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  1. Article ; Online: Genotypic analysis of hepatitis E virus (HEV) from sporadic symptomatic cases in Pakistan.

    Ejaz, Momina / Zohaib, Ali / Usman, Muhammad / Anwar, Muhammad Moaaz / Khan, Hafiz Sajid / Ammar, Muhammad / Saqib, Muhammad / Khan, Sadia Ghani / Athar, Muhammad Ammar / Mansoor, Muhammad Khalid / Ullah, Ahsaan / Naseem, Mehvish / Hussain, Muhammad Hammad / Javed, Aneela

    Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases

    2024  Volume 118, Page(s) 105567

    Abstract: Pakistan is the fifth most populous nation in the world and faces several challenges, including devastating floods, sub-optimal sanitary conditions, clustered accommodations, and unregulated cross-border movements. These drastic population shifts make it ...

    Abstract Pakistan is the fifth most populous nation in the world and faces several challenges, including devastating floods, sub-optimal sanitary conditions, clustered accommodations, and unregulated cross-border movements. These drastic population shifts make it vulnerable to the efficient spread of the Hepatitis E virus (HEV). The current study analyzed the genotypic characteristics and variants of the Hepatitis E virus circulating in the population of Pakistan. A total of 75 ELISA-IgM positive samples were collected from three metropolitan cities: Lahore, Peshawar, and Karachi, and subjected to viral RNA extraction. The amplification of the HEV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region was done using Nested PCR and degenerate primers. Out of the total, 40% of the samples were positive for HEV RNA. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified the new HEV isolates as Subtype 1 g, a subtype within an existing HEV genotype 1. This shift warrants investigation into its impact on clinical manifestation and disease severity. Importantly, this study marks the first HEV subtype analysis in Pakistan, contributing valuable insights into subtype diversity and prevalence in the region.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hepatitis E virus ; Hepatitis E/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Genotype
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2037068-4
    ISSN 1567-7257 ; 1567-1348
    ISSN (online) 1567-7257
    ISSN 1567-1348
    DOI 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105567
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AND ASSOCIATED SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM ASTHMA

    Omer Sultan / Muhammad Khalid / Muhammad Hammad Athar

    Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 71, Iss 4, Pp 1304-

    2021  Volume 07

    Abstract: Objective: To determine the frequency of erectile dysfunction among the patients of asthma and analyze the associated socio demographic factors. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Pak Emirates ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency of erectile dysfunction among the patients of asthma and analyze the associated socio demographic factors. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Oct to Dec 2018. Methodology: One hundred and fifty seven patients of asthma diagnosed for more than one year by a consultant medical specialist or pulmonologist were included in the study. Erectile dysfunction was assessed by using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). Results: Out of 157 patients of asthma, 74 (47.1%) had no erectile dysfunction, 50 (31.8%) had mild, 17 (10.8%) had mild to moderate, 11 (7.1%) had moderate and 5 (3.2%) had severe erectile dysfunction. Mean age of the study participants was 41.74 ± 3.16. Mean duration of asthma among the patients in this study was 5.98 ± 4.38 years. Poly-pharmacy and long duration of illness had significant association with erectile dysfunction (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: There is a high frequency of erectile dysfunction among the patients suffering from asthma. Chronic illness when not under adequate control for a long time or is under control with poly pharmacy might give rise to problems which may be more troublesome than the primary illness.
    Keywords asthma ; erectile dysfunction ; socio demographic factors ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Army Medical College Rawalpindi
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: FACTORS CAUSING ANEMIA AMONG THE PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM EPILEPSY

