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Article ; Online: Updated WHO Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for dioxin-like compounds: methodology, database, and commentary.

Aylward, Lesa L

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

2024 , Page(s) 105600

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	604672-1
ISSN	1096-0295 ; 0273-2300
ISSN (online)	1096-0295
ISSN	0273-2300
DOI	10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105600
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Biomonitoring Equivalents for Molybdenum" [Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 77 (2016) 223-229].

Hays, Sean M / Macey, Kristin / Poddalgoda, Devika / Lu, Ming / Nong, Andy / Aylward, Lesa L

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

2022 Volume 134, Page(s) 105212

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	604672-1
ISSN	1096-0295 ; 0273-2300
ISSN (online)	1096-0295
ISSN	0273-2300
DOI	10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105212
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Article ; Online: Editorial: 2024 - A promising start for regulatory toxicology and pharmacology.

van den Berg, Martin / Aylward, Lesa

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

2024 , Page(s) 105601

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	604672-1
ISSN	1096-0295 ; 0273-2300
ISSN (online)	1096-0295
ISSN	0273-2300
DOI	10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105601
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Article ; Online: Editorial: Looking back and forward.

van den Berg, Martin / Aylward, Lesa

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

2023 Volume 143, Page(s) 105465

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	604672-1
ISSN	1096-0295 ; 0273-2300
ISSN (online)	1096-0295
ISSN	0273-2300
DOI	10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105465
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Article ; Online: Comparison of lipid-normalised concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) between serum and adipose tissue.

Sontag, Nis-Julius / Banks, Andrew P W / Aylward, Lesa L / O'Rourke, Nicholas A / Cavallucci, David J / Mueller, Jochen F / Drage, Daniel S

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

2021 Volume 236, Page(s) 113801

Abstract: Human biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is typically based on serum analysis and for comparison and modelling purposes, data are often normalised to the lipid content of the serum. Such approach assumes a steady state of the compound ... ...

Abstract	Human biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is typically based on serum analysis and for comparison and modelling purposes, data are often normalised to the lipid content of the serum. Such approach assumes a steady state of the compound between the serum lipids and for example lipid-rich adipose tissue. Few published data are available to assess the validity of this assumption. The aim of this study was to measure concentrations of POPs in both serum and adipose tissue samples from 32 volunteers and compare the lipid-normalised concentrations between serum and adipose tissue. For p,p'-DDE, PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180, lipid-normalised adipose tissue concentrations were positively correlated to the respective serum concentrations but generally were more highly concentrated in adipose tissue. These results suggest that the investigated legacy POPs that were consistently found in paired samples may often not be in a steady state between the lipid compartments of the human body. Consequently, the analysis of serum lipids as a surrogate for adipose tissue exposure may more often than not underestimate total body burden of POPs. Further research is warranted to confirm the findings of this study.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene ; Environmental Pollutants ; Humans ; Lipids ; Persistent Organic Pollutants ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants ; Lipids ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene (4M7FS82U08) ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2009176-X
ISSN	1618-131X ; 1438-4639
ISSN (online)	1618-131X
ISSN	1438-4639
DOI	10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113801
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Phthalate esters in face masks and associated inhalation exposure risk.

Wang, Xianyu / Okoffo, Elvis D / Banks, Andrew Pw / Li, Yan / Thomas, Kevin V / Rauert, Cassandra / Aylward, Lesa L / Mueller, Jochen F

Journal of hazardous materials

2021 Volume 423, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 127001

Abstract: This study assessed the composition of single-use face mask materials, quantified the concentration of phthalate esters in masks and evaluated associated inhalation exposure risk. All the mask samples, including 12 surgical and four N95/P1/P2 masks, were ...

Abstract	This study assessed the composition of single-use face mask materials, quantified the concentration of phthalate esters in masks and evaluated associated inhalation exposure risk. All the mask samples, including 12 surgical and four N95/P1/P2 masks, were identified to be made of polypropylene, with polyethylene terephthalate present in the N95/P1/P2 masks. Di-methyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-ethyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were frequently detected and their concentration summed up 55 ± 35 ~ 1700 ± 140 ng per surgical mask and 2300 ± 150 ~ 5200 ± 800 ng per N95/P1/P2 mask. Our simulation experiment suggested a mean loss of 13 - 71% of phthalate mass depending on compounds, during 5-hour wearing of these masks. This resulted in an estimated daily intake of individual compounds no higher than 20 ng/kg/day for adults and 120 ng/kg/day for toddlers, which were at least 80 times lower compared to relevant tolerable daily intake values. Two interventional trials were conducted where a volunteer wore a mask for four hours and urine samples were collected before and after the mask wearing. No obvious increase was observed for the urinary concentration of any phthalate metabolite, indicating minimal contribution to overall exposure to phthalate esters.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Environmental Pollutants ; Esters ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/analysis ; Masks ; Phthalic Acids
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants ; Esters ; Phthalic Acids ; Dibutyl Phthalate (2286E5R2KE) ; phthalic acid (6O7F7IX66E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Phthalate esters in face masks and associated inhalation exposure risk

Wang, Xianyu / Okoffo, Elvis D. / Banks, Andrew PW / Li, Yan / Thomas, Kevin V. / Rauert, Cassandra / Aylward, Lesa L. / Mueller, Jochen F.

