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  1. Article ; Online: Ophthalmic Findings in Aboriginal Children with High Rates of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: The Lililwan Project.

    Tsang, Tracey W / Allen, Tiffany / Turner, Angus / Bowyer, Joshua / Fitzpatrick, James / Latimer, Jane / Oscar, June / Carter, Maureen / Elliott, Elizabeth J

    Ophthalmic epidemiology

    2024  , Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Purpose: To describe ophthalmic findings in an Indigenous paediatric population and the associations between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), and eye anomalies.: Methods: Medical records were reviewed for eye ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To describe ophthalmic findings in an Indigenous paediatric population and the associations between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), and eye anomalies.
    Methods: Medical records were reviewed for eye problems, and eye assessments were conducted by an orthoptist or ophthalmologist in the Lililwan Project cohort, which comprised 108 (81%) of all children born between 2002 and 2003, and residing in the remote Fitzroy Valley, Western Australia in 2010. Values from ophthalmic assessments and prevalence of abnormalities were presented for the total cohort and stratified by group: FASD; PAE (no FASD); and No PAE.
    Results: Of children, 55% had PAE and 19% FASD. Most (98%) had normal vision; 15.6% had keratometry cylinder values indicating astigmatism and potential for improved vision with glasses. Strabismus (22.3%), short palpebral fissure length (PFL; 21.3%), upslanting palpebral fissures (12.0%), follicular trachomatous inflammation (6.9%), abnormal slit lamp assessments (6.7%), retinal tortuosity (6.7%), and blepharoptosis (5.6%) were identified. Strabismus and trachoma rates were higher than in the general child population. Ophthalmic findings were similar between groups except for prevalence of short PFL (FASD > No PAE;
    Conclusion: Despite the small sample, some eye abnormalities were higher in children with PAE and/or FASD. Access to eye services or assessment of vision and structural eye anomalies is essential for Indigenous children, particularly those with PAE or FASD to allow early effective treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1213070-9
    ISSN 1744-5086 ; 0928-6586
    ISSN (online) 1744-5086
    ISSN 0928-6586
    DOI 10.1080/09286586.2024.2331539
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Groupthink in Science

    Allen, David M. / Howell, James W.

    Greed, Pathological Altruism, Ideology, Competition, and Culture

    2020  

    Abstract: This book discusses one of the hottest topics in science today, i.e., the concern over certain problematic practices within the scientific enterprise. It raises questions and, more importantly, begins to supply answers about one particularly widespread ... ...

    Author's details edited by David M. Allen, James W. Howell
    Abstract This book discusses one of the hottest topics in science today, i.e., the concern over certain problematic practices within the scientific enterprise. It raises questions and, more importantly, begins to supply answers about one particularly widespread phenomenon that sometimes impedes scientific progress: group processes. The book looks at many problematic manifestations of “going along with the crowd” that are adopted at the expense of truth. Closely related is the concept of pathological altruism or altruism bias—the tendency of scientists to bias their research in order to further the ideological or financial interests of an “in-group” at the expense of both the interest of other groups as well as the truth. The book challenges the widespread notion that science is invariably a benevolent, benign process. It defines the scientific enterprise, in practice as opposed to in theory, as a cultural system designed to produce factual knowledge. In effect, the book offers a broad and unique take on an important and incompletely explored subject: research and academic discourse that sacrifices scientific objectivity, and perhaps even the scientist’s own ethical standards, in order to further the goals of a particular group of researchers or reinforce their shared belief system or their own interests, whether economic, ideological, or bureaucratic.
    Keywords Health psychology ; Medicine ; Technology—Sociological aspects ; Psychotherapy ; Counseling ; Health Psychology ; Medicine/Public Health, general ; Science and Technology Studies ; Psychotherapy and Counseling ; Investigació ; Frau científic ; Aspectes morals ; Interès general
    Subject code 501.9
    Language English
    Size 1 online resource (285 pages)
    Edition 1st ed. 2020.
    Publisher Springer International Publishing ; Imprint: Springer
    Publishing place Cham
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Note Includes index.
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    ISBN 3-030-36822-X ; 3-030-36821-1 ; 978-3-030-36822-7 ; 978-3-030-36821-0
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-36822-7
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  3. Article ; Online: Reply to "Letter on Spasticity Predicts Motor Recovery in Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury".

    Sangari, Sina / Chen, Bing / Hobbs, Sara / Olson, Amanda / Anschel, Alan / Kim, Ki / Chen, David / Kessler, Allison / Heinemann, Allen W / Oudega, Martin / Kwon, Brian K / Kirshblum, Steven / Guest, James D / Perez, Monica A

    Annals of neurology

    2024  Volume 95, Issue 5, Page(s) 1011–1012

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications ; Muscle Spasticity/etiology ; Muscle Spasticity/physiopathology ; Recovery of Function/physiology ; Predictive Value of Tests
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80362-5
    ISSN 1531-8249 ; 0364-5134
    ISSN (online) 1531-8249
    ISSN 0364-5134
    DOI 10.1002/ana.26908
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Differential laboratory passaging of SARS-CoV-2 viral stocks impacts the in vitro assessment of neutralizing antibodies.

