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Article: Broomcorn and foxtail millet were cultivated in Taiwan about 5000 years ago.

Tsang, Chen-Hwa / Li, Kuang-Ti / Hsu, Tze-Fu / Tsai, Yuan-Ching / Fang, Po-Hsuan / Hsing, Yue-Ie Caroline

2017 Volume 58, Issue 1, Page(s) 3

Abstract: Background: Archaeobotanical remains of millet were found at the Nan-kuan-li East site in Tainan Science Park, southern Taiwan. This site, dated around 5000-4300 BP, is characterized by remains of the Tapenkeng culture, the earliest Neolithic culture ... ...

Abstract	Background: Archaeobotanical remains of millet were found at the Nan-kuan-li East site in Tainan Science Park, southern Taiwan. This site, dated around 5000-4300 BP, is characterized by remains of the Tapenkeng culture, the earliest Neolithic culture found so far in Taiwan. A large number of millet-like carbonized and charred seeds with varied sizes and shapes were unearthed from the site by the flotation method. Since no millet grain was ever found archaeologically in Taiwan previously, this discovery is of great importance and significance. This paper is in an attempt to further analyze these plant remains for a clearer understanding of the agricultural practice of the ancient inhabitants of the Nan-kuan-li East site. Result: We used light and scanning electron microscopy to examine the morphological features of some modern domesticated and unearthed seeds to compare and identify the archaeobotanical remains by three criteria: caryopsis shape, embryo notch, and morphology of lemma and palea. We also developed a new methodology for distinguishing the excavated foxtail and broomcorn millet seeds. Conclusion: Two domesticated millet, including broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), as well as one wild millet species, yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca), were identified in the unearthed seeds. Together with the millet remains, rice was also cultivated in the area. Archaeological evidence shows that millet and rice farming may have been important food sources for people living about 5000 years ago in southern Taiwan.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2432110-2
ISSN	1999-3110 ; 1817-406X
ISSN (online)	1999-3110
ISSN	1817-406X
DOI	10.1186/s40529-016-0158-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Broomcorn and foxtail millet were cultivated in Taiwan about 5000 years ago

Tsang, Chen-Hwa / Li, Kuang-Ti / Hsu, Tze-Fu / Tsai, Yuan-Ching / Fang, Po-Hsuan / Hsing, Yue-IeCaroline

Botanical studies. 2017 Dec., v. 58, no. 1

2017

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Archaeobotanical remains of millet were found at the Nan-kuan-li East site in Tainan Science Park, southern Taiwan. This site, dated around 5000–4300 BP, is characterized by remains of the Tapenkeng culture, the earliest Neolithic culture ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Archaeobotanical remains of millet were found at the Nan-kuan-li East site in Tainan Science Park, southern Taiwan. This site, dated around 5000–4300 BP, is characterized by remains of the Tapenkeng culture, the earliest Neolithic culture found so far in Taiwan. A large number of millet-like carbonized and charred seeds with varied sizes and shapes were unearthed from the site by the flotation method. Since no millet grain was ever found archaeologically in Taiwan previously, this discovery is of great importance and significance. This paper is in an attempt to further analyze these plant remains for a clearer understanding of the agricultural practice of the ancient inhabitants of the Nan-kuan-li East site. RESULT: We used light and scanning electron microscopy to examine the morphological features of some modern domesticated and unearthed seeds to compare and identify the archaeobotanical remains by three criteria: caryopsis shape, embryo notch, and morphology of lemma and palea. We also developed a new methodology for distinguishing the excavated foxtail and broomcorn millet seeds. CONCLUSION: Two domesticated millet, including broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), as well as one wild millet species, yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca), were identified in the unearthed seeds. Together with the millet remains, rice was also cultivated in the area. Archaeological evidence shows that millet and rice farming may have been important food sources for people living about 5000 years ago in southern Taiwan.
Keywords	Panicum miliaceum ; Setaria italica ; Setaria pumila subsp. pumila ; Sorghum bicolor ; archaeobotany ; fruits ; millets ; rice ; scanning electron microscopy ; seeds ; Taiwan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-12
Size	p. 3.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2432110-2
ISSN	1999-3110 ; 1817-406X
ISSN (online)	1999-3110
ISSN	1817-406X
DOI	10.1186/s40529-016-0158-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Silicified bulliform cells of Poaceae: morphological characteristics that distinguish subfamilies.

Chen, Iju / Li, Kuang-Ti / Tsang, Cheng-Hwa

Botanical studies

2020 Volume 61, Issue 1, Page(s) 5

Abstract: Background: Grass phytoliths are the most common phytoliths in sediments; recognizing grass phytolith types is important when using phytoliths as a tool to reconstruct paleoenvironments. Grass bulliform cells may be silicified to large size ... ...

