childhood household income >$100,00 (AOR=1.88), HCV-positive status (AOR=2.64), benzodiazepine use (AOR=2.15), PO injection (AOR=1.96) and non-sterile syringe use (AOR=1.70) as significant independent correlates of lifetime overdose. A multivariable model with multiple overdoses (vs. one) found only lifetime regular heroin use and PO injection to be strong correlates.DiscussionResults indicate a high prevalence of lifetime and repeated overdose among opioid-using young adults in NYC, highlighting a need for intensified overdose prevention efforts for this population. The strong ...
    Keywords overdose ; opioid use ; injection drug use ; hepatitis C virus (HCV) ; syndemic ; young adults ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
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  10. Article ; Online: Slow Binocular Reading in Amblyopic Children Is a Fellow Eye Deficit.

    Kelly, Krista R / Jost, Reed M / Hudgins, Lindsey A / Stager, David R / Hunter, Jeffrey S / Beauchamp, Cynthia L / Dao, Lori M / Birch, Eileen E

    Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry

    2023  Volume 100, Issue 3, Page(s) 194–200

    Abstract: Significance: Amblyopic children read 25% slower than their peers during binocular silent reading.: Purpose: We compared binocular reading to fellow eye reading to determine whether slow reading in amblyopic children is due to binocular inhibition; ... ...

    Abstract Significance: Amblyopic children read 25% slower than their peers during binocular silent reading.
    Purpose: We compared binocular reading to fellow eye reading to determine whether slow reading in amblyopic children is due to binocular inhibition; that is, the amblyopic eye is interfering during binocular reading.
    Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 38 children with amblyopia and 36 age-similar control children who completed grades 1 to 6 were enrolled. Children silently read grade-appropriate paragraphs during binocular reading and fellow eye reading while wearing ReadAlyzer eye-tracking goggles (Compevo AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Reading rate, number of forward saccades, number of regressive saccades, and fixation duration were analyzed between groups and between viewing conditions. We also examined whether sensory factors (amblyopia severity, stereoacuity, suppression) were related to slow reading.
    Results: For amblyopic children, binocular reading versus fellow eye reading did not differ for reading rate (176 ± 60 vs. 173 ± 53 words per minute, P = .69), number of forward saccades (104 ± 35 vs. 97 ± 33 saccades/100 words, P = .18), number of regressive saccades (21 ± 15 vs. 22 ± 13 saccades/100 words, P = .75), or fixation duration (0.31 ± 0.06 vs. 0.32 ± 0.07 seconds, P = .44). As expected, amblyopic children had a slower reading rate and more forward saccades than control children during binocular reading and fellow eye reading. Slow reading was not related to any sensory factors.
    Conclusions: Binocular reading did not differ from fellow eye reading in amblyopic children. Thus, binocular inhibition is unlikely to play a role in slow binocular reading and is instead a fellow eye deficit that emerges from a disruption in binocular visual experience during development.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Amblyopia/therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Vision, Binocular/physiology ; Visual Acuity ; Saccades
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1001706-9
    ISSN 1538-9235 ; 1040-5488
    ISSN (online) 1538-9235
    ISSN 1040-5488
    DOI 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001995
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