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Article ; Online: Global occurrence of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Egbert, Anna Rita / Karpiak, Stephen / Havlik, Richard / Cankurtaran, Sadiye

2023 Volume 166, Page(s) 111145

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of depressive symptoms in a global population of young, middle-aged and older adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Study data also assessed the impact of the social restrictions caused by the pandemic ...

Abstract	Objective: This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of depressive symptoms in a global population of young, middle-aged and older adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Study data also assessed the impact of the social restrictions caused by the pandemic on depressive symptomatology. Methods: A self-administered internet-based survey was completed by 111,225 individuals residing in 176 countries (March-April 2020). We retained: demographic data, depressive symptoms (PHQ8), anxieties specific to the COVID-19, personality traits (Big-Five Personality Questionnaire), comorbidity frequency, health quality, behavioral variables (i,e., staying at home, avoiding social gatherings, social distancing in the past week). Occurrence of depressive symptoms was estimated using standard cut-offs (total PHQ8 score ≥ 10). Hierarchical regression modeling examined correlates of depressive symptoms (PHQ8 score) in three groups stratified by age, i.e., 18-34, 35-54 and 55+ years. Results: Moderate to severe depressive symptoms were present in 27% of young, 15% middle-aged and 9% older adults. Younger age, female gender, not partnered, higher anxiety, and poorer health were associated with elevated depressive symptoms. Staying at home/not attending social gatherings were minor contributors to depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged adults. These were not significant in older adults. Social distancing was a marginal contributor in middle-aged and near significant in older adults, but not significant in young adults. Conclusions: The occurrence of depressive symptoms is decreasing with advancing age. Increased risk of depressive symptoms was associated with being a younger adult, females, single/divorced, poorer health and higher anxiety. In all age groups, the presence of depressive symptoms was greater than global estimates preceding the COVID-19 pandemic. Social restrictions amid the COVID-19 pandemic were marginal risks for depressive symptoms.
MeSH term(s)	Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Adolescent ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80166-5
ISSN	1879-1360 ; 0022-3999
ISSN (online)	1879-1360
ISSN	0022-3999
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111145
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Article: A Framework for Ethical Decision Making in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Anosognosia.

Egbert, Anna Rita

The Journal of clinical ethics

2017 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–66

Abstract: Currently, the number of patients diagnosed with impaired self-awareness of their own deficits after brain injury-anosognosia-is increasing. One reason is a growing understanding of this multifaceted phenomenon. Another is the development and ... ...

Abstract	Currently, the number of patients diagnosed with impaired self-awareness of their own deficits after brain injury-anosognosia-is increasing. One reason is a growing understanding of this multifaceted phenomenon. Another is the development and accessibility of alternative measurements that allow more detailed diagnoses. Anosognosia can adversely affect successful rehabilitation, as often patients lack confidence in the need for treatment. Planning such treatment can become a complex process full of ethical dilemmas. To date, there is no systematic way to deal with different aspects of anosognosia rehabilitation planning. This is the first article to present a framework for ethical decision making in establishing rehabilitation plans that are focused on increasing patients' self-awareness of their own deficits after brain injury. It concentrates especially on addressing the ethical dilemmas that may arise, and describes stepwise procedures that can be applied to distinct theoretical approaches, as well as diagnostic and rehabilitation methods. To show the flexibility of the use of this framework, alternative approaches are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1122655-9
ISSN	1046-7890
ISSN	1046-7890
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Article ; Online: Brain abnormalities in COVID-19 acute/subacute phase: A rapid systematic review.

