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Article ; Online: Titers of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Are Independent of Symptoms of Non-Severe COVID-19 in Young Adults.

Jonsdottir, Hulda R / Bielecki, Michel / Siegrist, Denise / Buehrer, Thomas W / Züst, Roland / Deuel, Jeremy W

2021 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: Neutralizing antibodies are an important part of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. It is currently unclear to what extent such antibodies are produced after non-severe disease or asymptomatic infection. We studied a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 ... ...

Abstract	Neutralizing antibodies are an important part of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. It is currently unclear to what extent such antibodies are produced after non-severe disease or asymptomatic infection. We studied a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections among a homogeneous population of 332 predominantly male Swiss soldiers and determined the neutralizing antibody response with a serum neutralization assay using a recombinant SARS-CoV-2-GFP. All patients with non-severe COVID-19 showed a swift humoral response within two weeks after the onset of symptoms, which remained stable for the duration of the study. One month after the outbreak, titers in COVID-19 convalescents did not differ from the titers of asymptomatically infected individuals. Furthermore, symptoms of COVID-19 did not correlate with neutralizing antibody titers. Therefore, we conclude that asymptomatic infection can induce the same humoral immunity as non-severe COVID-19 in young adults.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Asymptomatic Infections ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Neutralization Tests ; Switzerland/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13020284
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Body temperature screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infected young adult travellers is ineffective.

Bielecki, Michel / Crameri, Giovanni Andrea Gerardo / Schlagenhauf, Patricia / Buehrer, Thomas Werner / Deuel, Jeremy Werner

Travel medicine and infectious disease

2020 Volume 37, Page(s) 101832

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2170891-5
ISSN	1873-0442 ; 1477-8939
ISSN (online)	1873-0442
ISSN	1477-8939
DOI	10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101832
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Article ; Online: Reduced maximal aerobic capacity after COVID-19 in young adult recruits, Switzerland, May 2020.

Crameri, Giovanni Andrea Gerardo / Bielecki, Michel / Züst, Roland / Buehrer, Thomas Werner / Stanga, Zeno / Deuel, Jeremy Werner

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

2020 Volume 25, Issue 36

Abstract: In March 2020, we observed an outbreak of COVID-19 among a relatively homogenous group of 199 young (median age 21 years; 87% men) Swiss recruits. By comparing physical endurance before and in median 45 days after the outbreak, we found a significant ... ...

Abstract	In March 2020, we observed an outbreak of COVID-19 among a relatively homogenous group of 199 young (median age 21 years; 87% men) Swiss recruits. By comparing physical endurance before and in median 45 days after the outbreak, we found a significant decrease in predicted maximal aerobic capacity in COVID-19 convalescent but not in asymptomatically infected and SARS-CoV-2 naive recruits. This finding might be indicative of lung injury after apparently mild COVID-19 in young adults.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Asymptomatic Infections ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Convalescence ; Coronavirus/genetics ; Coronavirus/isolation & purification ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Exercise/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Injury/etiology ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Oxygen Consumption ; Pandemics ; Physical Endurance/immunology ; Physical Endurance/physiology ; Physical Fitness ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Switzerland/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-24
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1338803-4
ISSN	1560-7917 ; 1025-496X
ISSN (online)	1560-7917
ISSN	1025-496X
DOI	10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.36.2001542
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Zs.A 5066: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions in lowering the viral inoculum to reduce susceptibility to infection by SARS-CoV-2 and potentially disease severity.

Spinelli, Matthew A / Glidden, David V / Gennatas, Efstathios D / Bielecki, Michel / Beyrer, Chris / Rutherford, George / Chambers, Henry / Goosby, Eric / Gandhi, Monica

The Lancet. Infectious diseases

2021 Volume 21, Issue 9, Page(s) e296–e301

Abstract: Adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been highly variable across settings, particularly in the USA. In this Personal View, we review data supporting ... ...

Abstract	Adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been highly variable across settings, particularly in the USA. In this Personal View, we review data supporting the importance of the viral inoculum (the dose of viral particles from an infected source over time) in increasing the probability of infection in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and sexually transmitted viral infections in humans. We also review the available evidence linking the relationship of the viral inoculum to disease severity. Non-pharmaceutical interventions might reduce the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing the viral inoculum when there is exposure to an infectious source. Data from physical sciences research suggest that masks protect the wearer by filtering virus from external sources, and others by reducing expulsion of virus by the wearer. Social distancing, handwashing, and improved ventilation also reduce the exposure amount of viral particles from an infectious source. Maintaining and increasing non-pharmaceutical interventions can help to quell SARS-CoV-2 as we enter the second year of the pandemic. Finally, we argue that even as safe and effective vaccines are being rolled out, non-pharmaceutical interventions will continue to play an essential role in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 transmission until equitable and widespread vaccine administration has been completed.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Masks/virology ; Physical Distancing ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Ventilation ; Virus Diseases/prevention & control ; Virus Diseases/transmission
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2061641-7
ISSN	1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
ISSN (online)	1474-4457
ISSN	1473-3099
DOI	10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30982-8
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Zs.A 5743: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Comparison of analytical sensitivity and efficiency for SARS-CoV-2 primer sets by TaqMan-based and SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR.

Tao, Yile / Yue, Yang / Qiu, Guangyu / Ji, Zheng / Spillman, Martin / Gai, Zhibo / Chen, Qingfa / Bielecki, Michel / Huber, Michael / Trkola, Alexandra / Wang, Qiyuan / Cao, Junji / Wang, Jing

Applied microbiology and biotechnology

2022 Volume 106, Issue 5-6, Page(s) 2207–2218

Abstract: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten public health. For developing countries where vaccines are still in shortage, cheaper alternative molecular methods for SARS-CoV-2 identification can be crucial to prevent the next ...

Abstract	The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten public health. For developing countries where vaccines are still in shortage, cheaper alternative molecular methods for SARS-CoV-2 identification can be crucial to prevent the next wave. Therefore, 14 primer sets recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) was evaluated on testing both clinical patient and environmental samples with the gold standard diagnosis method, TaqMan-based RT-qPCR, and a cheaper alternative method, SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR. Using suitable primer sets, such as ORF1ab, 2019_nCoV_N1 and 2019_nCoV_N3, the performance of the SYBR Green approach was comparable or better than the TaqMan approach, even when considering the newly dominating or emerging variants, including Delta, Eta, Kappa, Lambda, Mu, and Omicron. ORF1ab and 2019_nCoV_N3 were the best combination for sensitive and reliable SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostics due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and broad accessibility. KEY POINTS: • With suitable primer sets, the SYBR Green method performs better than the TaqMan one. • With suitable primer sets, both methods should still detect the new variants well. • ORF1ab and 2019_nCoV_N3 were the best combination for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
MeSH term(s)	Benzothiazoles ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Diamines ; Humans ; Quinolines ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Chemical Substances	Benzothiazoles ; Diamines ; Quinolines ; RNA, Viral ; SYBR Green I (163795-75-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392453-1
ISSN	1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
ISSN (online)	1432-0614
ISSN	0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
DOI	10.1007/s00253-022-11822-4
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Zs.A 2229: Show issues

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Article: Body temperature screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infected young adult travellers is ineffective

Bielecki, Michel / Crameri, Giovanni Andrea Gerardo / Schlagenhauf, Patricia / Buehrer, Thomas Werner / Deuel, Jeremy Werner

Travel Med Infect Dis

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #693782
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Social Distancing Alters the Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Young Adults: A Comparative Cohort Study.

Bielecki, Michel / Züst, Roland / Siegrist, Denise / Meyerhofer, Daniele / Crameri, Giovanni Andrea Gerardo / Stanga, Zeno / Stettbacher, Andreas / Buehrer, Thomas Werner / Deuel, Jeremy Werner

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2020 Volume 72, Issue 4, Page(s) 598–603

Abstract: Background: Social distancing and stringent hygiene seem to be effective in reducing the number of transmitted virus particles, and therefore the infectivity, of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and could alter the mode of transmission of the disease. ...

Abstract	Background: Social distancing and stringent hygiene seem to be effective in reducing the number of transmitted virus particles, and therefore the infectivity, of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and could alter the mode of transmission of the disease. However, it is not known if such practices can change the clinical course in infected individuals. Methods: We prospectively studied an outbreak of COVID-19 in Switzerland among a population of 508 predominantly male soldiers with a median age of 21 years. We followed the number of infections in 2 spatially separated cohorts with almost identical baseline characteristics with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before and after implementation of stringent social distancing. Results: Of the 354 soldiers infected prior to the implementation of social distancing, 30% fell ill from COVID-19, while no soldier in a group of 154, in which infections appeared after implementation of social distancing, developed COVID-19 despite the detection of viral RNA in the nasal and virus-specific antibodies within this group. Conclusions: Social distancing not only can slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of young, healthy adults but it can also prevent the outbreak of COVID-19 while still inducing an immune response and colonizing nasal passages. Viral inoculum during infection or mode of transmission may be a key factor determining the clinical course of COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19 ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Distancing ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Switzerland/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciaa889
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Article ; Online: Body temperature screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infected young adult travellers is ineffective

Bielecki, Michel / Crameri, Giovanni Andrea Gerardo / Schlagenhauf, Patricia / Buehrer, Thomas Werner / Deuel, Jeremy Werner

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

2020 Volume 37, Page(s) 101832

Keywords	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2170891-5
ISSN	1873-0442 ; 1477-8939
ISSN (online)	1873-0442
ISSN	1477-8939
DOI	10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101832
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Article ; Online: Reprint of: Air travel and COVID-19 prevention in the pandemic and peri-pandemic period: A narrative review.

Bielecki, Michel / Patel, Dipti / Hinkelbein, Jochen / Komorowski, Matthieu / Kester, John / Ebrahim, Shahul / Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J / Memish, Ziad A / Schlagenhauf, Patricia

Travel medicine and infectious disease

2020 Volume 38, Page(s) 101939

Abstract: Air travel during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging for travellers, airlines, airports, health authorities, and governments. We reviewed multiple aspects of COVID peri-pandemic air travel, including data on traveller numbers, peri-flight prevention, ... ...

Abstract	Air travel during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging for travellers, airlines, airports, health authorities, and governments. We reviewed multiple aspects of COVID peri-pandemic air travel, including data on traveller numbers, peri-flight prevention, and testing recommendations and in-flight SARS-CoV-2 transmission, photo-epidemiology of mask use, the pausing of air travel to mass gathering events, and quarantine measures and their effectiveness. Flights are reduced by 43% compared to 2019. Hygiene measures, mask use, and distancing are effective, while temperature screening has been shown to be unreliable. Although the risk of in-flight transmission is considered to be very low, estimated at one case per 27 million travellers, confirmed in-flight cases have been published. Some models exist and predict minimal risk but fail to consider human behavior and airline procedures variations. Despite aircraft high-efficiency filtering, there is some evidence that passengers within two rows of an index case are at higher risk. Air travel to mass gatherings should be avoided. Antigen testing is useful but impaired by time lag to results. Widespread application of solutions such as saliva-based, rapid testing or even detection with the help of "sniffer dogs" might be the way forward. The "traffic light system" for traveling, recently introduced by the Council of the European Union is a first step towards normalization of air travel. Quarantine of travellers may delay introduction or re-introduction of the virus, or may delay the peak of transmission, but the effect is small and there is limited evidence. New protocols detailing on-arrival, rapid testing and tracing are indicated to ensure that restricted movement is pragmatically implemented. Guidelines from airlines are non-transparent. Most airlines disinfect their flights and enforce wearing masks and social distancing to a certain degree. A layered approach of non-pharmaceutical interventions, screening and testing procedures, implementation and adherence to distancing, hygiene measures and mask use at airports, in-flight and throughout the entire journey together with pragmatic post-flight testing and tracing are all effective measures that can be implemented. Ongoing research and systematic review are indicated to provide evidence on the utility of preventive measures and to help answer the question "is it safe to fly?".
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2170891-5
ISSN	1873-0442 ; 1477-8939
ISSN (online)	1873-0442
ISSN	1477-8939
DOI	10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101939
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Article ; Online: Air travel and COVID-19 prevention in the pandemic and peri-pandemic period: A narrative review.

Bielecki, Michel / Patel, Dipti / Hinkelbein, Jochen / Komorowski, Matthieu / Kester, John / Ebrahim, Shahul / Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J / Memish, Ziad A / Schlagenhauf, Patricia

Travel medicine and infectious disease

2020 Volume 39, Page(s) 101915

Abstract	Air travel during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging for travellers, airlines, airports, health authorities, and governments. We reviewed multiple aspects of COVID peri-pandemic air travel, including data on traveller numbers, peri-flight prevention, and testing recommendations and in-flight SARS-CoV-2 transmission, photo-epidemiology of mask use, the pausing of air travel to mass gathering events, and quarantine measures and their effectiveness. Flights are reduced by 43% compared to 2019. Hygiene measures, mask use, and distancing are effective, while temperature screening has been shown to be unreliable. Although the risk of in-flight transmission is considered to be very low, estimated at one case per 27 million travellers, confirmed in-flight cases have been published. Some models exist and predict minimal risk but fail to consider human behavior and airline procedures variations. Despite aircraft high-efficiency filtering, there is some evidence that passengers within two rows of an index case are at higher risk. Air travel to mass gatherings should be avoided. Antigen testing is useful but impaired by time lag to results. Widespread application of solutions such as saliva-based, rapid testing or even detection with the help of "sniffer dogs" might be the way forward. The "traffic light system" for traveling, recently introduced by the Council of the European Union is a first step towards normalization of air travel. Quarantine of travellers may delay introduction or re-introduction of the virus, or may delay the peak of transmission, but the effect is small and there is limited evidence. New protocols detailing on-arrival, rapid testing and tracing are indicated to ensure that restricted movement is pragmatically implemented. Guidelines from airlines are non-transparent. Most airlines disinfect their flights and enforce wearing masks and social distancing to a certain degree. A layered approach of non-pharmaceutical interventions, screening and testing procedures, implementation and adherence to distancing, hygiene measures and mask use at airports, in-flight and throughout the entire journey together with pragmatic post-flight testing and tracing are all effective measures that can be implemented. Ongoing research and systematic review are indicated to provide evidence on the utility of preventive measures and to help answer the question "is it safe to fly?".
MeSH term(s)	Air Travel/statistics & numerical data ; Aircraft ; Airports ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Communicable Disease Control/standards ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Travel Medicine/organization & administration ; Travel Medicine/standards
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2170891-5
ISSN	1873-0442 ; 1477-8939
ISSN (online)	1873-0442
ISSN	1477-8939
DOI	10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101915
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