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  1. Article ; Online: Changes in sleep duration and disturbances during Covid-19 lockdown and internalizing-externalizing behaviors in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.

    Melegari, Maria Grazia / Ferri, Raffaele / Giallonardo, Martina / Donfrancesco, Renato / Bruni, Oliviero

    Sleep medicine

    2022  Volume 101, Page(s) 183–189

    Abstract: Objective: To examine how changes in sleep patterns and sleep problems occurring between the pre-pandemic and the Covid-19 lockdown period influenced mood-behavioral functioning of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To examine how changes in sleep patterns and sleep problems occurring between the pre-pandemic and the Covid-19 lockdown period influenced mood-behavioral functioning of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
    Methods: Parents of 992 children with ADHD (85.4% boys, mean age: 11.52 years, SD = 3.17), recruited from the Italian ADHD family association, completed a modified version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and filled out 11 emotional behavioral items selected from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 6-18 questionnaire. Subgroups identified based on sleep duration changes ("maintained", "increased", "reduced") and of sleep problems during lockdown ("onset", "remission", "maintained", "no sleep problem") were analyzed to evaluate the association with internalizing and externalizing scores.
    Results: Sleep duration showed no or low influence on internalizing and externalizing behaviors after control for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Patients with ADHD with "no sleep problem" showed significant lower scores in internalizing and externalizing behaviors than those who "maintained" or had "onset" of different sleep problems. The effect sizes were higher for internalizing than externalizing behaviors. Lower internalizing scores were found in those who remitted difficulty in falling asleep, daytime sleepiness, nightmares, vs. the "maintained" or "onset" groups and those who remitted hypnic jerks vs. the "onset" group. Children with ADHD who "maintained" sleep terrors reported higher internalizing and mainly externalizing scores than the other groups.
    Conclusion: Sleep problems negatively influence daytime functioning of patients with ADHD. but mood and behavioral domains show different susceptibility to the changes of sleep problems, and different vulnerability to specific sleep problems.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Child ; Female ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Sleep Duration ; COVID-19/complications ; Communicable Disease Control ; Sleep Wake Disorders/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2012041-2
    ISSN 1878-5506 ; 1389-9457
    ISSN (online) 1878-5506
    ISSN 1389-9457
    DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.11.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Body image distortion: validation of a new scale for children and adolescents.

    Donfrancesco, Renato / DI Roma, Francesca / Chiarilli, Wanda / Melegari, Maria G / Lacerenza, Rosa M / Ferrante, Laura / Villanova, Matteo

    Minerva pediatrics

    2022  

    Abstract: Background: A possible definition of body image is the picture that an individual has of her/his own body, irrespective of how her/his body actually is. Body image is a competence that develops in children similar to many other skills. The aim of this ... ...

    Abstract Background: A possible definition of body image is the picture that an individual has of her/his own body, irrespective of how her/his body actually is. Body image is a competence that develops in children similar to many other skills. The aim of this study was to validate a new rapid 20-items questionnaire to study the body image distortion in children and adolescents: the Strange Sensations Questionnaire (SSQ). A secondary aim was to improve the knowledge about body image distortion and about depersonalization symptoms,and their correlation with possible hallucinations, in children and adolescents, as it can be investigated using a scale.
    Methods: 1557 children and adolescents, balanced for sex and age filled out a new 20-items questionnaire (SSQ) about body image, and a second validated questionnaire about fantasy with a Reality/Unreality distinction subscale to study the relationship with hallucinations (Free Fantasy Questionnaire-FFQ).
    Results: Results showed a good validation of SSQ with three subscales: depersonalization, fragility and other shapes. We found a relative high frequency of proneness to out-of-body experiences. Children of primary school age have a higher mean score than pre-adolescents and adolescents in the total score of all the three subscales of SSG. Adolescents seem to have a significantly higher mean score in Fragility subscale. The mean total score and the mean scores of all the three subscales have a significant correlation with the Reality/Unreality subscale of FFQ.
    Conclusions: SSQ was validated. The research could confirm also the high frequency of body image distortion in developmental age, suggesting the possibility of a specific retardation as a possible origin of some body image distortion disorders. Data also confirm the proneness for hallucination of adolescents with body image distortion.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-15
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3062664-X
    ISSN 2724-5780
    ISSN (online) 2724-5780
    DOI 10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06759-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Sleep paralysis in two children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

    Donfrancesco, Renato / Melegari, Maria G / DI Trani, Michela / Borrelli, Edoardo / Ferri, Raffaele / Bruni, Oliviero

    Minerva pediatrics

    2019  Volume 74, Issue 3, Page(s) 373–374

    MeSH term(s) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications ; Child ; Humans ; Sleep ; Sleep Paralysis ; Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-02
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3062664-X
    ISSN 2724-5780
    ISSN (online) 2724-5780
    DOI 10.23736/S2724-5276.19.05529-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Borna Disease Virus infection in children with psychiatric disorders

    DONFRANCESCO, RENATO

    APMIS. 2008 June., v. 116, suppl. 124

    2008  

    Language English
    Dates of publication 2008-06
    Size p. 80-82.
    Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Publishing place Oxford, UK
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0108-0172 ; 0903-465X ; 0903-4641
    ISSN 0108-0172 ; 0903-465X ; 0903-4641
    DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00m15.x
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Are some cases of sleep paralysis an expression of a dissociative condition? Dramatic resolution of sleep paralysis in an adolescent after administration of aripiprazole.

