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Book: Evolutionary Psychiatry

Abed, Riadh / St John-Smith, Paul

2022

Language	English
Size	338 p.
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Book
Note	PDA Manuell_18
Format	181 x 258 x 23
ISBN	9781316516560 ; 1316516563
Database	PDA

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Article: Pope john paul meets the scientists.

Smith, R J

Science (New York, N.Y.)

1981 Volume 211, Issue 4479, Page(s) 261

Language	English
Publishing date	1981-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.211.4479.261
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Article ; Online: Combating COVID-19 Vaccine Inequity During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Mortiboy, Marissa / Zitta, John-Paul / Carrico, Savannah / Stevens, Elizabeth / Smith, Alecia / Morris, Corey / Jenkins, Rodney / Jenks, Jeffrey D

Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities

2023 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 621–630

Abstract: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, populations of color have been disproportionately impacted, with higher rates of infection, hospitalization, and mortality, compared to non-Hispanic whites. These disparities in health outcomes are likely related to a ... ...

Abstract	Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, populations of color have been disproportionately impacted, with higher rates of infection, hospitalization, and mortality, compared to non-Hispanic whites. These disparities in health outcomes are likely related to a combination of factors including underlying socioeconomic inequities, unequal access to healthcare, higher rates of employment in essential or public-facing occupations, language barriers, and COVID-19 vaccine inequities. In this manuscript the authors discuss strategies of how one local health department responded to vaccine inequities to better serve historically excluded communities throughout the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. These efforts helped increase vaccination rates in marginalized communities, primarily in the Black or African American population in Durham County, North Carolina.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Black People ; Black or African American
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2760524-3
ISSN	2196-8837 ; 2197-3792
ISSN (online)	2196-8837
ISSN	2197-3792
DOI	10.1007/s40615-023-01546-0
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Article ; Online: A Characteristic Chest Radiographic Pattern in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Smith, David L / Grenier, John-Paul / Batte, Catherine / Spieler, Bradley

Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging

2020 Volume 2, Issue 5, Page(s) e200280

Abstract: Purpose: To determine the utility of chest radiography in aiding clinical diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) utilizing reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the standard of comparison.: Materials and methods: A ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To determine the utility of chest radiography in aiding clinical diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) utilizing reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the standard of comparison. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed of persons under investigation for COVID-19 presenting to this institution during the exponential growth phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in New Orleans (March 13-25, 2020). Three hundred seventy-six in-hospital chest radiographic examinations for 366 individual patients were reviewed along with concurrent RT-PCR tests. Two experienced radiologists categorized each chest radiograph as characteristic, nonspecific, or negative in appearance for COVID-19, utilizing well-documented COVID-19 imaging patterns. Chest radiograph categorization was compared against RT-PCR results to determine the utility of chest radiography in diagnosing COVID-19. Results: Of the 366 patients, the study consisted of 178 male (49%) and 188 female (51%) patients with a mean age of 52.7 years (range, 17 to 98 years). Of the 376 chest radiographic examinations, 37 (10%) exhibited the characteristic COVID-19 appearance; 215 (57%) exhibited the nonspecific appearance; and 124 (33%) were considered negative for a pulmonary abnormality. Of the 376 RT-PCR tests evaluated, 200 (53%) were positive and 176 (47%) were negative. RT-PCR tests took an average of 2.5 days ± 0.7 to provide results. Sensitivity and specificity for correctly identifying COVID-19 with a characteristic chest radiographic pattern was 15.5% (31/200) and 96.6% (170/176), with a positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 83.8% (31/37) and 50.1% (170/339), respectively. Conclusion: The presence of patchy and/or confluent, bandlike ground-glass opacity or consolidation in a peripheral and mid to lower lung zone distribution on a chest radiograph obtained in the setting of pandemic COVID-19 was highly suggestive of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and should be used in conjunction with clinical judgment to make a diagnosis.© RSNA, 2020.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2638-6135
ISSN (online)	2638-6135
DOI	10.1148/ryct.2020200280
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Article ; Online: Developing a core outcome set (COS) for Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Grycuk, Emilia / Eichenholtz, Emily / Aarsland, Dag / Betzhold, Sara / Daly, Gillian / Fitzpatrick, Rachel / Folkerts, Ann-Kristin / Kalbe, Elke / Kane, Joseph Pm / Kinchin, Irina / Saldanha, Ian J / Smith, Valerie / Taylor, John-Paul / Thompson, Rachel / Leroi, Iracema

HRB open research

2023 Volume 5, Page(s) 57

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-10
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2515-4826
ISSN (online)	2515-4826
DOI	10.12688/hrbopenres.13590.2
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Article ; Online: Human biting mosquitoes and implications for West Nile virus transmission.

