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Article ; Online: The Effects of Different Diets and Transgenerational Stress on Acyrthosiphon pisum Development

Daniel Pers / Allison K. Hansen

Insects, Vol 10, Iss 9, p

2019 Volume 260

Abstract: ... in development were observed when reared on older host plants (~9−17-h/event, post 2nd instar) or when previous ... of developmental events and a significant delay in nymphal (~5−25-h/instar) and pre-reproductive adult (~40-h ... generations were exposed to overcrowding on host plants (~20-h delay in nymph laying) compared to controls. ...

Abstract	Despite the fact that sap-feeding hemipterans are major agricultural pests, little is known about the pea aphid’s ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) nymphal development, compared to other insect models. Given our limited understanding of A. pisum nymphal development and variability in the naming/timing of its developmental events between different environmental conditions and studies, here, we address developmental knowledge gaps by elucidating how diet impacts A. pisum nymphal development for the LSR1 strain when it develops on its universal host plant ( Vicia faba ), isolated leaves, and artificial diet. Moreover, we test how plant age and transgenerational stressors, such as overcrowding and low plant vigor, can affect nymphal development. We also validate a morphological method to quickly confirm the life stage of each nymphal instar within a mixed population. Overall, we found extremely high variation in the timing of developmental events and a significant delay in nymphal (~5−25-h/instar) and pre-reproductive adult (~40-h) development when reared on isolated leaves and artificial diets, compared to intact host plants. Also, delays in development were observed when reared on older host plants (~9−17-h/event, post 2nd instar) or when previous generations were exposed to overcrowding on host plants (~20-h delay in nymph laying) compared to controls.
Keywords	Acyrthosiphon pisum ; pea aphid ; nymphal instars ; nymphal development ; plant-rearing ; artificial liquid diet ; transgenerational stressors ; developmental delay ; siphunculus ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Effects of Different Diets and Transgenerational Stress on <i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i> Development

Pers, Daniel / Hansen, Allison K

Insects. 2019 Aug. 21, v. 10, no. 9

2019

Abstract: ... in development were observed when reared on older host plants (~9–17-h/event, post 2nd instar) or ... of developmental events and a significant delay in nymphal (~5–25-h/instar) and pre-reproductive adult (~40-h ... when previous generations were exposed to overcrowding on host plants (~20-h delay in nymph laying) compared ...

Abstract	Despite the fact that sap-feeding hemipterans are major agricultural pests, little is known about the pea aphid’s (Acyrthosiphon pisum) nymphal development, compared to other insect models. Given our limited understanding of A. pisum nymphal development and variability in the naming/timing of its developmental events between different environmental conditions and studies, here, we address developmental knowledge gaps by elucidating how diet impacts A. pisum nymphal development for the LSR1 strain when it develops on its universal host plant (Vicia faba), isolated leaves, and artificial diet. Moreover, we test how plant age and transgenerational stressors, such as overcrowding and low plant vigor, can affect nymphal development. We also validate a morphological method to quickly confirm the life stage of each nymphal instar within a mixed population. Overall, we found extremely high variation in the timing of developmental events and a significant delay in nymphal (~5–25-h/instar) and pre-reproductive adult (~40-h) development when reared on isolated leaves and artificial diets, compared to intact host plants. Also, delays in development were observed when reared on older host plants (~9–17-h/event, post 2nd instar) or when previous generations were exposed to overcrowding on host plants (~20-h delay in nymph laying) compared to controls.
Keywords	Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Vicia faba ; adults ; artificial diets ; environmental factors ; host plants ; insect models ; instars ; leaves ; pests ; plant age ; rearing ; vigor
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0821
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ISSN	2075-4450
DOI	10.3390/insects10090260
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Circulating levels of tight junction proteins in multiple sclerosis: Association with inflammation and disease activity before and after disease modifying therapy.

Olsson, A / Gustavsen, S / Langkilde, A R / Hansen, T H / Sellebjerg, F / Bach Søndergaard, H / Oturai, A B

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders

2021 Volume 54, Page(s) 103136

Abstract: ... 2nd line DMT (p<0.001). Furthermore, NfL and calprotectin levels were significantly reduced by 31% and ...

