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  1. Article ; Online: Treating Cells as Reagents to Design Reproducible Assays.

    Riss, Terry L / Moravec, Richard A / Duellman, Sarah J / Niles, Andrew L

    SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 10, Page(s) 1256–1267

    Abstract: The reproducibility of high-throughput cell-based assays is dependent on having a consistent source of cells for each experiment. Developing an understanding of the nature of cells growing in vitro and factors that influence their responsiveness to test ... ...

    Abstract The reproducibility of high-throughput cell-based assays is dependent on having a consistent source of cells for each experiment. Developing an understanding of the nature of cells growing in vitro and factors that influence their responsiveness to test compounds will contribute to the development of reproducible cell-based assays. Using good cell culture practices and establishing standard operating procedures (SOPs) for handling cultures can eliminate several potential contributors to variability in the responsiveness and performance of cells. The SOPs for handling each cell type must have clear and detailed instructions that can be understood and followed among different laboratories. The SOPs should include documenting the source of cells and authenticating their identity, both of which have become required to achieve peer acceptance of experimental data. Variability caused by biological issues such as phenotypic drift can be reduced by using standardized subculture procedures or using cryopreserved cells to set up experiments. Variability caused by inconsistent dispensing of cells per well and edge effects can be identified by measuring how many cells are present and whether they are alive or dead. Multiplex methods for real-time measurement of viable or dead cell number in each sample can be used for normalizing data and determining if proliferation or cytotoxicity has occurred during the experiment. Following good cell culture practices will go a long way toward executing reproducible cell-based assays. Resources will be included describing good cell culture practices, cell line authentication, and multiplex determination of cell number as an internal control.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Assay/methods ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents/chemistry ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results
    Chemical Substances Indicators and Reagents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2885123-7
    ISSN 2472-5560 ; 2472-5552
    ISSN (online) 2472-5560
    ISSN 2472-5552
    DOI 10.1177/24725552211039754
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Cell-based, bioluminescent assay for monitoring the interaction between PCSK9 and the LDL receptor.

    Duellman, Sarah J / Machleidt, Thomas / Cali, James J / Vidugiriene, Jolanta

    Journal of lipid research

    2017  Volume 58, Issue 8, Page(s) 1722–1729

    Abstract: Monitoring the expression of cell-surface receptors, their interaction with extracellular ligands, and their fate upon ligand binding is important for understanding receptor function and developing new therapies. We describe a cell-based method that ... ...

    Abstract Monitoring the expression of cell-surface receptors, their interaction with extracellular ligands, and their fate upon ligand binding is important for understanding receptor function and developing new therapies. We describe a cell-based method that utilizes bioluminescent protein complementation technology to interrogate binding of a cellular receptor with its extracellular protein ligand, specifically LDL receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Purified, full-length tagged PCSK9 is added to assay wells containing cells that stably express LDLR with an extracellular complementary tag. When the tagged PCSK9 binds the receptor, a bright luminescence signal is generated. The interaction is detected at the cell membrane with add-and-read simplicity, no wash steps, and flexibility, allowing data to be collected in endpoint format, kinetically, or with bioluminescent imaging. The assay is flexible, is rapid, and reports accurate biology. It is amenable to 96-well and 384-well formats, and the robustness allows for screening of new drug candidates (
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; HEK293 Cells ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Luminescent Measurements ; Proprotein Convertase 9/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, LDL/chemistry ; Receptors, LDL/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, LDL ; Proprotein Convertase 9 (EC 3.4.21.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80154-9
    ISSN 1539-7262 ; 0022-2275
    ISSN (online) 1539-7262
    ISSN 0022-2275
    DOI 10.1194/jlr.D074658
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Altered cytotoxicity of ROS-inducing compounds by sodium pyruvate in cell culture medium depends on the location of ROS generation.

    Kelts, Jessica L / Cali, James J / Duellman, Sarah J / Shultz, John

    SpringerPlus

    2015  Volume 4, Page(s) 269

    Abstract: Induction of oxidative stress by drugs and other xenobiotics is an important mechanism of cytotoxicity. However, in vitro studies on the relationship between oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in cultured cells is frequently complicated by the fact that ... ...