    Omer Sultan / Muhammad Khalid / Muhammad Hammad Athar

    Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 71, Iss 3, Pp 849-

    2021  Volume 52

    Abstract: Objective: To assess the presence of anemia in epileptics presenting at neurology department of Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Neurology department, Pak Emirates ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the presence of anemia in epileptics presenting at neurology department of Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Neurology department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Oct to Dec 2018. Methodology: One hundred and eighteen patients were included in this study. Diagnosis of epilepsy was made by the routine international guidelines by the consultant neurologist. Iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed on the basis of hemoglobin and ferritin levels. Gender of the patient, age, duration of epilepsy, education and poly-pharmacy were correlated with of iron deficiency anemia among the epileptics included in our study during the period of study. Results: A total of 118 patients were included in the study. Forty nine (41.5%) patients were male while 69 (58.5%) epileptics were females in this study. Most common type of seizures was generalized followed by the partial seizures. Out of 118 patients of epilepsy, 44.9% showed the presence of iron deficiency anemia while 55.1% had no anemia. Duration of illness and poly-pharmacy were correlated significantly (p-value <0.05) with the findings of iron deficiency anemia in the epileptic studied in the given time. Conclusion: Epilepsy patients had high frequency of iron deficiency anemia. Special attention should be paid towards the patients with long duration of epilepsy or those with seizures controlled with more than one pharmacological agents.
    Keywords anemia ; epilepsy ; socio-demographic factors ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Army Medical College Rawalpindi
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Impact of Urbanisation on COVID-19: Diversity in Virulence.

    Athar, Muhammad Hammad / Zubair, Usama Bin / Habib, Ayesha

    Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

    2020  Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 91

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Urbanization ; Virulence
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-28
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2276646-7
    ISSN 1681-7168 ; 1022-386X
    ISSN (online) 1681-7168
    ISSN 1022-386X
    DOI 10.29271/jcpsp.2020.Supp1.S91
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Biohazards of Prolonged N95 Use: Effects on Arterial Blood Gases, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate and General Well-being of Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Athar, Muhammad Hammad / Zubair, Usama Bin / Zakir, Ujala

    Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

    2020  Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) 134–135

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; Blood Gas Analysis ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Hazardous Substances ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Masks/adverse effects ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Hazardous Substances
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-29
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2276646-7
    ISSN 1681-7168 ; 1022-386X
    ISSN (online) 1681-7168
    ISSN 1022-386X
    DOI 10.29271/jcpsp.2020.supp2.134
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Factors Associated with Psychiatric Morbidity among Patients who tested Positive and Isolated for COVID-19

    Muhammad Hammad Athar / Usama Bin Zubair / Muhammad Shahbaz Shoaib / Hamza Bin Zubair / Muhammad Yasir / Muhammad Imran / Nadeem Zia

    Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 72, Iss

    2022  Volume 6

    Abstract: Objective: To look for the psychiatric morbidity and associated socio-demographic factors among patients who tested positive and isolated for COVID-19. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Malir ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To look for the psychiatric morbidity and associated socio-demographic factors among patients who tested positive and isolated for COVID-19. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Malir Pakistan, from Mar to May 2020. Methodology: All patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were admitted to the COVID-19 Ward without complications were included in the study. General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was administered to look for the presence of psychiatric morbidity. Results: Out of 61 patients included in the study, 45(73.7%) showed the presence of psychiatric morbidity, while 16(26.3%) did not show psychiatric morbidity when screened with GHQ-12. 43(70.4%) were male, while 18(29.6%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 35.21±2.355 years. The advanced age and female gender have a statistically significant relationship (pvalue<0.05) with the presence of psychiatric morbidity among patients of COVID-19. Conclusion: Many patients had psychiatric morbidity after being tested positive for COVID -19 and were isolated in the health facility. Female patients and patients aged more than 40 years were found to be more at risk of developing psychiatric morbidity among the patients admitted to COVID -19 ward.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; psychiatric morbidity ; socio demographic factors ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Army Medical College Rawalpindi
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: COGNITIVE DECLINE AMONG PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND ASSOCIATED SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