Journal of hazardous materials. 2022 Feb. 05, v. 423

2022

Abstract	This study assessed the composition of single-use face mask materials, quantified the concentration of phthalate esters in masks and evaluated associated inhalation exposure risk. All the mask samples, including 12 surgical and four N95/P1/P2 masks, were identified to be made of polypropylene, with polyethylene terephthalate present in the N95/P1/P2 masks. Di-methyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-ethyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were frequently detected and their concentration summed up 55 ± 35 ~ 1700 ± 140 ng per surgical mask and 2300 ± 150 ~ 5200 ± 800 ng per N95/P1/P2 mask. Our simulation experiment suggested a mean loss of 13 – 71% of phthalate mass depending on compounds, during 5-hour wearing of these masks. This resulted in an estimated daily intake of individual compounds no higher than 20 ng/kg/day for adults and 120 ng/kg/day for toddlers, which were at least 80 times lower compared to relevant tolerable daily intake values. Two interventional trials were conducted where a volunteer wore a mask for four hours and urine samples were collected before and after the mask wearing. No obvious increase was observed for the urinary concentration of any phthalate metabolite, indicating minimal contribution to overall exposure to phthalate esters.
Keywords	average daily intake ; dibutyl phthalate ; face ; face masks ; inhalation exposure ; metabolites ; polyethylene terephthalates ; polypropylenes ; risk ; urine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0205
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127001
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Associations between serum perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) concentrations and health related biomarkers in firefighters

Nilsson, Sandra / Smurthwaite, Kayla / Aylward, Lesa L. / Kay, Margaret / Toms, Leisa-Maree / King, Leisa / Marrington, Shelby / Kirk, Martyn D. / Mueller, Jochen F. / Bräunig, Jennifer

Environmental research. 2022 Sept. 15,

2022

Abstract: ... cholesterol (β:0.111, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.026, 0.195 mmol/L) and LDL-cholesterol (β: 0.104, CI:0 ... 03, 0.178 mmol/L) Doubling in PFOA concentration, despite not being elevated in the study population ... 016 mmol/L) and thyroid function marker TSH (e.g., β: 0.087, CI: 0.014, 0.161 mIU/L). PFAAs were not ...

Abstract	Firefighters who used aqueous film forming foam in the past have experienced elevated exposures to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). The objective of this study was to examine the associations between clinical chemistry endpoints and serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in firefighters. Multiple linear regression was used to assess relationships between PFAAs serum concentrations and biochemical markers for cardiovascular disease, kidney-, liver- and thyroid function, in a cross-sectional survey of 783 firefighters with elevated levels of PFHxS, PFHpS and PFOS in relation to the most recently reported levels in the general Australian population. Linear logistic regression was used to assess the odds ratios for selected self-reported health outcomes. Repeated measures linear mixed models were used to assess relationships between PFAAs and biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and kidney function longitudinally in a subset of the firefighters (n = 130) where serum measurements were available from two timepoints, five years apart. In the cross-sectional analysis, higher levels of all PFAAs were significantly associated with higher levels of biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (total-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol). For example, doubling in PFOS serum concentration were associated with increases in total cholesterol (β:0.111, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.026, 0.195 mmol/L) and LDL-cholesterol (β: 0.104, CI:0.03, 0.178 mmol/L) Doubling in PFOA concentration, despite not being elevated in the study population, were additionally positively associated with kidney function marker urate (e.g., β: 0.010, CI; 0.004, 0.016 mmol/L) and thyroid function marker TSH (e.g., β: 0.087, CI: 0.014, 0.161 mIU/L). PFAAs were not associated with any assessed self-reported health conditions. No significant relationships were observed in the longitudinal analysis. Findings support previous studies, particularly on the association between PFAAs and serum lipids.
Keywords	biomarkers ; blood serum ; cardiovascular diseases ; chemistry ; confidence interval ; cross-sectional studies ; foams ; longitudinal studies ; low density lipoprotein cholesterol ; perfluorohexane sulfonic acid ; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid ; perfluorooctanoic acid ; regression analysis ; renal function ; research ; sulfonates ; thyroid function
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0915
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.114370
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Biomonitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in firefighters: Study design and lessons learned from stakeholder and participant engagement.

Nilsson, Sandra / Smurthwaite, Kayla / Aylward, Lesa L / Kay, Margaret / Toms, Leisa-Maree / King, Leisa / Marrington, Shelby / Hobson, Peter / Barnes, Craig / Rotander, Anna / Kirk, Martyn D / Mueller, Jochen F / Braeunig, Jennifer

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

2022 Volume 242, Page(s) 113966

Abstract: Firefighters may be occupationally exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) through Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF), smoke, dust and turnout gear, in addition to other background exposure sources. Epidemiological assessment of PFAS ... ...