Abstract	Background: Tight junction proteins contribute to maintenance of epithelial and endothelial barriers such as the intestinal barrier and the blood brain barrier (BBB). Increased permeability of these barriers has been linked to disease activity in MS and there is currently a lack of easily accessible biomarkers predicting disease activity in MS. Aim: To investigate whether levels of circulating tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) are associated with biomarkers of inflammation and disease activity; and to determine whether they could serve as clinical biomarkers. Methods: We prospectively included 72 newly diagnosed patients with relapsing remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome with no prior disease modifying therapy (DMT) use and 50 healthy controls (HCs). Patients were followed with blood samples, 3 tesla MRI, and clinical evaluation for 12 months. Occludin, ZO-1, calprotectin and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were measured by ELISA; serum neurofilament light (NfL) and IL-6 by single-molecule array (SIMOA). The mRNA expression of IFNG, IL1R1, IL10, IL1B, ARG1 and TNF was measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in whole blood. Results: Plasma occludin levels were higher in MS patients compared with HCs. After 12 months on DMT, occludin levels were reduced by approximately 25% irrespective of 1st or 2nd line DMT (p<0.001). Furthermore, NfL and calprotectin levels were significantly reduced by 31% and 29%, respectively. Occludin and ZO-1 did not correlate with biomarkers of inflammation and did not predict disease activity at baseline or after 12 months. Conclusions: Higher levels of occludin suggest an increased permeability of the BBB and/or the intestinal barrier in MS patients. The reduction of occludin after 12 months on DMTs might reflect repair of these barriers upon treatment. However, plasma levels of ZO-1 and occludin could not predict clinical or MRI disease activity as determined by regression and ROC-curve analysis. Our results do not indicate a clear clinically relevant role for circulating tight junction proteins as biomarkers of disease activity in MS and further investigations in larger cohorts are needed to clarify this issue.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Inflammation ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Occludin ; Tight Junction Proteins ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
Chemical Substances	Occludin ; Tight Junction Proteins ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2645330-7
ISSN	2211-0356 ; 2211-0348
ISSN (online)	2211-0356
ISSN	2211-0348
DOI	10.1016/j.msard.2021.103136
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Article ; Online: Prenatal antibiotics and atopic dermatitis among 18-month-old children in the Danish National Birth Cohort.

Timm, S / Schlünssen, V / Olsen, J / Ramlau-Hansen, C H

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

2017 Volume 47, Issue 7, Page(s) 929–936

Abstract: ... use was categorized by the timing of exposure as 1st-2nd trimester (gestation week 0-29), 3rd ... in both 1st-2nd and 3rd trimester (OR: Conclusions and clinical relevance: Prenatal exposure to antibiotics ...

Abstract	Background: Despite extensive research, the aetiology of atopic dermatitis remains largely unknown, but reduced intestinal microbiota diversity in neonates has been linked to subsequent atopic dermatitis. Consequently, postnatal antibiotics have been proposed as a risk factor, but a potential association between prenatal antibiotics and atopic dermatitis is not well studied. Overall, the current evidence suggests a positive association between exposure to prenatal antibiotics and atopic dermatitis. Objective: To investigate the association between prenatal antibiotics and atopic dermatitis among 18-month-old children. Methods: This study conducted within the Danish National Birth Cohort included 62 560 mother-child pairs. Data on maternal prenatal antibiotics were collected in the 30th gestation week and 6 months post-partum, and offspring atopic dermatitis 18 months post-partum through telephone interviews. Antibiotic use was categorized by the timing of exposure as 1st-2nd trimester (gestation week 0-29), 3rd trimester (gestation week 30-birth), all three trimesters or none. Data were analysed by logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Exposure to antibiotics prenatally was associated with increased odds of atopic dermatitis among children born by atopic mothers but only when used in both 1st-2nd and 3rd trimester (OR Conclusions and clinical relevance: Prenatal exposure to antibiotics throughout pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of atopic dermatitis but only within the first 18 months of life among children born by atopic mothers. The clinical usefulness of this finding must rest on corroboration in independent data sources.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645204-8
ISSN	1365-2222 ; 0954-7894 ; 0960-2178
ISSN (online)	1365-2222
ISSN	0954-7894 ; 0960-2178
DOI	10.1111/cea.12916
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Article ; Online: More tail lesions among undocked than tail docked pigs in a conventional herd.

Lahrmann, H P / Busch, M E / D'Eath, R B / Forkman, B / Hansen, C F

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience

2017 Volume 11, Issue 10, Page(s) 1825–1831

Abstract: ... every 2nd week. No clinical signs of injured tails were observed within the tail docked group, whereas 23.0 ...