    Abstract Induction of oxidative stress by drugs and other xenobiotics is an important mechanism of cytotoxicity. However, in vitro studies on the relationship between oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in cultured cells is frequently complicated by the fact that cell culture medium components affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposures in ways that vary with the mode of ROS production. The objectives of this study were to first determine the mode of ROS induction by certain model compounds when they are applied to cultured cells, and then to determine how ROS induction and cytotoxicity were affected by the ROS-quenching medium component pyruvate. Three compounds, eseroline, benserazide, and pyrogallol induced H2O2 in cell culture media independent of cells. However, another compound, menadione, induced H2O2 in a manner largely dependent on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells used in this study, which is consistent with its known mechanism of inducing ROS through intracellular redox cycling. 1 mM pyruvate, as well as catalase, reduced the H2O2 in culture wells with each ROS inducer tested but it only reduced the cytotoxicity of cell-independent inducers. It reduced the cytotoxicity of benserazide and pyrogallol >10-fold and of eseroline about 2.5-fold, but had no effect on menadione cytotoxicity. From this data, it was concluded that depending on the mechanism of ROS induction, whether intra- or extracellular, a ROS-quenching medium component such as pyruvate will differentially affect the net ROS-induction and cytotoxicity of a test compound.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2661116-8
    ISSN 2193-1801
    ISSN 2193-1801
    DOI 10.1186/s40064-015-1063-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Antigen-binding properties of monoclonal antibodies reactive with EBNA1 and use in immunoaffinity chromatography.

    Duellman, Sarah J / Burgess, Richard R

    PloS one

    2009  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) e4614

    Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) was overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared that react with EBNA1. Eleven high affinity mAbs were recovered. Nine mAbs are isotype IgG (all ... ...

    Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) was overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared that react with EBNA1. Eleven high affinity mAbs were recovered. Nine mAbs are isotype IgG (all subisotype IgG(1)) and two mAbs are isotype IgM. All mAbs react strongly with EBNA1 in an ELISA assay while only one mAb (designated 1EB6) fails to react in a Western blot assay. The epitopes for these mAbs were mapped to seven different regions, providing good coverage of the entire EBNA1 protein. The mAbs had differing affinity for an EBNA1/DNA complex with four mAbs able to supershift the complex completely. All mAbs can immunoprecipitate EBNA1 from E. coli overexpressing EBNA1. A modified ELISA assay, termed ELISA-elution assay, was used to screen for mAbs that release EBNA1 in the presence of a low molecular weight polyhydroxylated compound (polyol) and a nonchaotropic salt. MAbs with this property, termed polyol-responsive (PR)-mAbs, allow gentle elution of labile proteins and protein complexes. Four mAbs are polyol-responsive with two showing usefulness in gentle immunoaffinity chromatography. Purification with these PR-mAbs may be useful in purifying EBNA1 complexes and elucidating EBNA1-associated proteins. This panel of anti-EBNA1 mAbs will advance the study of EBV by providing new tools to detect and purify EBNA1.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Chromatography, Affinity/methods ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/immunology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/isolation & purification ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Immunoassay ; Immunoprecipitation ; Mice
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Viral ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-02-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004614
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Large-scale Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 protein purification.

    Duellman, Sarah J / Burgess, Richard R

    Protein expression and purification

    2009  Volume 63, Issue 2, Page(s) 128–133

    Abstract: The protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) are known to play an important role in the many functions of this viral protein. Large quantities of pure EBNA1 protein would be useful in biochemical assays ...

    Abstract The protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) are known to play an important role in the many functions of this viral protein. Large quantities of pure EBNA1 protein would be useful in biochemical assays to elucidate such interactions. In particular, the crystal structure of the full-length protein would be important to show possible regions of interaction and/or post-translational modification. Recently, we described a novel approach to overexpress and purify EBNA1 from Escherichia coli; however, it is not ideal for large-scale production of EBNA1. We were able to optimize this protocol by (1) adding a polyethyleneimine precipitation step prior to Ni-NTA chromatography to reduce complexity of the sample and remove nucleic acid, (2) optimizing the Ni-NTA gradient to further separate EBNA1 from impurities, and (3) concluding with a MonoS cation-exchange chromatography step to further purify and concentrate EBNA1. We were able to recover 10-mg quantities of pure EBNA1 protein.
    MeSH term(s) Chemical Precipitation ; Chromatography, Gel/methods ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange/methods ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/isolation & purification ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism ; Humans ; Plasmids/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1055455-5
    ISSN 1096-0279 ; 1046-5928
    ISSN (online) 1096-0279
    ISSN 1046-5928
    DOI 10.1016/j.pep.2008.09.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Highly Potent Cell-Permeable and Impermeable NanoLuc Luciferase Inhibitors.

