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Artikel: CACO-2 cells: A continuous cell line with sensitive and broad-spectrum utility for respiratory virus culture

Ramani, Rama / Laplante, Jennifer M. / Church, Theresa M. / Farrell, Gregory M. / Lamson, Daryl M. / St. George, Kirsten

Journal of virological methods. 2021 July, v. 293

2021

Abstract: Primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (RhMK) can be used for the detection of respiratory viruses, including influenza and parainfluenza. The human colon adeno-carcinoma cell line, CACO-2, has been previously used for the growth of multiple influenza ... ...

Abstract	Primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (RhMK) can be used for the detection of respiratory viruses, including influenza and parainfluenza. The human colon adeno-carcinoma cell line, CACO-2, has been previously used for the growth of multiple influenza viruses, including seasonal, novel and avian lineages.We compared CACO-2, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK), and RhMK cells for the isolation of viruses from patients presenting with influenza like-illness (ILI).Nasopharyngeal specimens from patients with ILI in primary care settings were processed for conventional viral culture in MDCK, RhMK, and CACO-2. Cells were examined microscopically for cytopathic effect (CPE) and confirmatory testing included immunofluorescent antigen (IFA) detection and real-time RT-PCR. Additionally, 16 specimens positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by PCR were inoculated on CACO-2 cells. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test with IBM Statistical Program.Of 1031 respiratory specimens inoculated, viruses were isolated and confirmed from 331 (32.1 %) in MDCK cells, 304 (29.5 %) in RhMk cells, and 433 (42.0 %) in CACO-2 cells. These included influenza A/(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), influenza B, parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1, 2, and 3, human coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E), human adenovirus (HAdV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV 1), and enterovirus (EV). Influenza A viruses grew best in the CACO-2 cell line. Time to observation of CPE was similar for all three cell types but unlike RhMK and MDCK cells, virus-specific morphological changes were indistinguishable in CACO-2 cells. None of the 16 specimens positive for RSV by PCR grew on CACO-2 cells.The overall respiratory virus culture isolation rate in CACO-2 cells was significantly higher than that in RhMK or MDCK cells (p < 0.05). CACO-2 cells also supported the growth of some viruses that did not grow in either RhMK or MDCK cells. Except for RSV, CACO-2 cells provide a worthwhile addition to culture algorithms for respiratory specimens.
Schlagwörter	Human alphaherpesvirus 1 ; Human coronavirus 229E ; Macaca mulatta ; Mastadenovirus ; Respiratory syncytial virus ; antigens ; birds ; chi-square distribution ; colon ; cytopathogenicity ; dogs ; human cell lines ; humans ; influenza ; kidneys ; virus culture ; viruses
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2021-07
Erscheinungsort	Elsevier B.V.
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114120
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel: Implementing a "convergent" framework of action against childhood malnutrition in urban informal settlements of Mumbai: Frontline perspectives.

Ramani, Sudha / Sridhar, Rama / Shende, Sushma / Manjarekar, Shreya / Patil, Sonali / Pantvaidya, Shanti / Fernandez, Armida / Jayaraman, Anuja

Journal of family medicine and primary care

2021 Band 10, Heft 10, Seite(n) 3600–3605

Abstract: Context: The National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyaan) intends to "converge" nutrition-related program components across sectors (nutrition, health, water, and sanitation). In this study, we have examined the perspectives of Anganwadi workers (AWWs), ...