Egbert, Anna Rita / Cankurtaran, Sadiye / Karpiak, Stephen

Brain, behavior, and immunity

2020 Volume 89, Page(s) 543–554

Abstract: Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize early data on typology and topography of brain abnormalities in adults with COVID-19 in acute/subacute phase.: Methods: We performed systematic literature search via PubMed, Google Scholar and ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize early data on typology and topography of brain abnormalities in adults with COVID-19 in acute/subacute phase. Methods: We performed systematic literature search via PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect on articles published between January 1 and July 05, 2020, using the following strategy and key words: ((covid[Title/Abstract]) OR (sars-cov-2[Title/Abstract]) OR (coronavirus[Title/Abstract])) AND (brain[Title/Abstract]). A total of 286 non-duplicate matches were screened for original contributions reporting brain imaging data related to SARS-Cov-2 presentation in adults. Results: The selection criteria were met by 26 articles (including 21 case reports, and 5 cohort studies). The data analysis in a total of 361 patients revealed that brain abnormalities were noted in 124/361 (34%) reviewed cases. Neurologic symptoms were the primary reason for referral for neuroimaging across the studies. Modalities included CT (-angiogram, -perfusion, -venogram), EEG, MRI (-angiogram, functional), and PET. The most frequently reported brain abnormalities were brain white matter (WM) hyperintensities on MRI 66/124 (53% affected cases) and hypodensities on CT (additional 23% affected cases), followed by microhemorrhages, hemorrhages and infarcts, while other types were found in <5% affected cases. WM abnormalities were most frequently noted in bilateral anterior and posterior cerebral WM (50% affected cases). Conclusion: About a third of acute/subacute COVID-19 patients referred for neuroimaging show brain abnormalities suggestive of COVID-19-related etiology. The predominant neuroimaging features were diffuse cerebral WM hypodensities / hyperintensities attributable to leukoencephalopathy, leukoaraiosis or rarefield WM.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Betacoronavirus ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; COVID-19 ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology ; Cerebral Infarction/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Infarction/etiology ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Leukoaraiosis/diagnostic imaging ; Leukoaraiosis/etiology ; Leukoencephalopathies/diagnostic imaging ; Leukoencephalopathies/etiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	639219-2
ISSN	1090-2139 ; 0889-1591
ISSN (online)	1090-2139
ISSN	0889-1591
DOI	10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.014
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Article ; Online: The laminar pattern of resting state in human cerebral cortex.

Egbert, Anna Rita / Łojek, Emilia / Biswal, Bharat / Pluta, Agnieszka

Magnetic resonance imaging

2020 Volume 76, Page(s) 8–16

Abstract: Resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RS-fMRI) provides the means to measure neuronal activity. One of the most commonly used methods to explore the RS-fMRI signal is the Probabilistic Independent Component Analysis (PICA). PICA allows to ... ...

Abstract	Resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RS-fMRI) provides the means to measure neuronal activity. One of the most commonly used methods to explore the RS-fMRI signal is the Probabilistic Independent Component Analysis (PICA). PICA allows to depict brain functional connectivity (FC) networks. Yet most of the IC maps obtained with this method do not represent any particular FC network. Consequently, those IC maps are classified as artifacts or noise of an unknown source. We hypothesized that the unexplained RS-fMRI signal patterns that are picked up by the PICA can be related to the differences in oxygen metabolism and blood flow in cortical layers. This study aimed at (1) providing preliminary evidence to the effects of laminar organization of neocortex on the RS-fMRI signal, and (2) evaluating the application of laminar maps to aid the classification of IC maps. We created laminar maps 1-4 that depict relative cortical thickness of layers IV and VI. Our data show that the RS-fMRI signal is significantly related to the relative thickness of the cortical layer VI but not layer IV. Importantly, the laminar maps 1-4 overlap with four separate IC maps. Thus, the laminar maps 1-4 improve classification and interpretation of the IC maps. Moreover, the laminar maps 1-4 may be considered as FC networks that are the bridging piece between particular cognitive functions. Together, these data provide preliminary evidence to the fundamental questions about the role of cortical layering in the RS-fMRI signal and brain FC networks.
MeSH term(s)	Artifacts ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Rest/physiology ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604885-7
ISSN	1873-5894 ; 0730-725X
ISSN (online)	1873-5894
ISSN	0730-725X
DOI	10.1016/j.mri.2020.10.013
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Article ; Online: Brain abnormalities in COVID-19 acute/subacute phase

Egbert, Anna Rita / Cankurtaran, Sadiye / Karpiak, Stephen

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

A rapid systematic review

2020 Volume 89, Page(s) 543–554

Keywords	Immunology ; Behavioral Neuroscience ; Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	639219-2
ISSN	0889-1591
ISSN	0889-1591
DOI	10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.014
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Article: Brain abnormalities in COVID-19 acute/subacute phase: A rapid systematic review

Egbert, Anna Rita / Cankurtaran, Sadiye / Karpiak, Stephen

Brain Behav Immun

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to synthesize early data on typology and topography of brain abnormalities in adults with COVID-19 in acute/subacute phase. METHODS: We performed systematic literature search via PubMed, Google Scholar and ... ...

Abstract	OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to synthesize early data on typology and topography of brain abnormalities in adults with COVID-19 in acute/subacute phase. METHODS: We performed systematic literature search via PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect on articles published between January 1 and July 05, 2020, using the following strategy and key words: ((covid[Title/Abstract]) OR (sars-cov-2[Title/Abstract]) OR (coronavirus[Title/Abstract])) AND (brain[Title/Abstract]). A total of 286 non-duplicate matches were screened for original contributions reporting brain imaging data related to SARS-Cov-2 presentation in adults. RESULTS: The selection criteria were met by 26 articles (including 21 case reports, and 5 cohort studies). The data analysis in a total of 361 patients revealed that brain abnormalities were noted in 124/361 (34%) reviewed cases. Neurologic symptoms were the primary reason for referral for neuroimaging across the studies. Modalities included CT (-angiogram, -perfusion, -venogram), EEG, MRI (-angiogram, functional), and PET. The most frequently reported brain abnormalities were brain white matter (WM) hyperintensities on MRI 66/124 (53% affected cases) and hypodensities on CT (additional 23% affected cases), followed by microhemorrhages, hemorrhages and infarcts, while other types were found in <5% affected cases. WM abnormalities were most frequently noted in bilateral anterior and posterior cerebral WM (50% affected cases). CONCLUSION: About a third of acute/subacute COVID-19 patients referred for neuroimaging show brain abnormalities suggestive of COVID-19-related etiology. The predominant neuroimaging features were diffuse cerebral WM hypodensities / hyperintensities attributable to leukoencephalopathy, leukoaraiosis or rarefield WM.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #650648
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Criterion validity of the brief test of adult cognition by telephone (BTACT) for mild traumatic brain injury.