    Donfrancesco, Renato / Melegari, Maria Grazia / Giua, Eleonora / Bruni, Oliviero

    Sleep medicine

    2016  Volume 32, Page(s) 267–268

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Aripiprazole/therapeutic use ; Dissociative Disorders/complications ; Dissociative Disorders/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Sleep Paralysis/drug therapy ; Sleep Paralysis/etiology
    Chemical Substances Antipsychotic Agents ; Aripiprazole (82VFR53I78)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 2012041-2
    ISSN 1878-5506 ; 1389-9457
    ISSN (online) 1878-5506
    ISSN 1389-9457
    DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.06.039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Ginkgo biloba in dyslexia: a pilot study.

    Donfrancesco, Renato / Ferrante, Laura

    Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

    2007  Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 367–370

    Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to collect preliminary information on the possible efficacy and tolerability of EGb 761 standardized plant extract of Ginkgo biloba as a treatment of dyslexia in school-aged children.: Methods: Fifteen ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study was to collect preliminary information on the possible efficacy and tolerability of EGb 761 standardized plant extract of Ginkgo biloba as a treatment of dyslexia in school-aged children.
    Methods: Fifteen children (5-16 year old) with dyslexia participated in an open-label trial of EGb 761 given as a single morning dose of 80 mg. Standardized tests for dyslexia were administered at baseline and at the end of the study.
    Results: All 15 children completed the trial. The score of the standardized tests for dyslexia decreased. On the list of words the score decreased from mean 4.33 (SD=2.37) at baseline to 2.66 (SD=1.58) at the end of the study (p<0.01), on the list of non-words from mean 3.39 (SD=1.5) at baseline to 2.26 (SD=0.92) at the end of the study (p<0.02) and on the reading piece from mean 3.52 (SD=2.11) to 2.13 (SD=1.25); at the end of the study (p<0.05). At the end of the study 9 children did not perform below the -2 SD on the list of words and 7 on reading text and so they no longer fulfilled the DSM-IV-TR criteria for dyslexia. A brief period of headache was reported by the parents of two children.
    Conclusion: These data suggest that EGb 761 standardized plant extract of Ginkgo biloba has acceptable acute tolerability at single doses up to 80 mg/day and is possibly efficacious in decreasing dyslexia difficulties. The need for a double-blind trial is discussed by the authors.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Dyslexia/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Pilot Projects ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Plant Extracts ; Ginkgo biloba extract (19FUJ2C58T)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1205240-1
    ISSN 1618-095X ; 0944-7113
    ISSN (online) 1618-095X
    ISSN 0944-7113
    DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.05.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Anti-Yo Antibodies in Children With ADHD: First Results About Serum Cytokines.

    Donfrancesco, Renato / Nativio, Paola / Di Benedetto, Angela / Villa, Maria Pia / Andriola, Elda / Melegari, Maria Grazia / Cipriano, Enrica / Di Trani, Michela

    Journal of attention disorders

    2016  Volume 24, Issue 11, Page(s) 1497–1502

    Abstract: Objective: ...

    Abstract Objective:
    MeSH term(s) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Autoantibodies ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies ; Cytokines ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2004350-8
    ISSN 1557-1246 ; 1087-0547
    ISSN (online) 1557-1246
    ISSN 1087-0547
    DOI 10.1177/1087054716643387
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Might the temperament be a bias in clinical study on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?: Novelty Seeking dimension as a core feature of ADHD.

    Donfrancesco, Renato / Di Trani, Michela / Porfirio, Maria Cristina / Giana, Grazia / Miano, Silvia / Andriola, Elda

    Psychiatry research

    2015  Volume 227, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 333–338

    Abstract: Some clinical studies on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been found to overlap those of studies on personality, particularly those on the Novelty Seeking trait (NS) as measured by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI). ...

    Abstract Some clinical studies on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been found to overlap those of studies on personality, particularly those on the Novelty Seeking trait (NS) as measured by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of NS in clinical research on ADHD. We enroled 146 ADHD children (125 boys; mean age=9.61, S.D.=2.50) and 223 age- and gender-matched control children (178 boys; mean age=9.41, S.D.=2.30). All the parents filled in the JTCI for the evaluation of personality according to Cloninger׳s model. An exploratory factor analysis differentiated the NS items that concern "Impulsivity" (NS1) from those that concern other features (NS2). Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVAs) revealed significant differences between ADHD children and non-ADHD children in temperamental dimensions: the scores of ADHD children were higher than those of non-ADHD children in Total NS, NS1-Impulsivity and NS2. Our results show that the NS dimension of the JTCI in ADHD children is higher than in non-ADHD children, even when a correction is made for impulsivity items. This finding suggests that the NS trait plays a central role in ADHD diagnosis even when items referred to impulsivity are removed from the NS scale.
    MeSH term(s) Attention ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Biomedical Research ; Character ; Child ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Male ; Personality ; Personality Disorders ; Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data ; Phenotype ; Temperament
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06-30
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 445361-x
    ISSN 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    ISSN (online) 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
    ISSN 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.02.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Temperamental and character profiles of preschool children with ODD, ADHD, and anxiety disorders.

