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Article: mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.

Edara, Venkata-Viswanadh / Manning, Kelly E / Ellis, Madison / Lai, Lilin / Moore, Kathryn M / Foster, Stephanie L / Floyd, Katharine / Davis-Gardner, Meredith E / Mantus, Grace / Nyhoff, Lindsay E / Bechnak, Sarah / Alaaeddine, Ghina / Naji, Amal / Samaha, Hady / Lee, Matthew / Bristow, Laurel / Hussaini, Laila / Ciric, Caroline Rose / Nguyen, Phuong-Vi /

Gagne, Matthew / Roberts-Torres, Jesmine / Henry, Amy R / Godbole, Sucheta / Grakoui, Arash / Sexton, Marybeth / Piantadosi, Anne / Waggoner, Jesse J / Douek, Daniel C / Anderson, Evan J / Rouphael, Nadine / Wrammert, Jens / Suthar, Mehul S

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2021

Abstract: ... of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant against mRNA vaccine-induced antibody responses. Following the 2nd dose ... the 2nd dose, none of the sera from naïve vaccinated subjects showed neutralizing activity against ... neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the global ...

Abstract	The BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines generate potent neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the spike protein, the principal antigenic target of these vaccines, has raised concerns over the neutralizing activity of vaccine-induced antibody responses. The Omicron variant, which emerged in November 2021, consists of over 30 mutations within the spike protein. Here, we used an authentic live virus neutralization assay to examine the neutralizing activity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant against mRNA vaccine-induced antibody responses. Following the 2nd dose, we observed a 30-fold reduction in neutralizing activity against the omicron variant. Through six months after the 2nd dose, none of the sera from naïve vaccinated subjects showed neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. In contrast, recovered vaccinated individuals showed a 22-fold reduction with more than half of the subjects retaining neutralizing antibody responses. Following a booster shot (3rd dose), we observed a 14-fold reduction in neutralizing activity against the omicron variant and over 90% of boosted subjects showed neutralizing activity against the omicron variant. These findings show that a 3rd dose is required to provide robust neutralizing antibody responses against the Omicron variant.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2021.12.20.473557
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Adiponectin is independently associated with NT-proBNP: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Allison, M A / Criqui, M H / Maisel, A S / Daniels, L B / Roberts, C K / Polak, J F / Cushman, M

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD

2015 Volume 25, Issue 8, Page(s) 780–786

Abstract: ... of adiponectin, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles had 28, 45 and 67% higher NT-proBNP levels (p < 0.01 ... < 0.01), while those in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles of adiponectin were associated with increases ... about every 2 years. The evaluation included fasting venous blood, which was analyzed for NT-proBNP (at visits 1 ...

Abstract	Background and aims: To investigate the associations between selected adipokines and the N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Methods and results: As many as 1489 individuals enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were evaluated at 4 clinic visits about every 2 years. The evaluation included fasting venous blood, which was analyzed for NT-proBNP (at visits 1 and 3) and the adipokines adiponectin and leptin (at visits 2 and 3). The mean age was 64.8 ± 9.6 years and 48% were female. After multivariable adjustment, a 1-SD increment in adiponectin was associated with a 14 pg/ml higher NT-proBNP level (p < 0.01), while, compared to the 1st quartile of adiponectin, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles had 28, 45 and 67% higher NT-proBNP levels (p < 0.01 for all). For changes in NT-proBNP over the follow-up period, and after multivariable adjustment including baseline NT-proBNP, a 1-SD increment in adiponectin was associated with a 25 pg/ml absolute increase in NT-proBNP (p < 0.01), while those in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles of adiponectin were associated with increases of 5, 28 and 65 pg/ml (p = 0.74, 0.09 and <0.01, respectively). There was a significant interaction between adiponectin and sex for visit 3 NT-proBNP (p-interaction < 0.01), with significantly stronger associations in men. Leptin was not associated with NT-proBNP. Conclusion: Higher adiponectin, but not leptin, is significantly associated with higher levels of NT-proBNP, as well as with greater longitudinal increases in NT-proBNP. The associations were stronger in men.
MeSH term(s)	Adiponectin/blood ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atherosclerosis/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leptin/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood ; Peptide Fragments/blood ; Sex Factors
Chemical Substances	Adiponectin ; Biomarkers ; Leptin ; Peptide Fragments ; pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76) ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain (114471-18-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1067704-5
ISSN	1590-3729 ; 0939-4753
ISSN (online)	1590-3729
ISSN	0939-4753
DOI	10.1016/j.numecd.2015.04.005
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Article: The maturation of auditory responses in infants and young children: a cross-sectional study from 6 to 59 months.

