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Book ; Online: Learnings from Data Integration for Augmented Language Models

Halevy, Alon / Dwivedi-Yu, Jane

2023

Abstract: One of the limitations of large language models is that they do not have access to up-to-date, proprietary or personal data. As a result, there are multiple efforts to extend language models with techniques for accessing external data. In that sense, ... ...

Abstract	One of the limitations of large language models is that they do not have access to up-to-date, proprietary or personal data. As a result, there are multiple efforts to extend language models with techniques for accessing external data. In that sense, LLMs share the vision of data integration systems whose goal is to provide seamless access to a large collection of heterogeneous data sources. While the details and the techniques of LLMs differ greatly from those of data integration, this paper shows that some of the lessons learned from research on data integration can elucidate the research path we are conducting today on language models.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language
Publishing date	2023-04-10
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess in Israel: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Lebel, Asaf / Ben Shalom, Efrat / Mokatern, Rozan / Halevy, Raphael / Zehavi, Yoav / Magen, Daniela

European journal of endocrinology

2024

Abstract: Background and objective: Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) syndrome is an ultra-rare autosomal-recessive tubulopathy, caused by mutations in HSD11B2, leading to excessive activation of the kidney mineralocorticoid receptor, and characterized by ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) syndrome is an ultra-rare autosomal-recessive tubulopathy, caused by mutations in HSD11B2, leading to excessive activation of the kidney mineralocorticoid receptor, and characterized by early-onset low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To date, most reports included few patients, and none described patients from Israel. We aimed to describe AME patients from Israel and to review the relevant literature. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and molecular data from patients' records were collected. Results: Five patients presented at early childhood with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while two patients presented during late childhood with CKD. Molecular analysis revealed two novel homozygous mutations in HSD11B2. All patients presented with severe hypertension and hypokalemia. While all patients developed nephrocalcinosis, only one showed hypercalciuria. All individuals were managed with potassium supplements, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and various antihypertensive medications. One patient survived cardiac arrest secondary to severe hyperkalemia. At last follow-up, those five patients who presented early exhibited normal eGFR and near-normal blood pressure, but two have hypertension complications. The two patients who presented with CKD progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) necessitating dialysis and kidney transplantation. Conclusions: In this 11-year follow-up report of two Israeli families with AME, patients who presented early maintained long-term normal kidney function, while those who presented late progressed to ESKD. Nevertheless, despite early diagnosis and management, AME is commonly associated with serious complications of the disease or its treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1183856-5
ISSN	1479-683X ; 0804-4643
ISSN (online)	1479-683X
ISSN	0804-4643
DOI	10.1093/ejendo/lvae049
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Article ; Online: The Utility of Early Brain MRI for Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Optic Pathway Glioma: A Long-Term Follow-Up in a Tertiary Referral Hospital.

Rony, Cohen / Aharoni, Sharon / Halevy, Ayelet

Neuropediatrics

2022 Volume 53, Issue 5, Page(s) 370–375

Abstract: Screening studies have shown detection of optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) in 8 to 31% of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Many of those affected show prolonged indolent phases, but others develop vision disturbances even before diagnosis and ... ...

Abstract	Screening studies have shown detection of optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) in 8 to 31% of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Many of those affected show prolonged indolent phases, but others develop vision disturbances even before diagnosis and treatment. We assessed the clinical presentation at diagnosis, location, natural progression, and risk factors for impaired vision of OPG. The clinical database of the NF1 multidisciplinary clinic of Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel was reviewed for all patients diagnosed and followed with NF1 during 2007 to 2019. OPG was diagnosed by hyperintensity and thickening along the optic pathway on T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with or without contrast enhancement. Of 257 children with NF1 who underwent MRI, 57 (22%) were diagnosed with OPG; 31 (54%) were females. Twenty-five (44%) had familial NF1. Fifteen (26%) who exhibited tumor progression and worsening in ophthalmic examinations required treatment. Post-chiasmatic glioma was a predictive factor for treatment (
MeSH term(s)	Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Neurofibromatosis 1/complications ; Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnostic imaging ; Optic Nerve Glioma/diagnostic imaging ; Optic Nerve Glioma/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	573291-8
ISSN	1439-1899 ; 0174-304X
ISSN (online)	1439-1899
ISSN	0174-304X
DOI	10.1055/a-1816-8746
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Article ; Online: Unexpected employee location is associated with injury during robberies.

DeCelles, Katherine A / Kouchaki, Maryam / Halevy, Nir

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2022 Volume 119, Issue 39, Page(s) e2200026119

Abstract: Millions of employees are victims of violent crimes at work every year, particularly those in the retail industry, who are frequent targets of robbery. Why are some employees injured while others escape from these incidents physically unharmed? Departing ...