Abstract	Context: The National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyaan) intends to "converge" nutrition-related program components across sectors (nutrition, health, water, and sanitation). In this study, we have examined the perspectives of Anganwadi workers (AWWs), the frontline workers of the Integrated Child Development Services, on working in convergence with the public health sector. Methods: This exploratory qualitative study was done between June 2018 and June 2019 in two urban informal settlements in Mumbai. We conducted in-depth interviews with 26 AWWs and their supervisors, purposively sampled and diversified in terms of age, education, and years of experience. We used the software NVivo version 12 to aid analysis. Results: Most AWWs acknowledged that a convergent framework of action between "nutrition" and "health" was likely to be beneficial to the community. However, they also shared that cross-sector convergence was currently limited due to technical unfamiliarity with "health-sector" issues in the frontline, discomfort with data sharing, and lack of meaningful incentives for joint work. Broader organizational challenges such as poor infrastructure and lack of supervision, as well as challenges in the urban context (migration and cultural barriers) further hindered joint activities. Conclusions: The findings indicate that critical structural gaps in the urban setup of ICDS need to be addressed and AWWs need to be better familiarized with the changing roles expected from them under
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-11-05
Erscheinungsland	India
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2735275-4
ISSN	2278-7135 ; 2249-4863
ISSN (online)	2278-7135
ISSN	2249-4863
DOI	10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2526_20
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Implementing a “convergent” framework of action against childhood malnutrition in urban informal settlements of Mumbai

Sudha Ramani / Rama Sridhar / Sushma Shende / Shreya Manjarekar / Sonali Patil / Shanti Pantvaidya / Armida Fernandez / Anuja Jayaraman

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 10, Iss 10, Pp 3600-

Frontline perspectives

2021 Band 3605

Abstract: Context: The National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyaan) intends to “converge” nutrition-related program components across sectors (nutrition, health, water, and sanitation). In this study, we have examined the perspectives of Anganwadi workers (AWWs), ... ...

Abstract	Context: The National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyaan) intends to “converge” nutrition-related program components across sectors (nutrition, health, water, and sanitation). In this study, we have examined the perspectives of Anganwadi workers (AWWs), the frontline workers of the Integrated Child Development Services, on working in convergence with the public health sector. Methods: This exploratory qualitative study was done between June 2018 and June 2019 in two urban informal settlements in Mumbai. We conducted in-depth interviews with 26 AWWs and their supervisors, purposively sampled and diversified in terms of age, education, and years of experience. We used the software NVivo version 12 to aid analysis. Results: Most AWWs acknowledged that a convergent framework of action between “nutrition” and “health” was likely to be beneficial to the community. However, they also shared that cross-sector convergence was currently limited due to technical unfamiliarity with “health-sector” issues in the frontline, discomfort with data sharing, and lack of meaningful incentives for joint work. Broader organizational challenges such as poor infrastructure and lack of supervision, as well as challenges in the urban context (migration and cultural barriers) further hindered joint activities. Conclusions: The findings indicate that critical structural gaps in the urban setup of ICDS need to be addressed and AWWs need to be better familiarized with the changing roles expected from them under POSHAN Abhiyaan. To work better with the health sector, the work timings of AWWs need to be aligned with those of the health sector and meaningful financial incentives need to be put in place for cross-sector activities.
Schlagwörter	anganwadi workers ; convergence ; national nutrition mission ; urban informal settlements ; Medicine ; R
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	360
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: CACO-2 cells: A continuous cell line with sensitive and broad-spectrum utility for respiratory virus culture.

Ramani, Rama / Laplante, Jennifer M / Church, Theresa M / Farrell, Gregory M / Lamson, Daryl M / St George, Kirsten

Journal of virological methods

2021 Band 293, Seite(n) 114120

Abstract: Background: Primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (RhMK) can be used for the detection of respiratory viruses, including influenza and parainfluenza. The human colon adeno-carcinoma cell line, CACO-2, has been previously used for the growth of multiple ... ...