Edgar, J Christopher / Murray, Rebecca / Kuschner, Emily S / Pratt, Kevin / Paulson, Douglas N / Dell, John / Golembski, Rachel / Lam, Peter / Bloy, Luke / Gaetz, William / Roberts, Timothy P L

Frontiers in neuroanatomy

2015 Volume 9, Page(s) 131

Abstract: ... Methods: Blocks of 1000 Hz (1st and 3rd blocks) and 500 Hz tones (2nd block) were presented while MEG ... for 1st 1000 Hz (150 ms) and 2nd 1000 Hz (148 ms) vs. 500 Hz tones (162 ms). A significant main effect ... of hemisphere showed earlier N2m responses for 2nd 1000 Hz (226 ms) vs. 1st 1000 Hz (241 ms) vs. 500 Hz tones ...

Abstract	Background: An understanding of the maturation of auditory cortex responses in typically developing infants and toddlers is needed to later identify auditory processing abnormalities in infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. The availability of infant and young child magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems may now provide near optimal assessment of left and right hemisphere auditory neuromagnetic responses in young populations. To assess the performance of a novel whole-head infant MEG system, a cross-sectional study examined the maturation of left and right auditory cortex responses in children 6- to 59-months of age. Methods: Blocks of 1000 Hz (1st and 3rd blocks) and 500 Hz tones (2nd block) were presented while MEG data were recorded using an infant/young child biomagnetometer (Artemis 123). Data were obtained from 29 children (11 males; 6- to 59-months). Latency measures were obtained for the first positive-to-negative evoked response waveform complex in each hemisphere. Latency and age associations as well as frequency and hemisphere latency differences were examined. For the 1000 Hz tone, measures of reliability were computed. Results: For the first response-a response with a "P2m" topography-latencies decreased as a function of age. For the second response-a response with a "N2m" topography-no N2m latency and age relationships were observed. A main effect of tone frequency showed earlier P2m responses for 1st 1000 Hz (150 ms) and 2nd 1000 Hz (148 ms) vs. 500 Hz tones (162 ms). A significant main effect of hemisphere showed earlier N2m responses for 2nd 1000 Hz (226 ms) vs. 1st 1000 Hz (241 ms) vs. 500 Hz tones (265 ms). P2m and N2m interclass correlation coefficient latency findings were as follows: left P2m (0.72, p < 0.001), right P2m (0.84, p < 0.001), left N2m (0.77, p < 0.001), and right N2m (0.77,p < 0.01). Conclusions: Findings of strong age and latency associations, sensitivity to tone frequency, and good test-retest reliability support the viability of longitudinal infant MEG studies that include younger as well as older participants as well as studies examining auditory processing abnormalities in infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452969-2
ISSN	1662-5129
ISSN	1662-5129
DOI	10.3389/fnana.2015.00131
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Article ; Online: mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Edara, Venkata-Viswanadh / Manning, Kelly E / Ellis, Madison / Lai, Lilin / Moore, Kathryn M / Foster, Stephanie L / Floyd, Katharine / Davis-Gardner, Meredith E / Mantus, Grace / Nyhoff, Lindsay E / Bechnack, Sarah / Alaaeddine, Ghina / Naji, Amal / Samaha, Hady / Lee, Matthew / Bristow, Laurel / Hussaini, Laila / Ciric, Caroline Rose / Nguyen, Phuong-Vi /

bioRxiv

Abstract: ... of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant against mRNA vaccine-induced antibody responses. Following the 2nd dose ... the 2nd dose, none of the sera from naive vaccinated subjects showed neutralizing activity against ... neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the global ...