Abstract	Millions of employees are victims of violent crimes at work every year, particularly those in the retail industry, who are frequent targets of robbery. Why are some employees injured while others escape from these incidents physically unharmed? Departing from prevailing models of workplace violence, which focus on the static characteristics of perpetrators, victims, and work environments, we examine why and when injuries during robberies occur. Our multimethod investigation of convenience-store robberies sought evidence from detailed coding of surveillance videos and matched archival data, preregistered experiments with formerly incarcerated individuals and customer service personnel, and a 3-y longitudinal intervention study in the field. While standard retail-industry safety protocols encourage employees to be out from behind the cash register area to be safer, we find that robbers are significantly more likely to injure or kill employees who are located there (versus behind the cash register area) when a robbery begins. A 3-y field study demonstrates that changing the safety training protocol-through providing employees with a behavioral script to follow should a robbery begin when they are on the sales floor-was associated with a significantly lower rate of injury during these robberies. Our research establishes the importance of understanding the interactive dynamics of workplace violence, crime, and conflict.
MeSH term(s)	Crime ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Occupations ; Theft ; Workplace
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2200026119
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Article: Adaptation and Validation of the Hebrew Version of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale.

Carmel Neiderma, Narin N / Halevy, Nir / Kas, Tal / Wengier, Anat / Safadi, Ahmad / Abergel, Avraham

The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ

2023 Volume 25, Issue 8, Page(s) 564–567

Abstract: Background: Nasal obstruction is one of the most common complaints in the practice of rhinology.: Objectives: To adapt the Nasal Obstruction Scale Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire to Hebrew (H-NOSE) and to assess its sensitivity and specificity.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Nasal obstruction is one of the most common complaints in the practice of rhinology. Objectives: To adapt the Nasal Obstruction Scale Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire to Hebrew (H-NOSE) and to assess its sensitivity and specificity. Methods: Candidates for surgical intervention due to isolated nasal obstruction and healthy volunteers (controls) were included in the validation. The English NOSE questionnaire was translated into Hebrew and re-translated for translation validity. Patients completed the H-NOSE questionnaire before and after surgery for nasal obstruction. The same questionnaire was completed by the controls. Test-retest reliability was performed within 2 weeks. Psychometric properties (reliability, reproducibility, validity, and responsiveness) were assessed by a test-retest procedure, internal consistency, correlation to the Hebrew Sino-Nasal Outcome Tool 22 (He-SNOT-22), and response sensitivity. Results: In total, 179 patients with nasal obstruction and 74 controls completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha score was 0.93 for internal consistency. The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity (< 90%) and area under the curve was 0.97. We found no significant difference in test-retest reliability. The difference between the pre- and postoperative questionnaire scores was highly significant (13.9 ± 4.0 vs. 3.2 ± 4.1, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The H-NOSE questionnaire demonstrated reliable internal consistency, sensitivity, specificity, and reliability. The Hebrew version differentiated between patients and heathy controls and was easy to administer. This instrument is useful for Hebrew speaking patients who undergo surgery for nasal obstruction.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Nasal Obstruction/diagnosis ; Nasal Obstruction/surgery ; Symptom Assessment/methods ; Translating ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Quality of Life
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-14
Publishing country	Israel
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2008291-5
ISSN	1565-1088 ; 0021-2180
ISSN	1565-1088 ; 0021-2180
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Zs.A 5470: Show issues

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Book ; Online: Human-Centered Planning

Li, Yuliang / Kamra, Nitin / Desai, Ruta / Halevy, Alon

2023

Abstract: LLMs have recently made impressive inroads on tasks whose output is structured, such as coding, robotic planning and querying databases. The vision of creating AI-powered personal assistants also involves creating structured outputs, such as a plan for ... ...

Abstract	LLMs have recently made impressive inroads on tasks whose output is structured, such as coding, robotic planning and querying databases. The vision of creating AI-powered personal assistants also involves creating structured outputs, such as a plan for one's day, or for an overseas trip. Here, since the plan is executed by a human, the output doesn't have to satisfy strict syntactic constraints. A useful assistant should also be able to incorporate vague constraints specified by the user in natural language. This makes LLMs an attractive option for planning. We consider the problem of planning one's day. We develop an LLM-based planner (LLMPlan) extended with the ability to self-reflect on its output and a symbolic planner (SymPlan) with the ability to translate text constraints into a symbolic representation. Despite no formal specification of constraints, we find that LLMPlan performs explicit constraint satisfaction akin to the traditional symbolic planners on average (2% performance difference), while retaining the reasoning of implicit requirements. Consequently, LLM-based planners outperform their symbolic counterparts in user satisfaction (70.5% vs. 40.4%) during interactive evaluation with 40 users.
Keywords	Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-11-07
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Sedimentary pyrite sulfur isotopes track the local dynamics of the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone.

Pasquier, Virgil / Fike, David A / Halevy, Itay

Nature communications

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 4403

Abstract: Sulfur cycling is ubiquitous in sedimentary environments, where it mediates organic carbon remineralization, impacting both local and global redox budgets, and leaving an imprint in pyrite sulfur isotope ratios ( ... ...