    Avila-Herrera, Aram / Kimbrel, Jeffrey A / Manuel Martí, Jose / Thissen, James / Saada, Edwin A / Weisenberger, Tracy / Arrildt, Kathryn T / Segelke, Brent W / Allen, Jonathan E / Zemla, Adam / Borucki, Monica K

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) e0289198

    Abstract: Viral populations in natural infections can have a high degree of sequence diversity, which can directly impact immune escape. However, antibody potency is often tested in vitro with a relatively clonal viral populations, such as laboratory virus or ... ...

    Abstract Viral populations in natural infections can have a high degree of sequence diversity, which can directly impact immune escape. However, antibody potency is often tested in vitro with a relatively clonal viral populations, such as laboratory virus or pseudotyped virus stocks, which may not accurately represent the genetic diversity of circulating viral genotypes. This can affect the validity of viral phenotype assays, such as antibody neutralization assays. To address this issue, we tested whether recombinant virus carrying SARS-CoV-2 spike (VSV-SARS-CoV-2-S) stocks could be made more genetically diverse by passage, and if a stock passaged under selective pressure was more capable of escaping monoclonal antibody (mAb) neutralization than unpassaged stock or than viral stock passaged without selective pressures. We passaged VSV-SARS-CoV-2-S four times concurrently in three cell lines and then six times with or without polyclonal antiserum selection pressure. All three of the monoclonal antibodies tested neutralized the viral population present in the unpassaged stock. The viral inoculum derived from serial passage without antiserum selection pressure was neutralized by two of the three mAbs. However, the viral inoculum derived from serial passage under antiserum selection pressure escaped neutralization by all three mAbs. Deep sequencing revealed the rapid acquisition of multiple mutations associated with antibody escape in the VSV-SARS-CoV-2-S that had been passaged in the presence of antiserum, including key mutations present in currently circulating Omicron subvariants. These data indicate that viral stock that was generated under polyclonal antiserum selection pressure better reflects the natural environment of the circulating virus and may yield more biologically relevant outcomes in phenotypic assays. Thus, mAb assessment assays that utilize a more genetically diverse, biologically relevant, virus stock may yield data that are relevant for prediction of mAb efficacy and for enhancing biosurveillance.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Antibodies, Viral ; Neutralization Tests ; COVID-19 ; Immune Sera ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Immune Sera ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0289198
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Genotypic analysis of a localised hotspot of Pestivirus A (BVDV-1) infections in Northern Ireland.

    McConville, James / Allen, Adrian / Moyce, Asa / Donaghy, Aoibheann / Clarke, Joe / Guelbenzu-Gonzalo, Maria / Byrne, Andrew W / Verner, Sharon / Strain, Sam / McInerney, Barry / Holmes, Emma

    The Veterinary record

    2024  , Page(s) e4150

    Abstract: Background: Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) is caused by Pestivirus A and Pestivirus B. Northern Ireland (NI) embarked on a compulsory BVD eradication scheme in 2016, which continues to this day, so an understanding of the composition of the pestivirus ... ...

    Abstract Background: Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) is caused by Pestivirus A and Pestivirus B. Northern Ireland (NI) embarked on a compulsory BVD eradication scheme in 2016, which continues to this day, so an understanding of the composition of the pestivirus genotypes in the cattle population of NI is required.
    Methods: This molecular epidemiology study employed 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) genetic sequencing to examine the pestivirus genotypes circulating in samples taken from a hotspot of BVD outbreaks in the Enniskillen area in 2019.
    Results: Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)-1e (Pestivirus A) was detected for the first time in Northern Ireland, and at a high frequency, in an infection hotspot in Enniskillen in 2019. There was no evidence of infection with BVDV-2 (Pestivirus B), Border disease virus (pestivirus D) or HoBi-like virus/BVDV-3 (pestivirus H).
    Limitations: Only 5'UTR sequencing was used, so supplementary sequencing, along with phylogenetic trees that include all BVDV-1 genotype reference strains, would improve accuracy. Examination of farm locations and animal movement/trade is also required.
    Conclusions: Genotype BVDV-1e was found for the first time in Northern Ireland, indicating an increase in the genetic diversity of BVDV-1, which could have implications for vaccine design and highlights the need for continued pestivirus genotypic surveillance.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390015-0
    ISSN 2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
    ISSN (online) 2042-7670
    ISSN 0042-4900
    DOI 10.1002/vetr.4150
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: 2024 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Treatment of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.