Abstract	The BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines generate potent neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the spike protein, the principal antigenic target of these vaccines, has raised concerns over the neutralizing activity of vaccine-induced antibody responses. The Omicron variant, which emerged in November 2021, consists of over 30 mutations within the spike protein. Here, we used an authentic live virus neutralization assay to examine the neutralizing activity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant against mRNA vaccine-induced antibody responses. Following the 2nd dose, we observed a 30-fold reduction in neutralizing activity against the omicron variant. Through six months after the 2nd dose, none of the sera from naive vaccinated subjects showed neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. In contrast, recovered vaccinated individuals showed a 22-fold reduction with more than half of the subjects retaining neutralizing antibody responses. Following a booster shot (3rd dose), we observed a 14-fold reduction in neutralizing activity against the omicron variant and over 90% of boosted subjects showed neutralizing activity against the omicron variant. These findings show that a 3rd dose is required to provide robust neutralizing antibody responses against the Omicron variant.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-22
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.12.20.473557
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Performance characteristics of three random access cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody assays.

Wyness, Sara P / La'ulu, Sonia L / Hunsaker, Joshua J H / Tebo, Anne E / Roberts, William L

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

2010 Volume 411, Issue 5-6, Page(s) 428–432

Abstract: ... access 2nd generation CCP Ab assays, the Abbott AxSYM and Architect analyzers and the Roche Modular ... Results: LOD determinations met the manufacturers' claims. Total CVs ranged from 1.6% to 8.2%. Results ...

Abstract	Background: Cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (CCP Ab) are useful biomarkers for the early detection and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: We evaluated the performance of 3 random access 2nd generation CCP Ab assays, the Abbott AxSYM and Architect analyzers and the Roche Modular Analytics E170 analyzer, for limit of detection (LOD), imprecision, results for samples from healthy subjects, analytic concordance, and interferences. Method comparison testing was performed using the AxSYM analyzer as the comparison method and a 3rd generation INOVA Quanta Lite ELISA assay was included. Results: LOD determinations met the manufacturers' claims. Total CVs ranged from 1.6% to 8.2%. Results from healthy subjects were generally much lower than the manufacturers' decision cutoffs. Comparison to the AxSYM assay resulted in overall concordance ranging from 82.1% to 98.3%. These assays were resistant to interference from hemolysis, icterus, lipemia and rheumatoid factor. Conclusion: All 3 random access CCP Ab assays performed according to the manufacturers' claims and have the potential to improve workflow in clinical laboratories.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptides, Cyclic/blood ; Reference Values ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Peptides, Cyclic ; cyclic citrullinated peptide
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80228-1
ISSN	1873-3492 ; 0009-8981
ISSN (online)	1873-3492
ISSN	0009-8981
DOI	10.1016/j.cca.2009.12.017
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Article: Adiponectin is independently associated with NT-proBNP: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Allison, M.A / Criqui, M.H / Maisel, A.S / Daniels, L.B / Roberts, C.K / Polak, J.F / Cushman, M

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases. 2015 Aug., v. 25, no. 8

2015

Abstract: ... quartile of adiponectin, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles had 28, 45 and 67% higher NT-proBNP levels (p < 0 ... increase in NT-proBNP (p < 0.01), while those in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles of adiponectin were ... evaluated at 4 clinic visits about every 2 years. The evaluation included fasting venous blood, which was ...

Abstract	To investigate the associations between selected adipokines and the N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).As many as 1489 individuals enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were evaluated at 4 clinic visits about every 2 years. The evaluation included fasting venous blood, which was analyzed for NT-proBNP (at visits 1 and 3) and the adipokines adiponectin and leptin (at visits 2 and 3). The mean age was 64.8 ± 9.6 years and 48% were female. After multivariable adjustment, a 1−SD increment in adiponectin was associated with a 14 pg/ml higher NT-proBNP level (p < 0.01), while, compared to the 1st quartile of adiponectin, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles had 28, 45 and 67% higher NT-proBNP levels (p < 0.01 for all). For changes in NT-proBNP over the follow-up period, and after multivariable adjustment including baseline NT-proBNP, a 1−SD increment in adiponectin was associated with a 25 pg/ml absolute increase in NT-proBNP (p < 0.01), while those in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles of adiponectin were associated with increases of 5, 28 and 65 pg/ml (p = 0.74, 0.09 and <0.01, respectively). There was a significant interaction between adiponectin and sex for visit 3 NT-proBNP (p-interaction < 0.01), with significantly stronger associations in men. Leptin was not associated with NT-proBNP.Higher adiponectin, but not leptin, is significantly associated with higher levels of NT-proBNP, as well as with greater longitudinal increases in NT-proBNP. The associations were stronger in men.
Keywords	adiponectin ; atherosclerosis ; blood ; females ; leptin ; men ; metabolism ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; natriuretic peptides
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-08
Size	p. 780-786.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1067704-5
ISSN	0939-4753
ISSN	0939-4753
DOI	10.1016/j.numecd.2015.04.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Beta-adrenergic receptors and cyclic adenosine monophosphate generation in human fetal lung.