Abstract	Background: Primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (RhMK) can be used for the detection of respiratory viruses, including influenza and parainfluenza. The human colon adeno-carcinoma cell line, CACO-2, has been previously used for the growth of multiple influenza viruses, including seasonal, novel and avian lineages. Objective: We compared CACO-2, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK), and RhMK cells for the isolation of viruses from patients presenting with influenza like-illness (ILI). Study design: Nasopharyngeal specimens from patients with ILI in primary care settings were processed for conventional viral culture in MDCK, RhMK, and CACO-2. Cells were examined microscopically for cytopathic effect (CPE) and confirmatory testing included immunofluorescent antigen (IFA) detection and real-time RT-PCR. Additionally, 16 specimens positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by PCR were inoculated on CACO-2 cells. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test with IBM Statistical Program. Results: Of 1031 respiratory specimens inoculated, viruses were isolated and confirmed from 331 (32.1 %) in MDCK cells, 304 (29.5 %) in RhMk cells, and 433 (42.0 %) in CACO-2 cells. These included influenza A/(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), influenza B, parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1, 2, and 3, human coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E), human adenovirus (HAdV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV 1), and enterovirus (EV). Influenza A viruses grew best in the CACO-2 cell line. Time to observation of CPE was similar for all three cell types but unlike RhMK and MDCK cells, virus-specific morphological changes were indistinguishable in CACO-2 cells. None of the 16 specimens positive for RSV by PCR grew on CACO-2 cells. Conclusions: The overall respiratory virus culture isolation rate in CACO-2 cells was significantly higher than that in RhMK or MDCK cells (p < 0.05). CACO-2 cells also supported the growth of some viruses that did not grow in either RhMK or MDCK cells. Except for RSV, CACO-2 cells provide a worthwhile addition to culture algorithms for respiratory specimens.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adenoviruses, Human/growth & development ; Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Caco-2 Cells ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx/virology ; Orthomyxoviridae/growth & development ; Orthomyxoviridae/isolation & purification ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/growth & development ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification ; Young Adult
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-03-04
Erscheinungsland	Netherlands
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114120
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Corona was scary, lockdown was worse: A mixed-methods study of community perceptions on COVID-19 from urban informal settlements of Mumbai.

Ramani, Sudha / Bahuguna, Manjula / Tiwari, Apurva / Shende, Sushma / Waingankar, Anagha / Sridhar, Rama / Shaikh, Nikhat / Das, Sushmita / Pantvaidya, Shanti / Fernandez, Armida / Jayaraman, Anuja

PloS one

2022 Band 17, Heft 5, Seite(n) e0268133

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified the multiple vulnerabilities of people living in urban informal settlements globally. To bring community voices from such settlements to the center of COVID-19 response strategies, we undertook a study in the urban ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified the multiple vulnerabilities of people living in urban informal settlements globally. To bring community voices from such settlements to the center of COVID-19 response strategies, we undertook a study in the urban informal settlements of Dharavi, Mumbai, from September 2020-April 2021. In this study, we have examined the awareness, attitudes, reported practices, and some broader experiences of the community in Dharavi with respect to COVID-19. We have used a mixed-methods approach, that included a cross-sectional survey of 468 people, and in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 49 people living in this area. Data was collected via a mix of phone and face-to-face interviews. We have presented here the descriptive statistics from the survey and the key themes that emerged from our qualitative data. People reported high levels of knowledge about COVID-19, with television (90%), family and friends (56%), and social media (47%) being the main sources of information. The knowledge people had, however, was not free of misconceptions and fear; people were scared of being forcefully quarantined and dying alone during the early days of COVID-19. These fears had negative repercussions in the form of patient-related stigma and hesitancy in seeking healthcare. A year into the pandemic, however, people reported a shift in attitudes from 'extreme fear to low fear' (67% reported perceiving low/no COVID risk in October 2020), contributing to a general laxity in following COVID-appropriate behaviors. Currently, the community is immensely concerned about the revival of livelihoods, that have been adversely impacted due to the lockdown in 2020 as well as the continued 'othering' of Dharavi for being a COVID hotspot. These findings suggest that urban informal settlements like Dharavi need community-level messaging that counters misinformation and denial of the outbreak; local reinforcement of COVID-appropriate behaviours; and long-term social protection measures.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fear ; Humans ; Pandemics
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-05-06
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0268133
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Corona was scary, lockdown was worse

Sudha Ramani / Manjula Bahuguna / Apurva Tiwari / Sushma Shende / Anagha Waingankar / Rama Sridhar / Nikhat Shaikh / Sushmita Das / Shanti Pantvaidya / Armida Fernandez / Anuja Jayaraman

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 5, p e

A mixed-methods study of community perceptions on COVID-19 from urban informal settlements of Mumbai.