    Maddox, Thomas M / Januzzi, James L / Allen, Larry A / Breathett, Khadijah / Brouse, Sara / Butler, Javed / Davis, Leslie L / Fonarow, Gregg C / Ibrahim, Nasrien E / Lindenfeld, JoAnn / Masoudi, Frederick A / Motiwala, Shweta R / Oliveros, Estefania / Walsh, Mary Norine / Wasserman, Alan / Yancy, Clyde W / Youmans, Quentin R

    Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    2024  Volume 83, Issue 15, Page(s) 1444–1488

    MeSH term(s) United States ; Humans ; Consensus ; Cardiology ; Heart Failure/therapy ; Cardiovascular System ; Stroke Volume
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Practice Guideline
    ZDB-ID 605507-2
    ISSN 1558-3597 ; 0735-1097
    ISSN (online) 1558-3597
    ISSN 0735-1097
    DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.024
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  7. Article ; Online: Methods of the PivotaL triAl of the Atellica VTLi point of care emergencY dePartment high sensitivity troponin evalUationS.

    Peacock, W Frank / Januzzi, James L / de Theije, Femke / Briseno, Taylor / Headden, Gary / Birkhahn, Robert / Allen, Brandon R / Mahler, Simon A

    Clinical biochemistry

    2023  Volume 121-122, Page(s) 110679

    Abstract: Background: The Atellica® VTLi point-of-care (POC) High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin-I (hs-cTnI) assay is intended for use as an aid in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Our primary objective is to assess its diagnostic performance in ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Atellica® VTLi point-of-care (POC) High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin-I (hs-cTnI) assay is intended for use as an aid in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Our primary objective is to assess its diagnostic performance in patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
    Methods: This prospective observational study will enrol ∼1500 patients at ∼20 U.S. Emergency Departments. After informed consent, adults (>21 years of age) with suspected ACS, and no prior enrollment in this study, will provide a fingerstick and venous blood sample within 2 h of ED presentation, >2 to ≤4 h, and >4 to ≤9 h (max. blood draw = 60 mL). HEART and EDACS scores will be prospectively documented. Patients without the first blood draw may be enrolled if the second draw was obtained. Capillary and venous whole blood will undergo Atellica VTLi assay testing, with remaining venous sample processed to plasma and run. All results will be blinded to the clinical care team. Site operators will undergo a 3-day familiarization period. Quality control testing will be performed daily. At 30 ± 3 days, patient mortality status, major adverse cardiac events, and rehospitalizations will be determined. A clinical endpoint adjudication committee, blinded to hs-cTnI VTLi result, will define the final diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values will describe the assay performance.
    Results: We expect study completion within 114 weeks of enrollment of the first patient.
    Conclusions: It is anticipated that the Atellica VTLi hs-cTnI assay validation study will define a performance equivalent to lab-based hs-cTnI, with results within ∼8 min at the point of care.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Myocardial Infarction ; Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Troponin I ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Troponin T ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances Troponin I ; Troponin T ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390372-2
    ISSN 1873-2933 ; 0009-9120
    ISSN (online) 1873-2933
    ISSN 0009-9120
    DOI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110679
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Patient-Reported Outcomes and Factors Associated with Achieving the Minimal Clinically Important Difference After ACL Reconstruction: Results at a Mean 7.7-Year Follow-up.

    Nwachukwu, Benedict U / Sullivan, Spencer W / Rauck, Ryan C / James, Evan W / Burger, Joost A / Altchek, David W / Allen, Answorth A / Williams, Riley J

    JB & JS open access

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 4

    Abstract: Background: Analyzing outcomes and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is of increased interest in the orthopaedic literature. The purposes of this study were to report outcomes after ...

    Abstract Background: Analyzing outcomes and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is of increased interest in the orthopaedic literature. The purposes of this study were to report outcomes after ACLR at medium to long-term follow-up, identify the threshold preoperative outcome values that would be predictive of achieving the MCID postoperatively, and analyze outcome maintenance at medium to long-term follow-up after ACLR.
    Methods: Active athletes who underwent ACLR were identified in an institutional ACL registry. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were administered preoperatively and at the 2-year and >5-year postoperative follow-up; measures included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS), and Lysholm scale. We calculated the MCID from baseline to each of the 2 follow-up periods (2-year and mean 7.7-year). Logistic regression was performed to investigate factors associated with achievement of the MCID.
    Results: A total of 142 patients (mean follow-up, 7.7 years [range, 6.6 to 9.1 years]) underwent ACLR. The mean age and body mass index at the time of surgery were 27.2 ± 13.0 years and 23.2 ± 3.0 kg/m
    Conclusions: We found a high level of maintained function following ACLR. The IKDC, SF-12 PCS, and Lysholm scores improved significantly after ACLR at the time of final follow-up and were not significantly different between follow-up periods. Approximately 95% and 89% of patients reported being satisfied with the outcome of surgery at the 2-year and final follow-up, respectively.
    Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2472-7245
    ISSN (online) 2472-7245
    DOI 10.2106/JBJS.OA.21.00056
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Vorinostat, temozolomide or bevacizumab with irradiation and maintenance BEV/TMZ in pediatric high-grade glioma: A Children's Oncology Group Study.