Cairncross, Molly / Gindwani, Hiresh / Rita Egbert, Anna / Torres, Ivan J / Hutchison, James S / Dams O'Connor, Kristen / Panenka, William J / Brubacher, Jeffrey R / Meddings, Louise / Kwan, Lexynn / Yeates, Keith O / Green, Robin / Silverberg, Noah D

Brain injury

2022 Volume 36, Issue 10-11, Page(s) 1228–1236

Abstract: Objectives: There is a growing demand for remote assessment options for measuring cognition after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The current study evaluated the criterion validity of the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) in ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: There is a growing demand for remote assessment options for measuring cognition after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The current study evaluated the criterion validity of the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) in distinguishing between adults with mTBI and trauma controls (TC) who sustained injuries not involving the head or neck. Methods: The BTACT was administered to the mTBI (n = 46) and TC (n = 35) groups at 1-2 weeks post-injury. Participants also completed the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. Results: The BTACT global composite score did not significantly differ between the groups (t(79) = -1.04, p = 0.30); the effect size was small (d = 0.23). In receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the BTACT demonstrated poor accuracy in differentiating between the groups (AUC = 0.567, SE = 0.065, 95% CI [0.44, 0.69]). The BTACT's ability to discriminate between mTBI and TCs did not improve after excluding mTBI participants (n = 15) who denied ongoing cognitive symptoms (AUC = 0.567, SE = 0.072, 95% CI [0.43, 0.71]). Conclusions: The BTACT may lack sensitivity to subacute cognitive impairment attributable to mTBI (i.e., not explained by bodily pain, post-traumatic stress, and other nonspecific effects of injury).
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639115-1
ISSN	1362-301X ; 0269-9052
ISSN (online)	1362-301X
ISSN	0269-9052
DOI	10.1080/02699052.2022.2109744
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Article ; Online: Assessment of Neurocognitive Functions, Olfaction, Taste, Mental, and Psychosocial Health in COVID-19 in Adults: Recommendations for Harmonization of Research and Implications for Clinical Practice.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS

2021 Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 642–660

Abstract: Objective: To propose a set of internationally harmonized procedures and methods for assessing neurocognitive functions, smell, taste, mental, and psychosocial health, and other factors in adults formally diagnosed with COVID-19 (confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 ...

Abstract	Objective: To propose a set of internationally harmonized procedures and methods for assessing neurocognitive functions, smell, taste, mental, and psychosocial health, and other factors in adults formally diagnosed with COVID-19 (confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 + WHO definition). Methods: We formed an international and cross-disciplinary NeuroCOVID Neuropsychology Taskforce in April 2020. Seven criteria were used to guide the selection of the recommendations' methods and procedures: (i) Relevance to all COVID-19 illness stages and longitudinal study design; (ii) Standard, cross-culturally valid or widely available instruments; (iii) Coverage of both direct and indirect causes of COVID-19-associated neurological and psychiatric symptoms; (iv) Control of factors specifically pertinent to COVID-19 that may affect neuropsychological performance; (v) Flexibility of administration (telehealth, computerized, remote/online, face to face); (vi) Harmonization for facilitating international research; (vii) Ease of translation to clinical practice. Results: The three proposed levels of harmonization include a screening strategy with telehealth option, a medium-size computerized assessment with an online/remote option, and a comprehensive evaluation with flexible administration. The context in which each harmonization level might be used is described. Issues of assessment timelines, guidance for home/remote assessment to support data fidelity and telehealth considerations, cross-cultural adequacy, norms, and impairment definitions are also described. Conclusions: The proposed recommendations provide rationale and methodological guidance for neuropsychological research studies and clinical assessment in adults with COVID-19. We expect that the use of the recommendations will facilitate data harmonization and global research. Research implementing the recommendations will be crucial to determine their acceptability, usability, and validity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; Taste
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1230632-0
ISSN	1469-7661 ; 1355-6177
ISSN (online)	1469-7661
ISSN	1355-6177
DOI	10.1017/S1355617721000862
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