Abstract	Background: Grass phytoliths are the most common phytoliths in sediments; recognizing grass phytolith types is important when using phytoliths as a tool to reconstruct paleoenvironments. Grass bulliform cells may be silicified to large size parallelepipedal or cuneiform shaped phytoliths, which were often regarded as of no taxonomic value. However, studies in eastern Asia had identified several forms of grass bulliform phytoliths, including rice bulliform phytolith, a phytolith type frequently used to track the history of rice domestication. Identification with a higher level of taxonomic resolution is possible, yet a systematic investigation on morphology of Poaceae bulliform phytoliths is lacking. We aimed at providing a morphological description of bulliform phytoliths of Poaceae from Taiwan based on morphometric measurements in anatomical aspect. The results are important references for paleo-ecological studies. Result: The morphology of grass bulliform phytoliths is usually consistent within a subfamily; the end profile is relatively rectangular in Panicoideae and Micrairoideae, whereas cuneiform to nearly circular in Oryzoideae, Bambusoideae, Arundinoideae, and Chloridoideae. Bulliform phytoliths were seldom observed in Pooideae. Certain morphotypes are limited to plants growing in specific environments. For example, large, thin, and pointed bulliform phytoliths are associated with wet habitat; Chloridoideae types are mostly from C4 plants occupying open arid places. Conclusion: Grass bulliform phytoliths can be identified at least to the subfamily level, and several forms were distinguished within large subfamilies. Previously un-reported silicified cell types, i.e., arm cells and fusoids, and two special trichome phytolith types associated with bulliform phytoliths, were described. Morphometric methods were great tools for delimiting morphotypes; with refined morphological classification the association between forms and habit/habitats was revealed. The knowledge provides new ways to interpret phytolith assemblage data, and it is especially useful when the sediments are enriched in large blocky phytoliths.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2432110-2
ISSN	1999-3110 ; 1817-406X
ISSN (online)	1999-3110
ISSN	1817-406X
DOI	10.1186/s40529-020-0282-x
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Article: Protein Kinase B Inactivation Is Associated with Magnolol-Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo.

Chen, Jiann-Hwa / Chiang, I-Tsang / Hsu, Fei-Ting

Cancers

2019 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: Although sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, was approved as a treatment drug of advance hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), treatment efficacy still requires improvement. Searching for the adjuvant reagent for enhancing sorafenib efficacy remains as a ...

Abstract	Although sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, was approved as a treatment drug of advance hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), treatment efficacy still requires improvement. Searching for the adjuvant reagent for enhancing sorafenib efficacy remains as a critical issue. Sorafenib has been proved to suppress extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in HCC; however, protein kinase B (AKT) was not affected by it. Targeting AKT in combination with sorafenib could be an important breakthrough point of HCC treatment. Many herbal compounds and composite formulas have been shown to enhance anti-HCC activity of sorafenib. Magnolol is a bioactive compound extracted from the bark of the
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers12010087
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Article: Comparison of therapeutic outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: A prospective observational cohort study.

Liu, Yu-Wei / Lee, Jui-Ying / Wang, Yao-Kuang / Chen, Yi-Hsun / Fang, Pen-Tzu / Chou, Shah-Hwa / Chen, Ming-Huang / Bai, Li-Yuan / Yen, Chia-Jui / Wu, Ming-Tsang / Wu, I-Chen

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi

2023 Volume 123, Issue 1, Page(s) 106–115

Abstract: Background: Patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) may not always receive resection despite the possible achievement of a pathologic complete response (pCR) being ... ...

Abstract	Background: Patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) may not always receive resection despite the possible achievement of a pathologic complete response (pCR) being associated with superior survival benefit. We aimed to compare outcomes among ESCC patients with or without pCR and those refusing surgery. Methods: In total, 111 medically operable, non-cervical ESCC patients after the same protocol of nCRT (platinum/5-fluorouracil plus radiation 50Gy) were prospectively enrolled between 2011 and 2021. Eighty-three of them underwent esophagectomy comprising pCR (n = 32) and non-pCR (n = 51), while 28 operable patients declined surgery (refusal-of-surgery group). Predictors and survival data were analyzed. Results: In terms of esophagectomy, 38.5% (32/83) patients achieved pCR. The pCR group exhibited better pretreatment performance status than the non-pCR group (adjusted odds ratio: 0.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.03-0.58; p = 0.01). Among pCR, non-pCR, and refusal-of-surgery groups, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 56%, 29% and 50% (p = 0.08) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 52%, 28% and 36% (p = 0.07) respectively. The pCR group had significantly better OS and PFS than the non-PCR group (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.33 and 1.93, p = 0.02 and 0.049 respectively) but not the refusal-of-surgery group. Conclusion: Better pretreatment performance status is associated with higher chance of pCR. Consistent with previous studies, we found attainment of pCR confers the best OS and PFS. Suboptimal OS in the refusal-of-surgery group reflects some of them would have residual disease in addition to complete remission. Further studies are needed to identify prognostic factors of pCR to select candidates who could validly decline esophagectomy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/drug therapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Neoplasm Staging ; Esophagectomy/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-27
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2096659-3
ISSN	1876-0821 ; 0929-6646
ISSN (online)	1876-0821
ISSN	0929-6646
DOI	10.1016/j.jfma.2023.06.010
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Zs.B 1041: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Prenatal Diagnosis of Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia with 46, X, Isochromosome Xq/45, X Mosaicism.