2022 Band 0268133

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified the multiple vulnerabilities of people living in urban informal settlements globally. To bring community voices from such settlements to the center of COVID-19 response strategies, we undertook a study in the urban informal settlements of Dharavi, Mumbai, from September 2020-April 2021. In this study, we have examined the awareness, attitudes, reported practices, and some broader experiences of the community in Dharavi with respect to COVID-19. We have used a mixed-methods approach, that included a cross-sectional survey of 468 people, and in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 49 people living in this area. Data was collected via a mix of phone and face-to-face interviews. We have presented here the descriptive statistics from the survey and the key themes that emerged from our qualitative data. People reported high levels of knowledge about COVID-19, with television (90%), family and friends (56%), and social media (47%) being the main sources of information. The knowledge people had, however, was not free of misconceptions and fear; people were scared of being forcefully quarantined and dying alone during the early days of COVID-19. These fears had negative repercussions in the form of patient-related stigma and hesitancy in seeking healthcare. A year into the pandemic, however, people reported a shift in attitudes from 'extreme fear to low fear' (67% reported perceiving low/no COVID risk in October 2020), contributing to a general laxity in following COVID-appropriate behaviors. Currently, the community is immensely concerned about the revival of livelihoods, that have been adversely impacted due to the lockdown in 2020 as well as the continued 'othering' of Dharavi for being a COVID hotspot. These findings suggest that urban informal settlements like Dharavi need community-level messaging that counters misinformation and denial of the outbreak; local reinforcement of COVID-appropriate behaviours; and long-term social protection measures.
Schlagwörter	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	360
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Buch ; Online: A Short Survey On Memory Based Reinforcement Learning

Ramani, Dhruv

2019

Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning which is employed to solve various ...

Abstract	Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning which is employed to solve various sequential decision making problems without proper supervision. Due to the recent advancement of deep learning, the newly proposed Deep-RL algorithms have been able to perform extremely well in sophisticated high-dimensional environments. However, even after successes in many domains, one of the major challenge in these approaches is the high magnitude of interactions with the environment required for efficient decision making. Seeking inspiration from the brain, this problem can be solved by incorporating instance based learning by biasing the decision making on the memories of high rewarding experiences. This paper reviews various recent reinforcement learning methods which incorporate external memory to solve decision making and a survey of them is presented. We provide an overview of the different methods - along with their advantages and disadvantages, applications and the standard experimentation settings used for memory based models. This review hopes to be a helpful resource to provide key insight of the recent advances in the field and provide help in further future development of it. Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1803.10760, arXiv:1803.01846, arXiv:1702.08360, arXiv:1805.12375, arXiv:1507.06527, arXiv:1810.02274, arXiv:1711.06677 by other authors
Schlagwörter	Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	006
Erscheinungsdatum	2019-04-14
Erscheinungsland	us
Dokumenttyp	Buch ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel: Analysis of Spatial and Biochemical Characteristics of In Vitro Cariogenic Biofilms.

Kumaran, Poojitha / Ramadoss, Ramya / Sundar, Sandhya / Panneer Selvam, Suganya / P, Bargavi / Ramani, Pratibha

Cureus

2024 Band 16, Heft 2, Seite(n) e53871

Abstract: Background Dental caries is the most common bacterial disease of calcified tissues of teeth. Cariogenic biofilms formed on the tooth surface secrete organic acids and thus result in demineralization. Delving into the depth of biofilms is crucial to ... ...

