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Article ; Online: Kai-xin-san improves cognitive impairment in D-gal and Aβ

Wang, Huijuan / Zhou, Lifen / Zheng, Qin / Song, Yonggui / Huang, Weihua / Yang, Lin / Xiong, Yongchang / Cai, Zhinan / Chen, Ying / Yuan, Jinbin

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2024 Volume 329, Page(s) 118161

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic herbal formula for the treatment ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic herbal formula for the treatment and prevention of AD (Alzheimer's disease) with definite curative effect, but its mechanism, which involves multiple components, pathways, and targets, is not yet fully understood. Aim of the study: To verify the effect of KXS on gut microbiota and explore its anti-AD mechanism related with gut microbiota. Materials and methods: AD rat model was established and evaluated by intraperitoneal injection of D-gal and bilateral hippocampal CA1 injections of Aβ Results: KXS could significantly improve cognitive impairment, reduce neuronal damage and attenuate neuroinflammation and colonic inflammation in vivo in AD model rats. Nine differential intestinal bacteria associated with AD were screened, in which four bacteria (Lactobacillus murinus, Ligilactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group) were very significant. Conclusion: KXS can maintain the ecological balance of intestinal microbiota and exert its anti-AD effect by regulating the composition and proportion of gut microbiota in AD rats through the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2024.118161
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Article ; Online: Kai-Xin-San ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via the mitochondrial autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Shan, Xiaoxiao / Tao, Wenwen / Li, Junying / Tao, Wenkang / Li, Dawei / Zhou, Lele / Yang, Xuan / Dong, Chong / Huang, Shunwang / Chu, Xiaoqin / Zhang, Caiyun

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2024 Volume 329, Page(s) 118145

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic famous prescription that has been ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic famous prescription that has been utilized for centuries to address dementia. New investigations have shown that the anti-dementia effect of KXS is connected with improved neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is not well elucidated. Aim of the study: We propose to discover the ameliorative impact of KXS on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its regulatory role on the mitochondrial autophagy-nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. Materials and methods: The Y maze, Morris water maze, and new objection recognition tests were applied to ascertain the spatial learning and memory capacities of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice after KXS-treatment. Meanwhile, the biochemical indexes of the hippocampus were detected by reagent kits. The pathological alterations and mitochondrial autophagy in the mice' hippocampus were detected utilizing hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Besides, the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways protein expressions were determined employing the immunoblot analysis. Results: The results of behavioral tests showed that KXS significantly enhanced the AD mice' spatial learning and memory capacities. Furthermore, KXS reversed the biochemical index levels and reduced amyloid-β protein deposition in AD mice brains. Besides, H&E staining showed that KXS remarkably ameliorated the neuronal damage in AD mice. Concurrently, the results of transmission electron microscopy suggest that KXS ameliorated the mitochondrial damage in microglia and promoted mitochondrial autophagy. Moreover, the immunofluorescence outcomes exhibited that KXS promoted the expression of protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) associated with microtubule and the generation of autophagic flux. Notably, the immunofluorescence co-localization results confirmed the presence of mitochondrial autophagy in microglia. Finally, KXS promoted the protein expressions of the PINK1/Parkin pathway and reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Most importantly, these beneficial effects of KXS were attenuated by the mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Conclusion: KXS ameliorates AD-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice by enhancing the mitochondrial autophagy and suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2024.118145
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Article ; Online: Classic Famous Prescription Kai-Xin-San Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Shan, Xiaoxiao / Lv, Shujie / Huang, Peng / Zhang, Wei / Jin, Chuanshan / Liu, Yuanxu / Li, Yangyang / Jia, Yong / Chu, Xiaoqin / Peng, Can / Zhang, Caiyun

Molecular neurobiology

2023 Volume 61, Issue 4, Page(s) 2297–2312

Abstract: Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic famous prescription composed of Polygalae Radix, Ginseng Radix et ...

Abstract	Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic famous prescription composed of Polygalae Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, and Poria. Clinically, KXS is effective in treating amnesia and regulating cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, the AD model rats were established by combining intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose (150 mg/kg/day) and intracerebral injection of Aβ
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism ; beta Catenin/metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Chemical Substances	Kai-Xin-San ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (EC 2.7.11.1) ; beta Catenin ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645020-9
ISSN	1559-1182 ; 0893-7648
ISSN (online)	1559-1182
ISSN	0893-7648
DOI	10.1007/s12035-023-03707-y
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Article ; Online: Yang-Xin-Shu-Mai granule alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Huang, Hong / Sun, Zeqi / Xu, Junyao / Wang, Linjie / Zhao, Jing / Li, Jie / Zhang, Siqi / Yuan, Fang / Liu, Ming / Fang, Zhuyuan