Uelmen, Johnny A / Lamcyzk, Bennett / Irwin, Patrick / Bartlett, Dan / Stone, Chris / Mackay, Andrew / Arsenault-Benoit, Arielle / Ryan, Sadie J / Mutebi, John-Paul / Hamer, Gabriel L / Fritz, Megan / Smith, Rebecca L

Parasites & vectors

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 2

Abstract: Background: West Nile virus (WNV), primarily vectored by mosquitoes of the genus Culex, is the most important mosquito-borne pathogen in North America, having infected thousands of humans and countless wildlife since its arrival in the USA in 1999. In ... ...

Abstract	Background: West Nile virus (WNV), primarily vectored by mosquitoes of the genus Culex, is the most important mosquito-borne pathogen in North America, having infected thousands of humans and countless wildlife since its arrival in the USA in 1999. In locations with dedicated mosquito control programs, surveillance methods often rely on frequent testing of mosquitoes collected in a network of gravid traps (GTs) and CO Methods: This study leverages an alternative mosquito collection method, the human landing catch (HLC), as a means to compare sampling of potential WNV vectors to traditional trapping methods. Human collectors exposed one limb for 15 min at crepuscular periods (5:00-8:30 am and 6:00-9:30 pm daily, the time when Culex species are most actively host-seeking) at each of 55 study sites in suburban Chicago, Illinois, for two summers (2018 and 2019). Results: A total of 223 human-seeking mosquitoes were caught by HLC, of which 46 (20.6%) were mosquitoes of genus Culex. Of these 46 collected Culex specimens, 34 (73.9%) were Cx. salinarius, a potential WNV vector species not thought to be highly abundant in upper Midwest USA. Per trapping effort, GTs and LTs collected > 7.5-fold the number of individual Culex specimens than HLC efforts. Conclusions: The less commonly used HLC method provides important insight into the complement of human-biting mosquitoes in a region with consistent WNV epidemics. This study underscores the value of the HLC collection method as a complementary tool for surveillance to aid in WNV vector species characterization. However, given the added risk to the collector, novel mitigation methods or alternative approaches must be explored to incorporate HLC collections safely and strategically into control programs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Humans ; West Nile virus ; Mosquito Vectors ; Animals, Wild ; Culex ; Mosquito Control/methods ; West Nile Fever
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-022-05603-1
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Article ; Online: Developing a core outcome set (COS) for Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) [version 2; peer review

Ian J Saldanha / Elke Kalbe / Dag Aarsland / Emilia Grycuk / Iracema Leroi / Ann-Kristin Folkerts / Emily Eichenholtz / Irina Kinchin / Valerie Smith / Rachel Fitzpatrick / Joseph PM Kane / John-Paul Taylor / Sara Betzhold / Rachel Thompson / Gillian Daly

HRB Open Research, Vol

1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

2023 Volume 5

Abstract: Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an important cause of dementia with a range of clinical manifestations, including motor, neuropsychiatric, and autonomic symptoms. Compared with more common forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease, DLB ...

Abstract	Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an important cause of dementia with a range of clinical manifestations, including motor, neuropsychiatric, and autonomic symptoms. Compared with more common forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease, DLB has been the focus of significantly fewer treatment studies, often with diverse outcome measures, making comparison and clinical implementation difficult. A core outcome set (COS) can address this by ensuring that data are comparable, relevant, useful, and usable for making the best healthcare decisions. Methods: Using a multi-stage approach, development of the DLB-COS will include the following stages: (1) A systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines to create an initial long list of outcomes; (2) A two-round online Delphi including clinicians, scientists, policymakers, and individuals with lived experience of DLB and their representatives; (3) An online consensus meeting to agree on the final core list of outcomes (the final DLB-COS) for use in research and clinical practice; (4) A literature search to identify appropriate measurement instruments for the DLB-COS outcomes; (5) A final consensus meeting of the professional stakeholders who attended the online consensus meeting to agree on the instruments that should be used to measure the outcomes in the DLB-COS; and (6) Global dissemination. Discussion: This is a multi-stage project to develop a COS to be used in treatment trials for DLB. A DLB-COS will ensure the selection of relevant outcomes and will identify the instruments to be used to measure DLB globally.
Keywords	Dementia ; Dementia with Lewy Bodies ; Core Outcome Set ; Delphi ; Systematic Review ; Ageing ; eng ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Characteristic Chest Radiographic Pattern in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic

Smith, David L. / Grenier, John-Paul / Batte, Catherine / Spieler, Bradley

Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with chest CT, there is a relative paucity of data regarding the role of the chest radiograph (CXR) in the diagnosis of COVID-19. PURPOSE: To determine the utility of CXR in aiding clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, utilizing RT-PCR as ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Compared with chest CT, there is a relative paucity of data regarding the role of the chest radiograph (CXR) in the diagnosis of COVID-19. PURPOSE: To determine the utility of CXR in aiding clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, utilizing RT-PCR as the standard of comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of persons under investigation (PUIs) for COVID-19 presenting to our institution during the exponential growth phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in New Orleans, USA (March 13 – 25, 2020). 376 in-hospital CXR exams for 366 individual patients were reviewed along with concurrent RT-PCR tests. Two experienced radiologists categorized each CXR as characteristic, nonspecific, or negative in appearance for COVID-19, utilizing well-documented COVID-19 imaging patterns. CXR categorization was compared against RT-PCR results to determine the utility of CXR in diagnosing COVID-19. RESULTS: There were 178/366 male (49%) and 188/366 female (51%) patients with a mean age of 52.7 years (range 17 to 98 years). 37/376 CXR exams (10%) exhibited the characteristic COVID-19 appearance; 215/376 (57%) exhibited the nonspecific appearance; and 124/376 (33%) were considered negative for a pulmonary abnormality. Of the 376 RT-PCR tests evaluated, 200/376 (53%) were positive and 176/376 (47%) were negative. RT-PCR tests took an average of 2.5 ± 0.7 days to result. Sensitivity and specificity for correctly identifying COVID-19 with a characteristic CXR pattern were 15.5% (31/200) and 96.6% (170/176), with PPV and NPV 83.8% (31/37) and 50.1% (170/339), respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of patchy and/or confluent, bandlike ground glass opacity or consolidation in a peripheral and mid-to-lower lung zone distribution on a chest radiograph obtained in the setting of pandemic COVID-19 is highly suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be used in conjunction with clinical judgement to make a diagnosis.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	PMC
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1148/ryct.2020200280
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Timing of COVID-19 Vaccination in Relation to Elective Surgery.

Wainwright, D'Arcy J A / Greene, John / Smith, Paul D

Plastic and reconstructive surgery

2022 Volume 150, Issue 3, Page(s) 717e–719e

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Elective Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208012-6
ISSN	1529-4242 ; 0032-1052 ; 0096-8501
ISSN (online)	1529-4242
ISSN	0032-1052 ; 0096-8501
DOI	10.1097/PRS.0000000000009386
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Article ; Online: The Effectiveness of Image Augmentation in Deep Learning Networks for Detecting COVID-19

Mohamed Elgendi / Muhammad Umer Nasir / Qunfeng Tang / David Smith / John-Paul Grenier / Catherine Batte / Bradley Spieler / William Donald Leslie / Carlo Menon / Richard Ribbon Fletcher / Newton Howard / Rabab Ward / William Parker / Savvas Nicolaou

Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

A Geometric Transformation Perspective

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Chest X-ray imaging technology used for the early detection and screening of COVID-19 pneumonia is both accessible worldwide and affordable compared to other non-invasive technologies. Additionally, deep learning methods have recently shown remarkable ... ...

Abstract	Chest X-ray imaging technology used for the early detection and screening of COVID-19 pneumonia is both accessible worldwide and affordable compared to other non-invasive technologies. Additionally, deep learning methods have recently shown remarkable results in detecting COVID-19 on chest X-rays, making it a promising screening technology for COVID-19. Deep learning relies on a large amount of data to avoid overfitting. While overfitting can result in perfect modeling on the original training dataset, on a new testing dataset it can fail to achieve high accuracy. In the image processing field, an image augmentation step (i.e., adding more training data) is often used to reduce overfitting on the training dataset, and improve prediction accuracy on the testing dataset. In this paper, we examined the impact of geometric augmentations as implemented in several recent publications for detecting COVID-19. We compared the performance of 17 deep learning algorithms with and without different geometric augmentations. We empirically examined the influence of augmentation with respect to detection accuracy, dataset diversity, augmentation methodology, and network size. Contrary to expectation, our results show that the removal of recently used geometrical augmentation steps actually improved the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 17 models. The MCC without augmentation (MCC = 0.51) outperformed four recent geometrical augmentations (MCC = 0.47 for Data Augmentation 1, MCC = 0.44 for Data Augmentation 2, MCC = 0.48 for Data Augmentation 3, and MCC = 0.49 for Data Augmentation 4). When we retrained a recently published deep learning without augmentation on the same dataset, the detection accuracy significantly increased, with a χMcNemar′s statistic2=163.2 and a p-value of 2.23 × 10−37. This is an interesting finding that may improve current deep learning algorithms using geometrical augmentations for detecting COVID-19. We also provide clinical perspectives on geometric augmentation to consider regarding the ...
Keywords	radiology ; corona virus ; transfer learning ; data augmentation ; chest X-ray ; digital health ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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