Abstract	Background Dental caries is the most common bacterial disease of calcified tissues of teeth. Cariogenic biofilms formed on the tooth surface secrete organic acids and thus result in demineralization. Delving into the depth of biofilms is crucial to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and design improved therapeutic approaches. The aim of the study is to analyze the spatial and biochemical characteristics of cariogenic biofilms. Materials and methods Pulp tissue samples sourced from freshly extracted third molars were incubated with oral cariogenic bacteria namely
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-02-08
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.53871
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Assessment of Female Hormonal Influence on COVID-19 Vaccine Response: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Panneer Selvam, Suganya / Ramadoss, Ramya / Shanmugam, RajeshKumar / Sundar, Sandhya / Ta, Lakshmi / Ramani, Pratibha

Cureus

2024 Band 16, Heft 2, Seite(n) e54417

Abstract: Introduction: The diversity of oral epithelial cells offers potential viral infection sites. The lower level of ACE2 inhibitors in women's blood renders them more resistant to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In order to determine the effect of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The diversity of oral epithelial cells offers potential viral infection sites. The lower level of ACE2 inhibitors in women's blood renders them more resistant to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In order to determine the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on female hormones, salivary levels of total antibody, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and cortisol were measured in young and elderly women. Methods: Saliva samples from 88 participants were collected and subjected to ELISA for detecting total antibody, IgG, and cortisol. Results: Women who were infected with COVID-19 and who completed two doses of vaccination had more IgG antibodies when compared to the uninfected individuals/single-dose/non-vaccinated individuals. The cortisol levels in post-menopausal women were higher than those in women with normal menstrual cycles, and the difference was statistically significant (P-value 0.00). The increased cortisol levels were well correlated with increased levels of IgG antibodies which was statistically significant (Spearman rho P value 0.00) Conclusions: COVID variants will continue to mutate and evolve as long as the epidemic persists. The higher cortisol and IgG antibodies produced by female hormones protect them from COVID-19 infection.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-02-18
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.54417
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Evaluations of shorter exposures of contact lens cleaning solutions against Fusarium oxysporum species complex and Fusarium solani species complex to simulate inappropriate usage.

Ramani, Rama / Chaturvedi, Vishnu

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

2011 Band 55, Heft 5, Seite(n) 2265–2275

Abstract: An outbreak of Fusarium keratitis in contact lens users resulted in withdrawal of ReNu with MoistureLoc solution, although the exact cause of the outbreak remains enigmatic. We evaluated current and discontinued multipurpose cleaning solutions (MPSs; ... ...

Abstract	An outbreak of Fusarium keratitis in contact lens users resulted in withdrawal of ReNu with MoistureLoc solution, although the exact cause of the outbreak remains enigmatic. We evaluated current and discontinued multipurpose cleaning solutions (MPSs; MoistureLoc, Equate, MultiPlus, and OptiFree Express) against plankton- and biofilm-derived cells of Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) and F. solani species complex (FSSC). The methods included a traditional assay based on CFU counts and a novel flow cytometry (FC) assay based on percent cell subpopulation (PCS) stained with two fluorochromes (Sytox Red and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate). The tests were done with the respective manufacturers' recommended cleaning regimens (240 to 360 min) and under shorter exposures (15 to 60 min) to simulate inappropriate usage by the customers. FC assay measured PCS, which was available rapidly, in 5 to 7 h, whereas 24 to 48 h was needed for CFU counts, and there was good correlation between the two methods (r2=0.97). FC assays allowed identification of injured fungal cells, which are likely to be missed with growth assays. In general, a time- and inoculum-dependent survival pattern was seen for both FOSC and FSSC cells, and biofilm-derived cells were more resistant than plankton-derived cells. MultiPlus and Equate produced 100% sterilization of fungi even under shorter exposures. However, biofilm FOSC and FSSC cells survived for up to 4 h in MoistureLoc solution and up to 6 h in OptiFree Express solution under shorter exposure times. This finding was enigmatic, as OptiFree Express is not associated with any outbreak of Fusarium keratitis. This study provides additional support for possible roles that improper lens cleaning regimens and fungal biofilms could play as predisposing factors for Fusarium keratitis.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Biofilms/drug effects ; Biofouling/prevention & control ; Contact Lens Solutions/pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Fusarium/drug effects
Chemische Substanzen	Contact Lens Solutions
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2011-02-07
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	217602-6
ISSN	1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
ISSN (online)	1098-6596
ISSN	0066-4804
DOI	10.1128/AAC.00634-09
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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