    Lulla, Rishi R / Buxton, Allen / Krailo, Mark D / Lazow, Margot A / Boue, Daniel R / Leach, James L / Lin, Tong / Geller, James I / Kumar, Shiva Senthil / Nikiforova, Marina N / Chandran, Uma / Jogal, Sachin S / Nelson, Marvin D / Onar-Thomas, Arzu / Haas-Kogan, Daphne A / Cohen, Kenneth J / Kieran, Mark W / Gajjar, Amar / Drissi, Rachid /
    Pollack, Ian F / Fouladi, Maryam

    Neuro-oncology advances

    2024  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) vdae035

    Abstract: Background: Outcomes for children with high-grade gliomas (HGG) remain poor. This multicenter phase II trial evaluated whether concurrent use of vorinostat or bevacizumab with focal radiotherapy (RT) improved 1-year event-free survival (EFS) compared to ...

    Abstract Background: Outcomes for children with high-grade gliomas (HGG) remain poor. This multicenter phase II trial evaluated whether concurrent use of vorinostat or bevacizumab with focal radiotherapy (RT) improved 1-year event-free survival (EFS) compared to temozolomide in children with newly diagnosed HGG who received maintenance temozolomide and bevacizumab.
    Methods: Patients ≥ 3 and < 22 years with localized, non-brainstem HGG were randomized to receive RT (dose 54-59.4Gy) with vorinostat, temozolomide, or bevacizumab followed by 12 cycles of bevacizumab and temozolomide maintenance therapy.
    Results: Among 90 patients randomized, the 1-year EFS for concurrent bevacizumab, vorinostat, or temozolomide with RT was 43.8% (±8.8%), 41.4% (±9.2%), and 59.3% (±9.5%), respectively, with no significant difference among treatment arms. Three- and five-year EFS for the entire cohort was 14.8% and 13.4%, respectively, with no significant EFS difference among the chemoradiotherapy arms.
    Conclusions: Chemoradiotherapy with vorinostat or bevacizumab is not superior to temozolomide in children with newly diagnosed HGG. Patients with telomerase- and ALT-negative tumors had higher EFS suggesting that, if reproduced, mechanism of telomere maintenance should be considered in molecular-risk stratification in future studies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3009682-0
    ISSN 2632-2498 ; 2632-2498
    ISSN (online) 2632-2498
    ISSN 2632-2498
    DOI 10.1093/noajnl/vdae035
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Prospective Assessment of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Multi-site Photoplethysmography Pulse Measurements for Diagnosis of Peripheral Artery Disease in Primary Care.

    Stansby, Gerard / Sims, Andrew J / Wilson, Lesley / Beale, Tom A W / Wightman, James / Guri, Ina / Wilkes, Scott / Haining, Shona / Allen, John

    Angiology

    2022  Volume 74, Issue 9, Page(s) 859–867

    Abstract: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with cerebral and coronary artery disease. Symptomatic PAD affects about 5% of people over 55 years; many more have asymptomatic PAD. Early detection enables modification of arterial disease risk factors. ... ...

    Abstract Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with cerebral and coronary artery disease. Symptomatic PAD affects about 5% of people over 55 years; many more have asymptomatic PAD. Early detection enables modification of arterial disease risk factors. Diagnostically, assessment of symptoms or signs can be unreliable; ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) testing is time-consuming and few healthcare professionals are properly trained. This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of multi-site photoplethysmography (MPPG), an alternative non-invasive test for PAD, in primary care. PAD patients identified from general practice registers were age- and sex-matched with controls. Participants were assessed using MPPG, ABPI and duplex ultrasound (DUS). Outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity of MPPG and ABPI (relative to DUS) and concordance. MPPG test results were available in 249 of 298 eligible participants from 16 practices between May 2015 and November 2016. DUS detected PAD in 101/249 (40.6%). MPPG sensitivity was 79.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 69.9-87.6%), with specificity 71.9% (95% CI 63.7-79.2%). ABPI sensitivity was 80.2% (95% CI 70.8-87.6%), with specificity 88.6% (95% CI 82-93.5%). With comparable sensitivity to ABPI, MPPG is quick, automated and simpler to do than ABPI; it offers the potential for rapid and accessible PAD assessments in primary care.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Photoplethysmography ; Prospective Studies ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnosis ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80040-5
    ISSN 1940-1574 ; 0003-3197
    ISSN (online) 1940-1574
    ISSN 0003-3197
    DOI 10.1177/00033197221121614
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