Abstract	The vast majority of piglets reared in the European Union (EU) and worldwide is tail docked to reduce the risk of being tail bitten, even though EU animal welfare legislation bans routine tail docking. Many conventional herds experience low levels of tail biting among tail docked pigs, however it is not known, what the prevalence would have been had the pigs not been tail docked. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of tail lesions between docked and undocked pigs in a conventional piggery in Denmark with very low prevalence of tail biting among tail docked pigs. The study included 1922 DanAvl Duroc×(Landrace×Large White) female and castrated male pigs (962 docked and 960 undocked). Docked and undocked pigs were housed under the same conditions in the same room but in separate pens with 20 (±0.03) pigs/pen. Pigs had ad libitum access to commercial diets in a feed dispenser. Manipulable material in the form of chopped straw was provided daily on the floor (~10 g/pig per day), and each pen had two vertically placed soft wood boards. From weaning to slaughter, tail wounds (injury severity and freshness) were scored every 2nd week. No clinical signs of injured tails were observed within the tail docked group, whereas 23.0% of the undocked pigs got a tail lesion. On average, 4.0% of the pigs with undocked tails had a tail lesion on tail inspection days. More pens with tail lesions were observed among pigs weighing 30 to 60 kg (34.3%; P<0.05) than in pens with pigs weighing 7 to 30 kg (13.0%) and 60 to 90 kg (12.8%). Removal of pigs to a hospital pen was more likely in undocked pens (P<0.05, 47.7% undocked pens and 22.9% docked pens). Finally, abattoir meat inspection data revealed more tail biting remarks in undocked pigs (P<0.001). In conclusion, this study suggests that housing pigs with intact tails in conventional herds with very low prevalence of tail biting among tail docked pigs, will increase the prevalence of pigs with tail lesions considerably, and pig producers will need more hospital pens. Abattoir data indicate that tail biting remarks from meat inspection data severely underestimate on-farm prevalence of tail lesions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2257920-5
ISSN	1751-732X ; 1751-7311
ISSN (online)	1751-732X
ISSN	1751-7311
DOI	10.1017/S1751731117000490
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Article ; Online: Growing a circular economy with fungal biotechnology: a white paper.

Meyer, Vera / Basenko, Evelina Y / Benz, J Philipp / Braus, Gerhard H / Caddick, Mark X / Csukai, Michael / de Vries, Ronald P / Endy, Drew / Frisvad, Jens C / Gunde-Cimerman, Nina / Haarmann, Thomas / Hadar, Yitzhak / Hansen, Kim / Johnson, Robert I / Keller, Nancy P / Kraševec, Nada / Mortensen, Uffe H / Perez, Rolando / Ram, Arthur F J /

Record, Eric / Ross, Phil / Shapaval, Volha / Steiniger, Charlotte / van den Brink, Hans / van Munster, Jolanda / Yarden, Oded / Wösten, Han A B

Fungal biology and biotechnology

2020 Volume 7, Page(s) 5

Abstract: ... Paper presented here is the result of the 2nd Think Tank meeting held by the EUROFUNG consortium ...

Abstract	Fungi have the ability to transform organic materials into a rich and diverse set of useful products and provide distinct opportunities for tackling the urgent challenges before all humans. Fungal biotechnology can advance the transition from our petroleum-based economy into a bio-based circular economy and has the ability to sustainably produce resilient sources of food, feed, chemicals, fuels, textiles, and materials for construction, automotive and transportation industries, for furniture and beyond. Fungal biotechnology offers solutions for securing, stabilizing and enhancing the food supply for a growing human population, while simultaneously lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Fungal biotechnology has, thus, the potential to make a significant contribution to climate change mitigation and meeting the United Nation's sustainable development goals through the rational improvement of new and established fungal cell factories. The White Paper presented here is the result of the 2nd Think Tank meeting held by the EUROFUNG consortium in Berlin in October 2019. This paper highlights discussions on current opportunities and research challenges in fungal biotechnology and aims to inform scientists, educators, the general public, industrial stakeholders and policymakers about the current fungal biotech revolution.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2806612-1
ISSN	2054-3085 ; 2054-3085
ISSN (online)	2054-3085
ISSN	2054-3085
DOI	10.1186/s40694-020-00095-z
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Article: More tail lesions among undocked than tail docked pigs in a conventional herd

Lahrmann, H. P / Busch, M. E / D’Eath, R. B / Forkman, B / Hansen, C. F

Animal. 2017 Oct., v. 11, no. 10

2017

Abstract: ... every 2nd week. No clinical signs of injured tails were observed within the tail docked group, whereas 23.0 ...