    Usama Bin Zubair / Muhammad Hammad Athar / Imran Ahmed / Shazia Nisar

    Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 71, Iss 2, Pp 486-

    2021  Volume 89

    Abstract: Objective: To determine the frequency of cognitive decline among the patients of hypertension and analyze the associated socio demographic factors. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency of cognitive decline among the patients of hypertension and analyze the associated socio demographic factors. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from May to Jul 2018. Methodology: A total of 200 patients of hypertension diagnosed for >1 year by a consultant medical specialist were included in the study. Cognitive decline was assessed by using the British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory (BC-CCI). Sociodemographic factors in the study included age, education, smoking, poly-pharmacy and duration of illness. They were correlated independently with the cognitive decline by using the binary logistic regression. Results: Out of 200 patients of hypertension, 105 (52.5%) had no cognitive decline, 61 (30.5%) had mild, 23 (11.5%) had moderate and 11 (5.5%) had severe cognitive decline. Mean age of the study participants was 43.74 ± 3.15 years. Mean duration of hypertension among the patients in this study was 7.98 ± 3.35 years. Tobacco smoking and long duration of illness had significant association with cognitive decline (p-value <0.05) when binary logistic regression was applied. Conclusion: This study showed a high frequency of cognitive decline among the patients suffering from hypertension. Special attention should be paid on individuals with long duration of illness. Tobacco smoking should be discouraged among the patients suffering from hypertension in order to prevent the problems related to cognition. Regular screening of cognitive decline should be performed on high risk cases in the hypertension clinics.
    Keywords cognitive decline ; hypertension ; socio demographic factors ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 616 ; 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Army Medical College Rawalpindi
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Impact of Urbanisation on COVID-19: Diversity in Virulence

    Athar, Muhammad Hammad / Zubair, Usama Bin / Habib, Ayesha

    J Coll Physicians Surg Pak

    Abstract: Null. ...

    Abstract Null.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #690256
    Database COVID19

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  9. Article: Biohazards of Prolonged N95 Use: Effects on Arterial Blood Gases, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate and General Well-being of Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19 Pandemic

    Athar, Muhammad Hammad / Zubair, Usama Bin / Zakir, Ujala

    J Coll Physicians Surg Pak

    Abstract: Null. ...

    Abstract Null.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #895890
    Database COVID19

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  10. Article ; Online: IMPACT OF PROPER METERED DOSE INHALER TECHNIQUE OVER PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE IN MODERATE PERSISTENT BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

    Muhammad Hammad Athar / Usama Bin Zubair / Barik Hassan Ahmed

    Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 68, Iss 4, Pp 969-

    2018  Volume 974

    Abstract: Objective: To determine the impact of proper metered dose inhaler technique over peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among the patients of moderate persistent bronchial asthma. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Military ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the impact of proper metered dose inhaler technique over peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among the patients of moderate persistent bronchial asthma. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Six months, from Dec 2017 to Jun 2018. Material and Methods: The sample population comprised of patients suffering from moderate persistent bronchial asthma presenting in medical outpatient department. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group A were not educated regarding proper technique for using metered dose inhaler and used the faulty technique. Patients in group B were educated regarding proper technique for using metered dose inhaler. Peak expiratory flow rate was determined via standard peak expiratory flow rate device in both the groups after the inhalation of standard dose of salbutamol. Mean PEFR was calculated and compared for both the groups. Results: The mean peak expiratory flow rate score of patients without the education of proper technique was 320 ± 9.28 whereas mean PEFR score in patients after the proper metered dose inhaler technique was 460 ± 6.66 (p-value<0.001). The PEFR scores after the use of metered dose inhalers with proper technique were significantly higher than those without the use of proper technique. Conclusion: This study showed that proper use of metered dose inhaler device has a significant impact on the peak expiratory flow rate. Proper time should be given by the physician or pharmacist to explain the patient regarding proper use of this device in order to ensure its optimal functioning.
    Keywords asthma ; metered dose inhaler ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Army Medical College Rawalpindi
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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