    Walker, Joel R / Hall, Mary P / Zimprich, Chad A / Robers, Matthew B / Duellman, Sarah J / Machleidt, Thomas / Rodriguez, Jacquelynn / Zhou, Wenhui

    ACS chemical biology

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 1028–1037

    Abstract: Novel engineered NanoLuc (Nluc) luciferase being smaller, brighter, and superior to traditional firefly (Fluc) or Renilla (Rluc) provides a great opportunity for the development of numerous biological, biomedical, clinical, and food and environmental ... ...

    Abstract Novel engineered NanoLuc (Nluc) luciferase being smaller, brighter, and superior to traditional firefly (Fluc) or Renilla (Rluc) provides a great opportunity for the development of numerous biological, biomedical, clinical, and food and environmental safety applications. This new platform created an urgent need for Nluc inhibitors that could allow selective bioluminescent suppression and multiplexing compatibility with existing luminescence or fluorescence assays. Starting from thienopyrrole carboxylate 1, a hit from a 42 000 PubChem compound library with a low micromolar IC
    MeSH term(s) Cell Membrane Permeability ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Luciferases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Chemical Substances Enzyme Inhibitors ; Luciferases (EC 1.13.12.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1554-8937
    ISSN (online) 1554-8937
    DOI 10.1021/acschembio.6b01129
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Overproduction in Escherichia coli and purification of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1.

    Duellman, Sarah J / Burgess, Richard R

    Protein expression and purification

    2005  Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 434–440

    Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) is a multi-functional protein of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Due to its low abundance in EBV-transformed cells, overproduction in a foreign host is preferred to obtain purified EBNA-1 protein. The EBNA-1 ... ...

    Abstract Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) is a multi-functional protein of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Due to its low abundance in EBV-transformed cells, overproduction in a foreign host is preferred to obtain purified EBNA-1 protein. The EBNA-1 gene possesses a large number of Escherichia coli rare codons (23%). By using E. coli BL21(DE3)Rosetta2 cells that augment the low-abundance tRNA genes, the expression level of EBNA-1 in E. coli was greatly enhanced. EBNA-1 was then purified by applying the whole cell extract soluble fraction to a Ni-NTA Superflow column and eluting with an imidazole gradient. The improved overexpression in E. coli followed by a one-step Ni-NTA purification resulted in a sufficient amount of pure EBNA-1 protein to test DNA binding activity, and prepare and test EBNA-1-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
    MeSH term(s) Chromatography, Affinity ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/biosynthesis ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/genetics ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/biosynthesis ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/genetics ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens ; Recombinant Proteins ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins ; EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (O5GA75RST7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-12-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1055455-5
    ISSN 1096-0279 ; 1046-5928
    ISSN (online) 1096-0279
    ISSN 1046-5928
    DOI 10.1016/j.pep.2005.11.023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Bioluminescent, Nonlytic, Real-Time Cell Viability Assay and Use in Inhibitor Screening.

    Duellman, Sarah J / Zhou, Wenhui / Meisenheimer, Poncho / Vidugiris, Gediminas / Cali, James J / Gautam, Prson / Wennerberg, Krister / Vidugiriene, Jolanta

    Assay and drug development technologies

    2015  Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) 456–465

    Abstract: Real-time continuous monitoring of cellular processes offers distinct advantages over traditional endpoint assays. A comprehensive representation of the changes occurring in live cells over the entire length of an experiment provides information about ... ...