Abstract	The vast majority of piglets reared in the European Union (EU) and worldwide is tail docked to reduce the risk of being tail bitten, even though EU animal welfare legislation bans routine tail docking. Many conventional herds experience low levels of tail biting among tail docked pigs, however it is not known, what the prevalence would have been had the pigs not been tail docked. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of tail lesions between docked and undocked pigs in a conventional piggery in Denmark with very low prevalence of tail biting among tail docked pigs. The study included 1922 DanAvl Duroc×(Landrace×Large White) female and castrated male pigs (962 docked and 960 undocked). Docked and undocked pigs were housed under the same conditions in the same room but in separate pens with 20 (±0.03) pigs/pen. Pigs had ad libitum access to commercial diets in a feed dispenser. Manipulable material in the form of chopped straw was provided daily on the floor (~10 g/pig per day), and each pen had two vertically placed soft wood boards. From weaning to slaughter, tail wounds (injury severity and freshness) were scored every 2nd week. No clinical signs of injured tails were observed within the tail docked group, whereas 23.0% of the undocked pigs got a tail lesion. On average, 4.0% of the pigs with undocked tails had a tail lesion on tail inspection days. More pens with tail lesions were observed among pigs weighing 30 to 60 kg (34.3%; P<0.05) than in pens with pigs weighing 7 to 30 kg (13.0%) and 60 to 90 kg (12.8%). Removal of pigs to a hospital pen was more likely in undocked pens (P<0.05, 47.7% undocked pens and 22.9% docked pens). Finally, abattoir meat inspection data revealed more tail biting remarks in undocked pigs (P<0.001). In conclusion, this study suggests that housing pigs with intact tails in conventional herds with very low prevalence of tail biting among tail docked pigs, will increase the prevalence of pigs with tail lesions considerably, and pig producers will need more hospital pens. Abattoir data indicate that tail biting remarks from meat inspection data severely underestimate on-farm prevalence of tail lesions.
Keywords	animal welfare ; castration ; European Union ; females ; freshness ; herds ; hospitals ; laws and regulations ; males ; meat inspection ; piglets ; rearing ; risk reduction ; signs and symptoms (animals and humans) ; slaughter ; slaughterhouses ; straw ; tail ; tail biting ; tail docking ; weaning ; Denmark
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-10
Size	p. 1825-1831.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2257920-5
ISSN	1751-732X ; 1751-7311
ISSN (online)	1751-732X
ISSN	1751-7311
DOI	10.1017/S1751731117000490
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: CoreValve Prosthesis Depth: What is the Optimal Measurement Target?

Wolff, Rafael / Radhakrishnan, Sam / Mitsuhashi, Hirotsugu / Zavodni, Anna / Roifman, Idan / Sparkes, John D / Fremes, Stephen E / Bakar-Irwin, Sabina / Hansen, Mark S / Strauss, Bradley H

The Journal of heart valve disease

2016 Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 417–423

Abstract: ... The rate of new ≥2nd degree atrioventricular block (AVB) after TAVR was 5%, and the incidence of new ... the procedure. Freedom from new ≥2nd degree AVB, LBBB and the need for PPM after TAVR was significantly higher ...

Abstract	Background: A major drawback of the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure using the self-expandable Medtronic CoreValve (MCV) prosthesis is the high incidence of conduction disturbances and the need for postprocedural permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. The depth of prosthesis implantation may be an important contributing factor. The study aim was to determine the relationship between angiographic measurements of the MCV prosthesis depth and the occurrence of new conduction disturbances and need for PPM after TAVR. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 157 consecutive patients who had undergone TAVR procedures with the MCV between 2009 and 2013. Patients with pre-existing pacemakers (n = 27) were excluded. Prosthesis depth was defined as the angiographic distance from the lowest part of the prosthesis to the base of the non-coronary cusp (NCcD) and the base of the left coronary cusp (LCcD). Results: A 26 mm MCV was implanted in 50% of patients, and a 29 mm MCV in 38%. The rate of new ≥2nd degree atrioventricular block (AVB) after TAVR was 5%, and the incidence of new left ventricular bundle branch block (LBBB) was 23%. PPMs were implanted in 13 patients (10%) within 30 days after the procedure. Freedom from new ≥2nd degree AVB, LBBB and the need for PPM after TAVR was significantly higher among patients with NCcD <6 mm or LCcD <8 mm (90% and 89%, respectively) compared to patients with NCcD ≥6 mm or LCcD ≥8 mm (53% and 54%, respectively) (p <0.0001). Conclusions: Prosthesis depth, measured relative to either the NCcD or LCcD, strongly predicted the occurrence of conduction disturbances and the need for PPM following TAVR with the MCV prosthesis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205265-6
ISSN	2053-2644 ; 0966-8519
ISSN (online)	2053-2644
ISSN	0966-8519
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Book ; Online: Country report ETHIOPIA - MFS II EVALUATIONS