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2023 Volume 318, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 116868

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Previous studies have found that Yang-Xin-Shu-Mai granule (YXSMG ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Previous studies have found that Yang-Xin-Shu-Mai granule (YXSMG) has certain advantages in the treatment of stable coronary heart disease. However, YXSMG can inhibit the progression of atherosclerotic plaque and stabilize vulnerable plaque needs to be further explored and studied. This research, mass spectrometry analysis, network pharmacology, in vivo and in vitro experimental studies were conducted to explore the mechanism of YXSMG on atherosclerosis. Aim of the study: To decipher the mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque, stabilization for YXSMG by analysis of its active ingredients and biological network and activity in whole animal and at cellular and molecular levels. Methods: The active components of YXSMG were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis. The 'Disease-Compound-Target-Pathway' network diagram was constructed using network pharmacology, and the stability of binding between core targets and core compounds was analyzed with molecular docking. After intervention with YXSMG, the pathology of aortic plaque, inflammation in the surrounding tissue, expression of TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB pathway protein in plaque and M1/M2 polarization of plaque macrophages were evaluated in vivo in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE Results: Five active compounds were identified in YXSMG: catechin, formononetin, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone and glycitein. Network pharmacology studies revealed TLR9 as one of the core targets of YXSMG intervention in atherosclerosis. Computer simulation of molecular docking showed that TLR9 could interact with the core compound to form a stable complex. In vivo experiments confirmed that YXSMG could significantly inhibit atherosclerotic plaque, reduce levels of blood lipids and inflammatory factors, downregulate TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB pathway protein and inhibit aortic sinus macrophages polarization to M1, but promote their polarization to M2 to inhibit inflammation. In vitro experiments revealed that YXSMG could downregulate expression of TLR9 gene and protein in ODN1826-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. ODN2088 had a synergistic effect with YXSMG on the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, and reprogrammed macrophages polarization from M1 to M2 by inhibiting TLR9, thus reducing immuno-inflammatory response. Conclusion: YXSMG can reduce the level of blood lipid and improve the size of atherosclerotic plaque and inflammatory infiltration in ApoE
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Atherosclerosis/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Macrophages ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Inflammation/pathology ; Lipids/pharmacology ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
Chemical Substances	NF-kappa B ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; Toll-Like Receptor 9 ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Lipids ; Apolipoproteins E
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-16
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.116868
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Article: Kai-Xin-San, a Chinese Herbal Decoction, Accelerates the Degradation of

Wang, Na / Jia, Yongming / Zhang, Bo / Li, Yan / Murtaza, Ghulam / Huang, Shuming / Liu, Xuewei

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

2020 Volume 2020, Page(s) 3862342

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of Kai-Xin-San (KXS, a famous Chinese herbal ...

Abstract	This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of Kai-Xin-San (KXS, a famous Chinese herbal decoction used to treat amnesia) on the degradation of A
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171158-6
ISSN	1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
ISSN (online)	1741-4288
ISSN	1741-427X
DOI	10.1155/2020/3862342
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Article: Effects of Xin-Ji-Er-Kang on Anticardiovascular Remodeling in

Wang, Li / Cai, Guo-Wei / Ding, Ling / Hu, Juan / Zhang, Yong-Xue / Huang, Guang-Yao / Cheng, Pan / Gao, Shan

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

2018 Volume 2018, Page(s) 8067361

Abstract: Background: Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) shows protective effects on the myocardial ischemic diseases ...

Abstract	Background: Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) shows protective effects on the myocardial ischemic diseases in our previous reports. We hypothesized that XJEK may exert preventing effects on Methods: After treatment with XJEK for four weeks, cardiac function and cardiovascular pathology changes were evaluated. Then, endothelial-dependent vascular relaxation and serum NO, eNOS, AMDA, SOD, MDA content, and cardiac tissue eNOS expression were detected. Results: The hypertensive mice displayed distinct cardiovascular remodeling including increased HW/BW index (4.7 ± 0.33 versus 5.2 ± 0.34), cross-section area, and collagen deposition. In addition, ED was found manifested by decreased serum NO (20.54 ± 8.05 versus 6.29 ± 2.33), eNOS (28.34 ± 2.36 versus 20.37 ± 2.30), content, and decreased eNOS expression in cardiac tissue and damaged endothelium-dependent diastolic function. Moreover, OS was detected confirmed by decreased SOD activity and increased MDA content in serum. However, treatment with XJEK for 4 wk could reverse cardiovascular remodeling (HW/BW index normalized from 5.2 ± 0.34 to 4.59 ± 0.25), ameliorate and preserve endothelial function (NO: 16.67 ± 7.24 versus 6.29 ± 2.33; eNOS: 16.67 ± 7.24 versus 6.29 ± 2.33), and suppress OS. Conclusion: XJEK has protective effects against cardiovascular remodeling in L-NAME induced hypertensive mice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171158-6
ISSN	1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
ISSN (online)	1741-4288
ISSN	1741-427X
DOI	10.1155/2018/8067361
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Article: Efficacy and Safety of a Formulated Herbal Granula, Jiu Wei Zhen Xin, for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.