Hsu, Chin-Chieh / Lee, Chien-Hong / Chang, Shuenn-Dyh / Ko, Tsang-Ming / Ueng, Shir-Hwa / Chen, Yu-Hsiu / Wang, Mei-Chia / Chang, Yao-Lung

Genes

2022 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is an uncommon vascular anomaly of the placenta with characteristics of placentomegaly and multicystic appearance and with or without association with fetal chromosomal anomaly. We present a unique placental mesenchymal ... ...

Abstract	Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is an uncommon vascular anomaly of the placenta with characteristics of placentomegaly and multicystic appearance and with or without association with fetal chromosomal anomaly. We present a unique placental mesenchymal dysplasia patient with amniotic fluid karyotyping as 46, X, iso(X) (q10). Detailed molecular testing of the amniotic fluid, fetal cord blood, non-dysplastic placenta and dysplastic placenta was conducted after termination of pregnancy, from which we proved biparental/androgenetic (46, X, i(X) (q10)/45, X) mosaicism in different gestational tissues. A high portion of androgenetic cells in dysplastic placenta (74.2%) and near 100% of biparental cells in the fetus's blood and amniotic fluid were revealed. Delicate mosaic analyses were performed, and possible pathogenesis and embryogenesis of this case were drawn up.
MeSH term(s)	Amniotic Fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Isochromosomes/genetics ; Mosaicism ; Placenta/pathology ; Placenta Diseases/diagnosis ; Placenta Diseases/genetics ; Placenta Diseases/pathology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes13020245
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Article: Prenatal Diagnosis of Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia with 46, X, Isochromosome Xq/45, X Mosaicism

Hsu, Chin-Chieh / Lee, Chien-Hong / Chang, Shuenn-Dyh / Ko, Tsang-Ming / Ueng, Shir-Hwa / Chen, Yu-Hsiu / Wang, Mei-Chia / Chang, Yao-Lung

Genes. 2022 Jan. 27, v. 13, no. 2

2022

Abstract	Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is an uncommon vascular anomaly of the placenta with characteristics of placentomegaly and multicystic appearance and with or without association with fetal chromosomal anomaly. We present a unique placental mesenchymal dysplasia patient with amniotic fluid karyotyping as 46, X, iso(X) (q10). Detailed molecular testing of the amniotic fluid, fetal cord blood, non-dysplastic placenta and dysplastic placenta was conducted after termination of pregnancy, from which we proved biparental/androgenetic (46, X, i(X) (q10)/45, X) mosaicism in different gestational tissues. A high portion of androgenetic cells in dysplastic placenta (74.2%) and near 100% of biparental cells in the fetus’s blood and amniotic fluid were revealed. Delicate mosaic analyses were performed, and possible pathogenesis and embryogenesis of this case were drawn up.
Keywords	amniotic fluid ; blood ; embryogenesis ; fetus ; karyotyping ; pathogenesis ; patients ; placenta ; pregnancy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0127
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes13020245
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: High Serum Elafin Prediction of Poor Prognosis of Locoregional Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Wu, I-Chen / Wang, Yao-Kuang / Chen, Yi-Hsun / Wu, Chun-Chieh / Wu, Meng-Chieh / Chen, Wei-Chung / Wang, Wen-Lun / Lin, Hung-Shun / Chen, Chou-Cheng / Chou, Shah-Hwa / Liu, Yu-Peng / Wu, Ming-Tsang

Cancers

2021 Volume 13, Issue 12

Abstract: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive tumor known to have locally advanced and metastatic features which cause a dismal prognosis. We sought to determine whether elafin, a non-invasive and secretory small-molecule marker, could ...