Lensink, R. / Asenso-Okyere, K. / Bahiigwa, G. / De Cao, E. / Eriksen, S. / Jemaneh, S. / Gutu, T. / Hansen, N. / Lutz, C. / Tadesse, G. / Tefera, W. / Yirga, C. / Zerfu, E. / van der Berg, M. / Klaver, D.C. / Jacobs, J. / Hofstede, M. / van Ingen, T. / Getew, H. /

Tigabu, A. / Babu, S. / Buizer, N.N. / Desalos, C.B. / Kefyalew, D. / Kusters, C.S.L. / Bulte, E. / Pradhan, M.

2015

Abstract: ... of reducing structural poverty. On July 2nd, 2015, the reports were approved by the independent steering ...

Abstract	This report on Ethiopia is one of a series of evaluation reports, consisting of ten reports in total, reflecting the results of the jointly-organised MFS II evaluation: - Eight country reports (India, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Uganda, Indonesia, DR Congo, Liberia, Pakistan); - A synthesis report (covering the eight country studies); and - A report with the results of the international lobbying and advocacy programmes. This series of reports assessed the 2011-2015 contribution of the Dutch Co-Financing System (MFS II) towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals, strengthening international civil society, setting the international agenda and changing decision-makers’ policy and practice, with the ultimate goal of reducing structural poverty. On July 2nd, 2015, the reports were approved by the independent steering committee (see below), which concluded that they meet the quality standards of validity, reliability and usefulness set by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Keywords	Life Science
Subject code	320
Language	English
Publisher	Centre for Development Innovation
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Fetal activity acceleration during early labor.

Nyholm, H C / Hansen, T / Neldam, S

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica

1983 Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 131–133

Abstract: ... because of prolonged 2nd stage and 8 because of suspected because of prolonged 2nd stage and 8 because of suspected ... and 2 technically inadequate. Four of the 5 fetuses with a non-reactive FAD showed signs of fetal ... compromised fetuses in the FAD reactive group than in the non-reactive (p less than 0.002, chi 2-test ...

Abstract	Altogether 59 women (53 normal and 6 high-risk pregnancies) underwent a fetal activity acceleration determination (FAD) during the first stage of labor. 52 FAD were considered reactive, while 5 were non-reactive and 2 technically inadequate. Four of the 5 fetuses with a non-reactive FAD showed signs of fetal compromise during labor and 1 died intra-uterinely. There were significantly more normal births and non-compromised fetuses in the FAD reactive group than in the non-reactive (p less than 0.002, chi 2-test), while there were significantly more acute cesarean sections in the non-reactive group (p less than 0.001, chi 2-test). Of the 12 vacuum extractions (all in the FAD reactive group) 4 were performed because of prolonged 2nd stage and 8 because of suspected because of prolonged 2nd stage and 8 because of suspected intra-uterine asphyxia, but all infants did well after delivery, and the umbilical arterial pH was in all cases above 7.15. It is concluded that when a FAD test is reactive in the first stage of labor, one can expect a positive outcome of the birth, whereas a non-reactive test arouses suspicion of fetal compromise and implies that one must carefully monitor the progress of the birth so that the fetus can be delivered promptly if any sign of late decelerations should appear. A reactive FAD is, on the other hand, rather reassuring for the fetal state.
MeSH term(s)	Delivery, Obstetric ; Female ; Fetal Distress/prevention & control ; Fetal Heart/physiology ; Fetal Monitoring ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Labor Stage, First ; Labor, Obstetric ; Movement ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Risk
Language	English
Publishing date	1983
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80019-3
ISSN	1600-0412 ; 0001-6349
ISSN (online)	1600-0412
ISSN	0001-6349
DOI	10.3109/00016348309155776
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