Wang, Sheng / Zhao, Lin-Lin / Qiu, Xin-Jian / Wang, Dong-Sheng / Tang, Tao / Luo, Jie-Kun / Hu, Sui-Yu / Huang, Hui-Yong

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

2018 Volume 2018, Page(s) 9090181

Abstract: Background: The traditional Chinese medicine formula Jiu Wei Zhen Xin Granula (JWZXG) is ...

Abstract	Background: The traditional Chinese medicine formula Jiu Wei Zhen Xin Granula (JWZXG) is prescribed to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in China. This study was to assess the efficacy and safety of JWZXG in patients with GAD. Method: Data were pooled from 14 randomized controlled trials involving the assessment of mean changes of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) total scores, response rates, adverse event rates, quality, publication bias, and risk of bias. Results: Pooled analysis showed no significant difference in response rate (risk ratio 1.01, 95% CI [0.93-1.08]; Conclusions: This meta-analysis preliminarily suggests that JWZXG is as effective as azapirones, though having the same possibility of suffering AEs. JWZXG was inferior to SSRIs but causes fewer AEs in the treatment of GAD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171158-6
ISSN	1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
ISSN (online)	1741-4288
ISSN	1741-427X
DOI	10.1155/2018/9090181
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Article ; Online: Yi-Xin-Shu capsule ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by regulating RB/HDAC1/GATA4 signaling pathway based on proteomic and mass spectrometry image analysis.

Zhang, Minyu / Guo, Feifei / Li, Xianyu / Xian, Minghua / Wang, Tingting / Wu, Hongwei / Wei, Junying / Huang, Ying / Cui, Xiangning / Wu, Sha / Gong, Muxin / Yang, Hongjun

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

2022 Volume 103, Page(s) 154185

Abstract: ... in CHF. Yi-Xin-Shu capsule (YXS) has been commonly applied in the clinical treatment of CHF in Asian ...

Abstract	Background: Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) forms the main pathological basis of chronic heart failure (CHF). Mitigating and preventing CH is the key strategy for the treatment of ventricular remodeling in CHF. Yi-Xin-Shu capsule (YXS) has been commonly applied in the clinical treatment of CHF in Asian countries for several decades. However, the underlying mechanism of YXS has not been revealed yet. Purpose: To assess the efficiency of YXS in CH and identify its potential therapeutic targets for the managing of CH. Method: Ultrasonic cardiogram was used to evaluate the cardiac function of CH rats. Hematein Eosin (HE)-staining, Masson-staining and transmission electron microscope were used to measure the morphological changes, cardiac fibrosis degree and ultrastructure characteristics of cardiomyocytes, respectively. ELISA was used to detect the myocardial injury biomarkers. Then, the potential targets regulated by YXS were screened out via proteomic analysis and mass spectrometry image analysis. Finally, the targets were validated by real-time quantitative (RT-q) PCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western-blotting methods. Results: YXS improved the cardiac function of CH rats and attenuated the injuries in morphology and subcellular structure of cardiomyocytes. A core protein-protein interaction network was established on differentially expressed proteins (DEP) using proteomics analysis. GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) was identified as the key target regulated by YXS. The results of mass spectrometry image analysis indicated that the expressions of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and retinoblastoma (RB) could also be regulated by YXS. Further valuative experiments showed that YXS may attenuate CH by regulating the RB/HDAC1/GATA4 signaling pathway. Conclusions: For the first time, this study discloses the precise mechanism investigation of the efficacy of YXS against CH. These data demonstrate that YXS may protect against CH by regulating the RB/HDAC1/GATA4 signaling pathway.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cardiomegaly/drug therapy ; Cardiomegaly/metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; GATA4 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Heart Failure/drug therapy ; Heart Failure/metabolism ; Histone Deacetylase 1/metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Rats ; Retinal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; GATA4 Transcription Factor ; Gata4 protein, rat ; yi-xin-shu ; Hdac1 protein, rat (EC 3.5.1.98) ; Histone Deacetylase 1 (EC 3.5.1.98)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154185
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Article ; Online: Protective effect of Xin-Ji-Er-Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high-salt induced hypertensive mice: Role ofoxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.