Davis, D J / Dattel, B J / Ballard, P L / Roberts, J M

Pediatric research

1987 Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 142–147

Abstract: ... in human fetal lung during the 2nd trimester of gestation. To determine the presence of beta receptors ... particulates from the lungs of 2nd trimester abortuses (15-23 wk). Binding of 125I-iodocyanopindolol was ... We conclude that beta-adrenergic receptors are present and functional in human fetal lung as early as the 2nd ...

Abstract	We designed experiments to determine whether beta-adrenergic receptors are present and functional in human fetal lung during the 2nd trimester of gestation. To determine the presence of beta receptors, characterize their binding sites, and assess changes in receptor with gestational age, we performed radioligand binding assays with the specific, high-affinity beta antagonist, 125I-iodocyanopindolol, in membrane particulates from the lungs of 2nd trimester abortuses (15-23 wk). Binding of 125I-iodocyanopindolol was saturable and of high affinity (dissociation constant = 40 pM). Binding was stereoselective as determined by competition studies with (-) and (+) stereoisomers of propranolol. Agonist affinities (isoproterenol greater than epinephrine much greater than norepinephrine) were consistent with a predominance of beta-2 receptors; this predominance was confirmed by competition studies with the specific beta-2 receptor antagonist ICI 118-551 (75% beta-2, 25% beta-1). The concentration of beta-adrenergic receptors increased with gestational age. To assess the functional coupling of the beta receptors, we tested the ability of receptor occupancy to activate adenylate cyclase. For this assay, we incubated minced human fetal lung with beta agonists and determined the amount of cAMP generated. beta Agonists stimulated cAMP generation more than 2-fold. We conclude that beta-adrenergic receptors are present and functional in human fetal lung as early as the 2nd trimester.
MeSH term(s)	Alprostadil/pharmacology ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Iodocyanopindolol ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Lung/embryology ; Lung/metabolism ; Pindolol/analogs & derivatives ; Pindolol/metabolism ; Propanolamines/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Propanolamines ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta ; Colforsin (1F7A44V6OU) ; ICI 118551 (46OL1UC10R) ; Iodocyanopindolol (83498-72-0) ; Pindolol (BJ4HF6IU1D) ; Cyclic AMP (E0399OZS9N) ; Alprostadil (F5TD010360) ; Isoproterenol (L628TT009W)
Language	English
Publishing date	1987-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	4411-8
ISSN	1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
ISSN	0031-3998
DOI	10.1203/00006450-198702000-00007
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Zs.A 564: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 gastroenteritis in farm visitors, North Wales.

Payne, Christopher J I / Petrovic, Marko / Roberts, Richard J / Paul, Ashish / Linnane, Eithne / Walker, Mark / Kirby, David / Burgess, Anthony / Smith, Robert M M / Cheasty, Thomas / Willshaw, Geraldine / Salmon, Roland L

Emerging infectious diseases

2003 Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) 526–530

Abstract: ... a significant association with attendance on the 2nd day of a festival, eating ice cream or cotton candy (candy ... O157 Vero cytotoxin type 2, phage type 2 was isolated from 23 human cases and environmental animal ... OR=51.90, 95% CI 2.77 to 970.67) remained significant. In addition to supervised handwashing ...

Abstract	An outbreak of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC O157) gastroenteritis in visitors to an open farm in North Wales resulted in 17 primary and 7 secondary cases of illness. E. coli O157 Vero cytotoxin type 2, phage type 2 was isolated from 23 human cases and environmental animal fecal samples. A case-control study of 16 primary case-patients and 36 controls (all children) showed a significant association with attendance on the 2nd day of a festival, eating ice cream or cotton candy (candy floss), and contact with cows or goats. On multivariable analysis, only the association between illness and ice cream (odds ratio [OR]=11.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 137.76) and cotton candy (OR=51.90, 95% CI 2.77 to 970.67) remained significant. In addition to supervised handwashing, we recommend that foods on open farms only be eaten in dedicated clean areas and that sticky foods be discouraged.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Agriculture ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Communicable Disease Control ; Disease Outbreaks ; Escherichia coli Infections/complications ; Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology ; Escherichia coli O157/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli O157/metabolism ; Female ; Food Microbiology ; Gastroenteritis/complications ; Gastroenteritis/epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis/microbiology ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Shiga Toxins/biosynthesis ; Wales/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Shiga Toxins
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6040
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid0905.020237
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Book ; Article ; Online: European summer temperatures since Roman times