Abstract	Sulfur cycling is ubiquitous in sedimentary environments, where it mediates organic carbon remineralization, impacting both local and global redox budgets, and leaving an imprint in pyrite sulfur isotope ratios (δ
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-021-24753-x
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Article ; Online: Deconvolving microbial and environmental controls on marine sedimentary pyrite sulfur isotope ratios.

Bryant, R N / Houghton, J L / Jones, C / Pasquier, V / Halevy, I / Fike, D A

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2023 Volume 382, Issue 6673, Page(s) 912–915

Abstract: Reconstructions of past environmental conditions and biological activity are often based on bulk stable isotope proxies, which are inherently open to multiple interpretations. This is particularly true of the sulfur isotopic composition of sedimentary ... ...

Abstract	Reconstructions of past environmental conditions and biological activity are often based on bulk stable isotope proxies, which are inherently open to multiple interpretations. This is particularly true of the sulfur isotopic composition of sedimentary pyrite (δ
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.adg6103
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Zs.A 27: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Book ; Online: Multimodal Neural Databases

Trappolini, Giovanni / Santilli, Andrea / Rodolà, Emanuele / Halevy, Alon / Silvestri, Fabrizio

2023

Abstract: The rise in loosely-structured data available through text, images, and other modalities has called for new ways of querying them. Multimedia Information Retrieval has filled this gap and has witnessed exciting progress in recent years. Tasks such as ... ...

Abstract	The rise in loosely-structured data available through text, images, and other modalities has called for new ways of querying them. Multimedia Information Retrieval has filled this gap and has witnessed exciting progress in recent years. Tasks such as search and retrieval of extensive multimedia archives have undergone massive performance improvements, driven to a large extent by recent developments in multimodal deep learning. However, methods in this field remain limited in the kinds of queries they support and, in particular, their inability to answer database-like queries. For this reason, inspired by recent work on neural databases, we propose a new framework, which we name Multimodal Neural Databases (MMNDBs). MMNDBs can answer complex database-like queries that involve reasoning over different input modalities, such as text and images, at scale. In this paper, we present the first architecture able to fulfill this set of requirements and test it with several baselines, showing the limitations of currently available models. The results show the potential of these new techniques to process unstructured data coming from different modalities, paving the way for future research in the area. Code to replicate the experiments will be released at https://github.com/GiovanniTRA/MultimodalNeuralDatabases
Keywords	Computer Science - Multimedia ; Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Databases ; Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Can Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI be Used to Differentiate Hepatic Hemangioma from Other Lesions in Early Infancy?

Halevy, Dan / Sayed, Blayne A. / Shaikh, Furqan / Siddiqui, Iram / Chavhan, Govind B.

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging

2024

Abstract: Background: Confident diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma on imaging can avoid biopsy in early infancy and helps guide conservative management.: Purpose: This article aims to determine if dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be ... ...

Abstract	Background: Confident diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma on imaging can avoid biopsy in early infancy and helps guide conservative management. Purpose: This article aims to determine if dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to differentiate liver hemangioma from other lesions in infants ≤ 100 days and to determine association of MRI features with hepatic lesions. Methods: MRI performed for liver lesions were retrospectively reviewed to note imaging characteristics and the MRI diagnosis. Final diagnosis was assigned based on pathology in available cases and by corroborative standard of reference including overall clinical features, lab findings, and follow-up. Results: Of 30 infants (18 boys, 12 girls; average age 42.2 days) included, 18 had solitary and 12 had multifocal lesions. Diagnoses in total 33 lesions included hemangiomas (23), hepatoblastoma (6), arteriovenous malformation (2), neuroblastoma metastases (1), and infarction (1). MRI and final diagnosis matched in 94% lesions with almost perfect agreement (kappa 0.86) for reader 1, and matched in 88% lesions with substantial agreement (kappa 0.71) for reader 2. Interobserver agreement for MRI diagnosis was substantial (kappa 0.62). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI in differentiating hemangioma from other lesions were 100, 90, 96, 100, and 97%, respectively. Centripetal (16/23) or flash (5/23) filling were only seen with hemangioma. There was no significant difference in alpha-fetoprotein elevation ( p 0.08), average size ( p 0.35), multifocality ( p 0.38), and intralesional hemorrhage ( p 1) between hemangioma and hepatoblastoma. Conclusion: Centripetal filling on dynamic imaging and absence of washout are characteristic MRI features of hepatic hemangioma that can help to differentiate it from other lesions in early infancy.
Keywords	liver ; neonate ; infants ; hemangioma ; hepatoblastoma ; imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-21
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	605869-3
ISSN	1998-3808 ; 0971-3026 ; 0970-2016
ISSN (online)	1998-3808
ISSN	0971-3026 ; 0970-2016
DOI	10.1055/s-0044-1785208
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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