Wang, Xiao-Yun / Huang, Guang-Yao / Lian, Feng-Zhen / Pan, Ming / Ruan, Cheng-Shao / Ling, Xin-Xin / Chen, Mei-Ling / Shen, Ai-Zong / Gao, Shan

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

2019 Volume 115, Page(s) 108937

Abstract: Background: Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) is a Chinese herbal formula that has beenreported to exert ...

Abstract	Background: Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) is a Chinese herbal formula that has beenreported to exert effective protection against cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and myocarditis. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of XJEK on high-salt-induced hypertensive mice and its possible mechanism. Methods: The model of hypertension was established through a high-salt diet. Sixty male Kunming mice were randomized into six groups, namely the Control, Model, Low-dose XJEK, Middle-dose XJEK, High-dose XJEK and Fosinopril groups (n=10 per group). Different steady interventions were given to each group: 0.9% Sodium chloride was added to the diet of the Control group and 8% sodium chloride to the diet of the other five groups from the very beginning. An additional 4, 8 and 12 g/kg/day XJEK were intragastrically administered to the Low-dose, Middle-dose and High-dose XJEK groups, respectively, and 2 mg/kg/day fosinopril to the fosinopril group, from the start of week 5. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly from weeks 1 to 8 using the tail-cuff method. At the end of week 8, left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure, LV end-diastolic pressure and rate of rise of LV pressure were examined using a TransonicScisense catheter (Transonic Systems Inc,Ithaca, NY,USA). Endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by acetylcholine were observed in an isolated thoracic aorta ring. Serum and heartsweresampled for the measurement of the following indexes:Serum nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (determined by colorimetricanalysis); serum angiotensin II(Ang II), endothelin-1, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH Results: Statistical data showed that the HW/BW ratio was significantly decreased in the drug treatment group. XJEK treatment could improve the heart systolic and diastolic function and ameliorate hemodynamic parameters and vascular remodeling indexes. Colorimetric results showed that, compared with the model group, XJEK increased serum SOD, NOlevels, and decreased those of serum MDA and Ang II. XJEK reverted changes in cardiac pathology, decreased the myocardial cross-sectional area, collagen volume fraction and perivascular collagen area and improved endothelial dysfunction (ED) by promoting eNOS activity, enhancing NO bioavailability, increasing the expression of BH Conclusion: In conclusion, XJEK mitigates cardiac remodeling in high-salt-induced hypertensive mice. The potential mechanism involves improved oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, independently of ameliorating BP.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/etiology ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Male ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects ; Vascular Remodeling/drug effects ; Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; xin-ji-er-kang
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-09
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392415-4
ISSN	1950-6007 ; 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
ISSN (online)	1950-6007
ISSN	0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
DOI	10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108937
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Article ; Online: Neuroprotective mechanism of Kai Xin San

Na Wang / Yong-ming Jia / Bo Zhang / Di Xue / Maharjan Reeju / Yan Li / Shu-ming Huang / Xue-wei Liu

Neural Regeneration Research, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 654-

upregulation of hippocampal insulin-degrading enzyme protein expression and acceleration of amyloid-beta degradation

2017 Volume 659

Abstract: Kai Xin San is a Chinese herbal formula composed of Radix Ginseng , Poria , Radix Polygalae and ... Acorus Tatarinowii Rhizome . It has been used in China for many years for treating amnesia. Kai Xin San ... into the hippocampus and subsequently administered Kai Xin San (0.54 or 1.08 g/kg/d) intragastrically for 21 ...

Abstract	Kai Xin San is a Chinese herbal formula composed of Radix Ginseng , Poria , Radix Polygalae and Acorus Tatarinowii Rhizome . It has been used in China for many years for treating amnesia. Kai Xin San ameliorates amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced cognitive dysfunction and is neuroprotective in vivo , but its precise mechanism remains unclear. Expression of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), which degrades Aβ, is strongly correlated with cognitive function. Here, we injected rats with exogenous Aβ42 (200 μM, 5 μL) into the hippocampus and subsequently administered Kai Xin San (0.54 or 1.08 g/kg/d) intragastrically for 21 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining revealed that Kai Xin San protected neurons against Aβ-induced damage. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot and polymerase chain reaction results showed that Kai Xin San decreased Aβ42 protein levels and increased expression of IDE protein, but not mRNA, in the hippocampus. Our findings reveal that Kai Xin San facilitates hippocampal Aβ degradation and increases IDE expression, which leads, at least in part, to the alleviation of hippocampal neuron injury in rats.
Keywords	nerve regeneration ; neurodegeneration ; traditional Chinese medicine ; Kai Xin San ; insulin-degrading enzyme ; amyloid-β ; Alzheimer′s disease ; Chinese herbal compound ; Aβ-degrading enzymes ; neurons ; Radix Ginseng ; Radix Polygalae ; Acorus Tatarinowii Rhizoma ; neural regeneration ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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