    Abstract Real-time continuous monitoring of cellular processes offers distinct advantages over traditional endpoint assays. A comprehensive representation of the changes occurring in live cells over the entire length of an experiment provides information about the biological status of the cell and informs decisions about the timing of treatments or the use of other functional endpoint assays. We describe a homogeneous, nonlytic, bioluminescent assay that measures cell viability in real time. This time-dependent measurement allowed us to monitor cell health for 72 h from the same test samples, distinguish differential cell growth, and investigate drug mechanism of action by analyzing time- and dose-dependent drug effects. The real-time measurements also allowed us to detect cell death immediately (>75% signal decrease within 15 min of digitonin addition), analyze drug potency versus efficacy, and identify cytostatic versus toxic drug effects. We screened an oncology compound library (Z' = 0.7) and identified compounds with varying activity at different time points (1.6% of the library showed activity within 3 h, whereas 35.4% showed a response by 47 h). The assay compared well with orthogonal endpoint cell viability assays and additionally provided data at multiple time points and the opportunity to multiplex assays on the same cells. To test the advantage of time-dependent measurements to direct optimal timing of downstream applications, we used the real-time cell viability assay to determine the ideal time to measure caspase activity by monitoring the onset of cell death and multiplexing a luminescent caspase activation assay on the same test samples.
    MeSH term(s) Antineoplastic Agents/analysis ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cell Survival/physiology ; Computer Systems ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Luminescent Measurements/methods ; Small Molecule Libraries/analysis ; Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Small Molecule Libraries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1557-8127
    ISSN (online) 1557-8127
    DOI 10.1089/adt.2015.669
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Phosphorylation sites of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 regulate its function.

    Duellman, Sarah J / Thompson, Katie L / Coon, Joshua J / Burgess, Richard R

    The Journal of general virology

    2009  Volume 90, Issue Pt 9, Page(s) 2251–2259

    Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and a risk factor for developing a variety of lymphomas and carcinomas. EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is the only viral protein found in all EBV-related malignancies. It plays a ... ...

    Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and a risk factor for developing a variety of lymphomas and carcinomas. EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is the only viral protein found in all EBV-related malignancies. It plays a key role in establishing and maintaining the altered state of cells transformed with EBV. EBNA1 is required for a variety of functions, including gene regulation, replication and maintenance of the viral genome, but the regulation of EBNA1's functions is poorly understood. We demonstrate that phosphorylation affects the functions of EBNA1. By using electron-transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry, ten specific phosphorylated EBNA1 residues were identified. A mutant derivative preventing the phosphorylation of all ten phosphosites retained the unusually long half-life and the ability to translocate into the nucleus of wild-type EBNA1. This phosphorylation-deficient mutant, however, had a significantly reduced ability to activate transcription and to maintain EBV's plasmids in cells.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/chemistry ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/genetics ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/metabolism ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/chemistry ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Transcriptional Activation
    Chemical Substances Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens ; EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (O5GA75RST7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 219316-4
    ISSN 1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
    ISSN (online) 1465-2099
    ISSN 0022-1317
    DOI 10.1099/vir.0.012260-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Antigen-binding properties of monoclonal antibodies reactive with EBNA1 and use in immunoaffinity chromatography.

    Sarah J Duellman / Richard R Burgess

    PLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 2, p e

    2009  Volume 4614

    Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) was overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared that react with EBNA1. Eleven high affinity mAbs were recovered. Nine mAbs are isotype IgG (all ... ...

    Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) was overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared that react with EBNA1. Eleven high affinity mAbs were recovered. Nine mAbs are isotype IgG (all subisotype IgG(1)) and two mAbs are isotype IgM. All mAbs react strongly with EBNA1 in an ELISA assay while only one mAb (designated 1EB6) fails to react in a Western blot assay. The epitopes for these mAbs were mapped to seven different regions, providing good coverage of the entire EBNA1 protein. The mAbs had differing affinity for an EBNA1/DNA complex with four mAbs able to supershift the complex completely. All mAbs can immunoprecipitate EBNA1 from E. coli overexpressing EBNA1. A modified ELISA assay, termed ELISA-elution assay, was used to screen for mAbs that release EBNA1 in the presence of a low molecular weight polyhydroxylated compound (polyol) and a nonchaotropic salt. MAbs with this property, termed polyol-responsive (PR)-mAbs, allow gentle elution of labile proteins and protein complexes. Four mAbs are polyol-responsive with two showing usefulness in gentle immunoaffinity chromatography. Purification with these PR-mAbs may be useful in purifying EBNA1 complexes and elucidating EBNA1-associated proteins. This panel of anti-EBNA1 mAbs will advance the study of EBV by providing new tools to detect and purify EBNA1.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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