Abstract	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive tumor known to have locally advanced and metastatic features which cause a dismal prognosis. We sought to determine whether elafin, a non-invasive and secretory small-molecule marker, could be used to predict prognosis in locoregional ESCC patients in human and in vitro studies. In our human study, 119 subjects were identified as having incident and pathologically-proved ESCC with stage I-IIIA tumors from southern Taiwan between 2000 and 2016. We measured their serum elafin levels at baseline and followed them until the date of cancer death or until January 2020, the end of this study. Those with high serum elafin levels were found to have a 1.99-fold risk (95% confidence interval: 1.17-3.38) shorter survival than those who did not. In our in vitro experiments, elevated elafin levels were found to drive ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while attenuation of elafin level by shRNA abrogated those effects. We concluded that elafin promotes ESCC motility and invasion and leads to a worse clinical prognosis in ESCC patients without distant metastasis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers13123082
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Article ; Online: Sewage sludge ash-based mortar as construction material: Mechanical studies, macrofouling, and marine toxicity.

Prabhakar, Arun Kumar / Krishnan, Padmaja / Lee, Serina Siew-Chen / Lim, Chin Sing / Dixit, Anjaneya / Mohan, Babu Cadiam / Teoh, Jia Heng / Pang, Sze Dai / Tsang, Daniel C W / Teo, Serena Lay-Ming / Wang, Chi-Hwa

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 824, Page(s) 153768

Abstract: Incinerated sewage sludge ash is tested here as a cement and aggregate substitute in mortar blocks. It can be used at various percentages to reduce the overall cost of production and promote ash recycling. The compressive strength of the cast blocks was ... ...

Abstract	Incinerated sewage sludge ash is tested here as a cement and aggregate substitute in mortar blocks. It can be used at various percentages to reduce the overall cost of production and promote ash recycling. The compressive strength of the cast blocks was tested at 28 days to determine the optimal combination of ball milled ash (replacing cement) and sewage sludge ash (replacing sand). This was compared with a control block made of cement and sand only. The cast blocks with the optimal ash formulation were tested for their flexural strength and other properties such as surface functional groups, constituent phases and porosity. The control and ash mortars exhibited similar properties. A potential application of these blocks is to use them as part of seawalls. These blocks were thus suspended in the sea for 6 months. Marine organism attachment was observed over time in both control and ash mortar blocks. There was no significant difference between the mortars after 6 months. The mortar blocks were also subjected to leaching tests (NEN-7345). The leachates did not exhibit toxicity to microalgae. In contrast, mild toxicity was observed in the sea urchin embryo development assay. Overall, the study suggests that sewage sludge ash is a potential material to be used for seawall construction as it has the desirable mechanical properties. However, there remain some residual marine toxicity concerns that need to be further addressed.
MeSH term(s)	Compressive Strength ; Construction Materials ; Recycling ; Sand ; Sewage
Chemical Substances	Sand ; Sewage
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153768
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A proposed approach to confirm heroin administration - Regional differences in heroin purity is a major factor.

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

2021 Volume 128, Page(s) 105097

Abstract: In forensic toxicology, a marker of street heroin use is urgent especially in the absence of urinary 6-monoacetylmorphine. ATM4G, the Glucuronide of Acetylated product of Thebaine compound 4 Metabolite (ATM4), arising from byproducts of street heroin ... ...

Abstract	In forensic toxicology, a marker of street heroin use is urgent especially in the absence of urinary 6-monoacetylmorphine. ATM4G, the Glucuronide of Acetylated product of Thebaine compound 4 Metabolite (ATM4), arising from byproducts of street heroin synthesis has been considered as a useful marker in some European studies. However, whether ATM4G is a universal marker particularly in Southeast Asia due to 'street' heroin with high purity, it's still unclear. To investigate putative markers for different regions, ATM4G and other metabolites including the Acetylated product of Thebaine compound 3 Metabolite (ATM3) and thebaol, also originated from thebaine were detected in 552 urine samples from heroin users in Taiwan. Results were compared with that from samples collected in the UK and Germany. Only a sulfo-conjugate of ATM4, ATM4S, was detected in 28 Taiwanese users using a sensitive MS
MeSH term(s)	Asia, Southeastern ; Europe ; Forensic Toxicology/methods ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Glucuronides/urine ; Heroin/metabolism ; Heroin/urine ; Humans ; Morphine Derivatives/urine ; Substance Abuse Detection/methods ; Thebaine/urine
Chemical Substances	Glucuronides ; Morphine Derivatives ; Thebaine (2P9MKG8GX7) ; Heroin (70D95007SX) ; 6-O-monoacetylmorphine (M5E47P1ZCH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604672-1
ISSN	1096-0295 ; 0273-2300
ISSN (online)	1096-0295
ISSN	0273-2300
DOI	10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105097
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