Abstract	Firefighters may be occupationally exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) through Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF), smoke, dust and turnout gear, in addition to other background exposure sources. Epidemiological assessment of PFAS exposure in an occupational cohort of firefighting staff commenced in 2013-2014, following cessation of PFAS-based AFFF in Australian aviation. Here we present the study design and methodology of a follow-up study conducted in 2018-2019. We focus on our experiences engaging with stakeholders and participants with the establishment of an inclusive study group and highlight the key lessons learned from implementing a co-design process in the study. The study included a cross-sectional assessment of blood serum concentrations of 40 PFASs, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and 14 health-related biomarkers in 799 current and former Aviation Rescue Firefighting Services employees. A large proportion (87%) of the participants from the preliminary exposure study in 2013-2014 were re-recruited in the follow-up study. This enabled further longitudinal analyses in this subset of 130 participants. Participants included employees from different work roles and timeframes, reflecting the periods when three different firefighting foams were utilised in Australia. Establishment of a collaborative and inclusive study group (including stakeholders and participants) contributed to several components of the study design, including the expansion of robust analytical quality assurance and control measurements, and tailoring of communication and dissemination strategies. These outcomes were key factors that improved transparency of the research design, methods and results. Additionally, implementing elements of co-design helped build trust between researchers and participants, which is an important consideration for studies funded by stakeholders related to the exposure source.
MeSH term(s)	Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Australia ; Biological Monitoring ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Firefighters ; Fluorocarbons ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Research Design ; Water
Chemical Substances	Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Fluorocarbons ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2009176-X
ISSN	1618-131X ; 1438-4639
ISSN (online)	1618-131X
ISSN	1438-4639
DOI	10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113966
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Article ; Online: Associations between serum perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) concentrations and health related biomarkers in firefighters.

Nilsson, Sandra / Smurthwaite, Kayla / Aylward, Lesa L / Kay, Margaret / Toms, Leisa-Maree / King, Leisa / Marrington, Shelby / Kirk, Martyn D / Mueller, Jochen F / Bräunig, Jennifer

Environmental research

2022 Volume 215, Issue Pt 3, Page(s) 114370

Abstract: ... cholesterol (β:0.111, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.026, 0.195 mmol/L) and LDL-cholesterol (β: 0.104, 95 ... CI:0.03, 0.178 mmol/L). Doubling in PFOA concentration, despite not being elevated in the study ... 0.004, 0.016 mmol/L) and thyroid function marker TSH (e.g., β: 0.087, 95%CI: 0.014, 0.161 mIU/L ...

Abstract	Objectives: Firefighters who used aqueous film forming foam in the past have experienced elevated exposures to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). The objective of this study was to examine the associations between clinical chemistry endpoints and serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in firefighters. Multiple linear regression was used to assess relationships between PFAA serum concentrations and biochemical markers for cardiovascular disease, kidney-, liver- and thyroid function, in a cross-sectional survey of 783 firefighters with elevated levels of PFHxS, PFHpS and PFOS in relation to the most recently reported levels in the general Australian population. Linear logistic regression was used to assess the odds ratios for selected self-reported health outcomes. Repeated measures linear mixed models were further used to assess relationships between PFAAs and biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and kidney function longitudinally in a subset of the firefighters (n = 130) where serum measurements were available from two timepoints, five years apart. In the cross-sectional analysis, higher levels of all PFAAs were significantly associated with higher levels of biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (total-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol). For example, doubling in PFOS serum concentration were associated with increases in total cholesterol (β:0.111, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.026, 0.195 mmol/L) and LDL-cholesterol (β: 0.104, 95%CI:0.03, 0.178 mmol/L). Doubling in PFOA concentration, despite not being elevated in the study population, were additionally positively associated with kidney function marker urate (e.g., β: 0.010, 95%CI; 0.004, 0.016 mmol/L) and thyroid function marker TSH (e.g., β: 0.087, 95%CI: 0.014, 0.161 mIU/L). PFAAs were not associated with any assessed self-reported health conditions. No significant relationships were observed in the longitudinal analysis. Findings support previous studies, particularly on the association between PFAAs and serum lipids.
MeSH term(s)	Alkanesulfonates ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Australia ; Biomarkers ; Caprylates ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Pollutants ; Firefighters ; Fluorocarbons ; Humans ; Thyrotropin ; Uric Acid
Chemical Substances	Alkanesulfonates ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Biomarkers ; Caprylates ; Environmental Pollutants ; Fluorocarbons ; Uric Acid (268B43MJ25) ; Thyrotropin (9002-71-5) ; perfluorooctanoic acid (947VD76D3L) ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (9H2MAI21CL) ; perflexane (FX3WJ41CMX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.114370
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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