    Melegari, Maria Grazia / Nanni, Valentina / Lucidi, Fabio / Russo, Paolo M / Donfrancesco, Renato / Cloninger, C Robert

    Comprehensive psychiatry

    2015  Volume 58, Page(s) 94–101

    Abstract: Background: The aim of the present research was to identify profiles of Cloninger's temperament and character dimensions associated with anxiety disorders, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention- deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in ... ...

    Abstract Background: The aim of the present research was to identify profiles of Cloninger's temperament and character dimensions associated with anxiety disorders, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention- deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in preschoolers.
    Method: The parents of 120 children (mean age=4.65 years; S.D.=.88) completed the Preschool Temperament and Character Inventory (PsTCI). The sample consisted of 4 groups (n=30 per group): ADHD, anxious, ODD and control children. To diagnose the different disorders, the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment and Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 was administered to the parents.
    Results: The discriminant analysis showed that three temperamental dimensions (Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking and Persistence) enabled the correct classification of 75% of cases within their own group, which demonstrated an adequate accuracy rate. The ADHD children showed a temperamental profile that was characterized by high Novelty Seeking, low Reward Dependence and low Persistence, while the anxious children obtained high scores in Harm Avoidance. The profiles of the ODD children shared some common features (high Novelty Seeking) with the ADHD children, but the ODD children were characterized by higher Persistence and Harm Avoidance compared with ADHD children.
    Conclusions: The present results indicate that Cloninger's temperamental dimensions allow to differentiate the three most frequent psychiatric disorders in preschoolers.
    MeSH term(s) Anxiety Disorders/complications ; Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis ; Anxiety Disorders/psychology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/complications ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/psychology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Personality Inventory ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Reproducibility of Results ; Temperament
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 127556-2
    ISSN 1532-8384 ; 0010-440X
    ISSN (online) 1532-8384
    ISSN 0010-440X
    DOI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.01.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: The Validation of the Free Fantasy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents: From Imaginary Playmate to "Dreamtime".

    Donfrancesco, Renato / Vezzani, Claudio / Pinto, Giuliana / Bigozzi, Lucia / Dibenedetto, Angela / Melegari, Maria Grazia / Gregori, Paola / Andriola, Elda / Di Roma, Francesca / Renzi, Alessia / Tambelli, Renata / Di Trani, Michela

    Frontiers in psychology

    2019  Volume 10, Page(s) 1343

    Abstract: Fantasy in children is a precocious and important skill. In normal subjects some imaginative events, very close to hallucinations (perception-like experiences), have been found. Therefore, a better knowledge on both fantasy and the difference between ... ...

    Abstract Fantasy in children is a precocious and important skill. In normal subjects some imaginative events, very close to hallucinations (perception-like experiences), have been found. Therefore, a better knowledge on both fantasy and the difference between imagination and the external world is needed. The aims of this study are: (a) to validate a new questionnaire for fantasy in children and adolescents; (b) to test its clinical application in ADHD children. 1.707 participants aged 8-18 years were enrolled: 1557 were recruited from a survey in six schools, whereas 150 participants were recruited in an ADHD Center. They filled out a new questionnaire, the Free Fantasy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, FFQ. Statistical analyses were performed to validate the FFQ and to study five parameters of fantasy. Analyses showed good properties of the FFQ as regards factor structure and reliability. Descriptive analysis showed that: 10% of the adolescents frequently have fantasy with paracosmos and 9.5% sometimes have a fantasy with imaginary relatives. Moreover, in the 64.3% of participants of primary school, in the 34.5% of lower-secondary, and in the 27.4% of upper-secondary school Perception-like experiences, involving invisible but real personages, were found. Quality of fantasy and Lack of control on imagination are correlated with a high score in the Reality/Unreality Dimension and Perception-like experiences. As regards ADHD participants, the 40% of the group showed Perception-like experiences: the 21.66% of them reported a very high score in the dimension Reality/Unreality, have some dissociative symptoms, and the 3.33% presented a clear dissociative identity disorder. All were free from psychosis or neurologic disorders. A new questionnaire to study fantasy in children and adolescents was validated. Many children and adolescents of the general population declared Perception-like experiences. These events seem to be specific, and probably normal, features of the mind; they could be better named as "Dreamtime," whereas only in extreme conditions they could represent a risk for dissociation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01343
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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