Luterbacher, J. / Werner, J.P. / Smerdon, J.E. / Fernandez-Donado, L. / Gonzalez-Rouco, F.J. / Barriopedro, D. / Ljungqvist, F.C. / Buentgen, U. / Zorita, E. / Wagner, S. / Esper, J. / McCarroll, D. / Toreti, A. / Frank, D. / Jungclaus, J.H. / Barriendos, M. / Bertolin, C. / Bothe, O. / Brazdil, R. /

1748-9326

2016

Abstract: ... was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th ...

Abstract	The spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibility of evaluating climate models on policy-relevant, spatio-temporal scales. Here we provide a new proxy-based, annually-resolved, spatial reconstruction of the European summer (June–August) temperature fields back to 755 CE based on Bayesian hierarchical modelling (BHM), together with estimates of the European mean temperature variation since 138 BCE based on BHM and composite-plus-scaling (CPS). Our reconstructions compare well with independent instrumental and proxy-based temperature estimates, but suggest a larger amplitude in summer temperature variability than previously reported. Both CPS and BHM reconstructions indicate that the mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951–2000 period reveals a similar pattern. Recent summers, however, have been unusually warm in the context of the last two millennia and there are no 30 yr periods in either reconstruction that exceed the mean average European summer temperature of the last 3 decades (1986–2015 CE). A comparison with an ensemble of climate model simulations suggests that the reconstructed European summer temperature variability over the period 850–2000 CE reflects changes in both internal variability and external forcing on multi-decadal time-scales. For pan-European temperatures we find slightly better agreement between the reconstruction and the model simulations with high-end estimates for total solar irradiance. Temperature differences between the medieval period, the recent period and the Little Ice Age are larger in the reconstructions than the simulations. This may indicate inflated variability of the reconstructions, a lack of sensitivity and processes to changes in external forcing on the simulated European climate and/or an underestimation of internal variability on centennial and longer time scales.
Keywords	PACES II
Subject code	550
Publisher	GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Guidance for lactating mothers

Worthington-Roberts, B. S / Taylor, L. E

Worthington-Roberts BS, Vermeersch J, Williams SR. Nutrition in pregnancy and lactation. 2nd ed

1981

Abstract: ... fewer illnesses in the first year of life among babies breastfed more than 4 1/2 months. Breastfed ...

Author's details	B.S. Worthington-Roberts, L.E. Taylor
Abstract	Examines the advantages of breastfeeding and the reason for its decline and discusses the role of the health professional in teaching lactation technics to new mothers. In 1977 and 1979 Cunningham reported significantly fewer illnesses in the first year of life among babies breastfed more than 4 1/2 months. Breastfed infants are more resistant to gastrointestinal infections especially those caused by E.coli. Studies have shown breast milk to contain factors for the control of many bacterial and viral infections, specific antibodies to many potentially fatal diseases and other immune components. Berger suggests that one of the main advantages of breast milk is freedom from formulogenic disease and it appears to have a fat and protein composition which is the standard by which formulas are measured. Breastfeeding develops the structures and muscles for speech formulation, decreases the incidence of allergy, provides continuity with the intrauterine environment and promotes strong emotional ties and produces maternal benefits through the effect of oxytocin on involution of uterus. In spite of these advantages, there has been a widespread trend towards bottle feeding which can be primarily attributed to changes in economic and social development, and in the woman's role, attitude of the medical profession and commercial propaganda. The nurse plays an important role in providing considerable support and instruction to the mother for successful lactation. This can be achieved through prenatal counselling, physiology and diet outlining, nipple conditioning, understanding the effects of anesthetics on the infant's reflexes, suggesting positions for feeding and other technics for initiation and termination of feedings, and by studying other physical and psychological factors that affect breastfeeding performance.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Feeding ; Research ; Bottle Feeding ; Counseling ; Health ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Lactation ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Women's Rights
Keywords	Summary Report ; Women's Status
Language	English
Size	p. 191-231.
Publishing place	St. Louis, Missouri, Mosby
Document type	Article
Database	Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED