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  1. Article ; Online: Rift Valley Fever.

    Kimble, J Brian / Noronha, Leela / Trujillo, Jessie D / Mitzel, Dana / Richt, Juergen A / Wilson, William C

    The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice

    2024  

    Abstract: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and buffaloes. Rift valley fever virus (RVFV), the causative agent of RVF, can also infect humans. RVFV is an arthropod- ... ...

    Abstract Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and buffaloes. Rift valley fever virus (RVFV), the causative agent of RVF, can also infect humans. RVFV is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that is primarily spread through the bites of infected mosquitoes or exposure to infected blood. RVFV was first isolated and characterized in the Rift Valley of Kenya in 1931 and is endemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa, including Comoros and Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia and Yemen), and Mayotte.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 286086-7
    ISSN 1558-4240 ; 0749-0720
    ISSN (online) 1558-4240
    ISSN 0749-0720
    DOI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2024.01.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV-2 MA10 Strain Displays Differential Pulmonary Tropism and Accelerated Viral Replication, Neurodissemination, and Pulmonary Host Responses in K18-hACE2 Mice.

    Thieulent, Côme J / Dittmar, Wellesley / Balasuriya, Udeni B R / Crossland, Nicholas A / Wen, Xue / Richt, Juergen A / Carossino, Mariano

    mSphere

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) e0055822

    Abstract: Several models were developed to study the pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as ... ...

    Abstract Several models were developed to study the pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as the
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Humans ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/pathology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics ; Pandemics ; Lung/pathology ; Virus Replication ; Mice, Transgenic ; Tropism
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; K-18 conjugate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 2379-5042
    ISSN (online) 2379-5042
    DOI 10.1128/msphere.00558-22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Evolution of Diagnostic Tests for Chronic Wasting Disease, a Naturally Occurring Prion Disease of Cervids.

    Haley, Nicholas J / Richt, Jürgen A

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2017  Volume 6, Issue 3

    Abstract: Since chronic wasting disease (CWD) was first identified nearly 50 years ago in a captive mule deer herd in the Rocky Mountains of the United States, it has slowly spread across North America through the natural and anthropogenic movement of cervids and ... ...

    Abstract Since chronic wasting disease (CWD) was first identified nearly 50 years ago in a captive mule deer herd in the Rocky Mountains of the United States, it has slowly spread across North America through the natural and anthropogenic movement of cervids and their carcasses. As the endemic areas have expanded, so has the need for rapid, sensitive, and cost effective diagnostic tests-especially those which take advantage of samples collected antemortem. Over the past two decades, strategies have evolved from the recognition of microscopic spongiform pathology and associated immunohistochemical staining of the misfolded prion protein to enzyme-linked immunoassays capable of detecting the abnormal prion conformer in postmortem samples. In a history that parallels the diagnosis of more conventional infectious agents, both qualitative and real-time amplification assays have recently been developed to detect minute quantities of misfolded prions in a range of biological and environmental samples. With these more sensitive and semi-quantitative approaches has come a greater understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this disease in the native host. Because the molecular pathogenesis of prion protein misfolding is broadly analogous to the misfolding of other pathogenic proteins, including Aβ and α-synuclein, efforts are currently underway to apply these in vitro amplification techniques towards the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other proteinopathies. Chronic wasting disease-once a rare disease of Colorado mule deer-now represents one of the most prevalent prion diseases, and should serve as a model for the continued development and implementation of novel diagnostic strategies for protein misfolding disorders in the natural host.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens6030035
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Gene editing of pigs to control influenza A virus infections.

    Kwon, Taeyong / Artiaga, Bianca L / McDowell, Chester D / Whitworth, Kristin M / Wells, Kevin D / Prather, Randall S / Delhon, Gustavo / Cigan, Mark / White, Stephen N / Retallick, Jamie / Gaudreault, Natasha N / Morozov, Igor / Richt, Juergen A

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Proteolytic activation of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein by host cellular proteases is pivotal for influenza A virus (IAV) infectivity. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses possess the multibasic cleavage site of the HA which is cleaved by ... ...

    Abstract Proteolytic activation of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein by host cellular proteases is pivotal for influenza A virus (IAV) infectivity. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses possess the multibasic cleavage site of the HA which is cleaved by ubiquitous proteases, such as furin; in contrast, the monobasic HA motif is recognized and activated by trypsin-like proteases, such as the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Here, we aimed to determine the effects of TMPRSS2 on the replication of pandemic H1N1 and H3N2 subtype IAVs in the natural host, the pig. The use of the CRISPR/Cas 9 system led to the establishment of homozygous gene edited (GE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.01.15.575771
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Raccoons accumulate PrP

    Moore, S Jo / Smith, Jodi D / Richt, Jürgen A / Greenlee, Justin J

    Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc

    2019  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 200–209

    Abstract: Prion diseases are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of misfolded prion protein ( ... ...

    Abstract Prion diseases are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrP
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Brain ; Deer ; Disease Susceptibility ; Mink ; PrPSc Proteins/metabolism ; Prion Diseases/metabolism ; Prion Diseases/veterinary ; Raccoons ; Sheep ; Wasting Disease, Chronic/etiology ; Wasting Disease, Chronic/metabolism
    Chemical Substances PrPSc Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 287603-6
    ISSN 1943-4936 ; 1040-6387
    ISSN (online) 1943-4936
    ISSN 1040-6387
    DOI 10.1177/1040638718825290
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Seropositive Bactrian Camels, Mongolia.

    Bold, Dashzeveg / van Doremalen, Neeltje / Myagmarsuren, Odonchimeg / Zayat, Batsukh / Munster, Vincent J / Richt, Juergen A

    Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 128–131

    Abstract: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic disease that was first identified in humans in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoV causes acute and severe respiratory disease in humans. The mortality rate of MERS in humans is ∼35% and > ... ...

    Abstract Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic disease that was first identified in humans in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoV causes acute and severe respiratory disease in humans. The mortality rate of MERS in humans is ∼35% and >800 deaths have been reported globally as of August 2020. Dromedary camels are a natural host of the virus and the source of zoonotic human infection. In experimental studies, Bactrian camels are susceptible to MERS-CoV infection similar to dromedary camels; however, neither the virus, viral RNA, nor virus-specific antibodies were detected in Bactrian camel field samples so far. The aim of our study was to survey Mongolian camels for MERS-CoV-specific antibodies. A total of 180 camel sera, collected in 2016 and 2017, were involved in this survey: 17 of 180 sera were seropositive with an initial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test performed at the State Central Veterinary Laboratory in Mongolia. These 17 positive sera plus 53 additional negative sera were sent to the Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID/NIH, and tested for the presence of antibodies with a similar ELISA, an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and a virus neutralization test (VNT). In these additional tests, a total of 21 of 70 sera were positive with ELISA and 10 sera were positive with IFA; however, none was positive in the VNT. Based on these results, we hypothesize that the ELISA/IFA-positive antibodies are (1) non-neutralizing antibodies or (2) directed against a MERS-CoV-like virus circulating in Bactrian camels in Mongolia.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Camelus/virology ; Disease Reservoirs/virology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/isolation & purification ; Mongolia ; Seroepidemiologic Studies
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2047199-3
    ISSN 1557-7759 ; 1530-3667
    ISSN (online) 1557-7759
    ISSN 1530-3667
    DOI 10.1089/vbz.2020.2669
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Regulatory T Cell-like Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Jamaican Fruit Bats (

    Burke, Bradly / Rocha, Savannah M / Zhan, Shijun / Eckley, Miles / Reasoner, Clara / Addetia, Amin / Lewis, Juliette / Fagre, Anna / Charley, Phillida / Richt, Juergen A / Weiss, Susan R / Tjalkens, Ronald B / Veesler, David / Aboellail, Tawfik / Schountz, Tony

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Insectivorous Old World horseshoe bats ( : Author summary: Bats are reservoir hosts of many viruses that infect humans, yet little is known about how they host these viruses, principally because of a lack of relevant and susceptible bat experimental ... ...

    Abstract Insectivorous Old World horseshoe bats (
    Author summary: Bats are reservoir hosts of many viruses that infect humans, yet little is known about how they host these viruses, principally because of a lack of relevant and susceptible bat experimental infection models. Although SARS-CoV-2 originated in bats, no robust infection models of bats have been established. We determined that Jamaican fruit bats are poorly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2; however, their lungs can be transduced with human ACE2, which renders them susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Despite robust infection of the lungs and diminishment of pulmonary cellularity, the bats showed no overt signs of disease and cleared the infection after two weeks. Despite clearance of infection, only low-titer antibody responses occurred and only a single bat made neutralizing antibody. Assessment of the CD4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.02.13.528205
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: De novo

    Thakkar, Ravindra / Agarwal, Dilip K / Ranaweera, Chathuranga B / Ishiguro, Susumu / Conda-Sheridan, Martin / Gaudreault, Natasha N / Richt, Juergen A / Tamura, Masaaki / Comer, Jeffrey

    RSC medicinal chemistry

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 9, Page(s) 1722–1733

    Abstract: Although effective vaccines have been developed against SARS-CoV-2, many regions in the world still have low rates of vaccination and new variants with mutations in the viral spike protein have reduced the effectiveness of most available vaccines and ... ...

    Abstract Although effective vaccines have been developed against SARS-CoV-2, many regions in the world still have low rates of vaccination and new variants with mutations in the viral spike protein have reduced the effectiveness of most available vaccines and treatments. There is an urgent need for a drug to cure this disease and prevent infection. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the host cell through protein-protein interaction between the virus's spike protein and the host's angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2). Using protein design software and molecular dynamics simulations, we have designed a 17-residue peptide (pep39), that binds to the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and blocks interaction of spike protein with ACE2. We have confirmed the binding activity of the designed peptide for the original spike protein and the delta variant spike protein using micro-cantilever and bio-layer interferometry (BLI) based methods. We also confirmed that pep39 strongly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 virus replication in Vero E6 cells. Taken together these data suggest that a newly designed spike protein RBD blocking peptide pep39 has a potential as a SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibitor.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2632-8682
    ISSN (online) 2632-8682
    DOI 10.1039/d3md00222e
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Detection of African Swine Fever Virus in

    Craig, Anthony F / Schade-Weskott, Mathilde L / Rametse, Thapelo / Heath, Livio / Kriel, Gideon J P / de Klerk-Lorist, Lin-Mari / van Schalkwyk, Louis / Trujillo, Jessie D / Crafford, Jan E / Richt, Juergen A / Swanepoel, Robert

    Viruses

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 8

    Abstract: We investigated the possibility that sylvatic circulation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in warthogs ... ...

    Abstract We investigated the possibility that sylvatic circulation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in warthogs and
    MeSH term(s) African Swine Fever/diagnosis ; African Swine Fever/epidemiology ; African Swine Fever Virus/genetics ; Animals ; Nucleic Acids ; Ornithodoros ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Swine
    Chemical Substances Nucleic Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v14081617
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Immunization of pigs with replication-incompetent adenovirus-vectored African swine fever virus multi-antigens induced humoral immune responses but no protection following contact challenge.

    Zajac, Michelle D / Trujillo, Jessie D / Yao, Jianxiu / Kumar, Rakshith / Sangewar, Neha / Lokhandwala, Shehnaz / Sang, Huldah / Mallen, Kylynn / McCall, Jayden / Burton, Leeanna / Kumar, Deepak / Heitmann, Emily / Burnum, Tristan / Waghela, Suryakant D / Almes, Kelli / Richt, Juergen / Kim, Tae / Mwangi, Waithaka

    Frontiers in veterinary science

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1208275

    Abstract: Introduction: African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a pathogen of great economic importance given that continues to threaten the pork industry worldwide, but there is no safe vaccine or treatment available. Development of a vaccine is feasible as ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a pathogen of great economic importance given that continues to threaten the pork industry worldwide, but there is no safe vaccine or treatment available. Development of a vaccine is feasible as immunization of pigs with some live attenuated ASFV vaccine candidates can confer protection, but safety concerns and virus scalability are challenges that must to be addressed. Identification of protective ASFV antigens is needed to inform the development of efficacious subunit vaccines.
    Methods: In this study, replication-incompetent adenovirus-vectored multicistronic ASFV antigen expression constructs that covered nearly 100% of the ASFV proteome were generated and validated using ASFV convalescent serum. Swine were immunized with a cocktail of the expression constructs, designated Ad5-ASFV, alone or formulated with either Montanide ISA-201™ (ASFV-ISA-201) or BioMize
    Results: These constructs primed strong B cell responses as judged by anti-pp62-specific IgG responses. Notably, the Ad5-ASFV and the Ad5-ASFV ISA-201, but not the Ad5-ASFV BioMize
    Discussion: Besides the limited sample size used, the outcome suggests that
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2834243-4
    ISSN 2297-1769
    ISSN 2297-1769
    DOI 10.3389/fvets.2023.1208275
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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