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  1. Article: Rapid turnover of CTLA4 is associated with a complex architecture of reversible ubiquitylation.

    Tey, Pei Yee / Dufner, Almut / Knobeloch, Klaus-Peter / Pruneda, Jonathan N / Clague, Michael J / Urbé, Sylvie

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: The immune checkpoint regulator CTLA4 is an unusually short-lived membrane protein. Here we show that its lysosomal degradation is dependent on ubiquitylation at Lysine residues 203 and 213. Inhibition of the v-ATPase partially restores CTLA4 levels ... ...

    Abstract The immune checkpoint regulator CTLA4 is an unusually short-lived membrane protein. Here we show that its lysosomal degradation is dependent on ubiquitylation at Lysine residues 203 and 213. Inhibition of the v-ATPase partially restores CTLA4 levels following cycloheximide treatment, but also reveals a fraction that is secreted in exosomes. The endosomal deubiquitylase, USP8, interacts with CTLA4 and its loss enhances CTLA4 ubiquitylation in cancer cells, mouse CD4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.12.31.573735
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8/UBPy): a prototypic multidomain deubiquitinating enzyme with pleiotropic functions.

    Dufner, Almut / Knobeloch, Klaus-Peter

    Biochemical Society transactions

    2019  Volume 47, Issue 6, Page(s) 1867–1879

    Abstract: Protein modification by ubiquitin is one of the most versatile posttranslational regulations and counteracted by almost 100 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). USP8 was originally identified as a growth regulated ubiquitin-specific protease and is like many ...

    Abstract Protein modification by ubiquitin is one of the most versatile posttranslational regulations and counteracted by almost 100 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). USP8 was originally identified as a growth regulated ubiquitin-specific protease and is like many other DUBs characterized by its multidomain architecture. Besides the catalytic domain, specific protein-protein interaction modules were characterized which contribute to USP8 substrate recruitment, regulation and targeting to distinct protein complexes. Studies in mice and humans impressively showed the physiological relevance and non-redundant function of USP8 within the context of the whole organism. USP8 knockout (KO) mice exhibit early embryonic lethality while induced deletion in adult animals rapidly causes lethal liver failure. Furthermore, T-cell specific ablation disturbs T-cell development and function resulting in fatal autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease. In human patients, somatic mutations in USP8 were identified as the underlying cause of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) releasing pituitary adenomas causing Cushing's disease (CD). Here we provide an overview of the versatile molecular, cellular and pathology associated function and regulation of USP8 which appears to depend on specific protein binding partners, substrates and the cellular context.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Autophagy/physiology ; Cilia/metabolism ; Deubiquitinating Enzymes/metabolism ; Endopeptidases/genetics ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Endopeptidases/physiology ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/genetics ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/metabolism ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/physiology ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitophagy/physiology ; Mutation ; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion/genetics ; Protein Binding ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/physiology
    Chemical Substances Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; Deubiquitinating Enzymes (EC 3.4.19.12) ; USP8 protein, human (EC 3.4.19.12) ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase (EC 3.4.19.12)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 184237-7
    ISSN 1470-8752 ; 0300-5127
    ISSN (online) 1470-8752
    ISSN 0300-5127
    DOI 10.1042/BST20190527
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: USP8--Another DUB in the T cell club.

    Dufner, Almut / Knobeloch, Klaus-Peter

    Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

    2015  Volume 14, Issue 24, Page(s) 3775–3776

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; T-Lymphocytes/enzymology ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; USP8 protein, human (EC 3.4.19.12) ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase (EC 3.4.19.12)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2146183-1
    ISSN 1551-4005 ; 1538-4101 ; 1554-8627
    ISSN (online) 1551-4005
    ISSN 1538-4101 ; 1554-8627
    DOI 10.1080/15384101.2015.1105698
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: B cell antigen receptor-induced activation of an IRAK4-dependent signaling pathway revealed by a MALT1-IRAK4 double knockout mouse model.

    Dufner, Almut / Schamel, Wolfgang W

    Cell communication and signaling : CCS

    2011  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 6

    Abstract: Background: The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), act in concert to control adaptive B cell responses. However, little is known about the signaling pathways that integrate BCR ... ...

    Abstract Background: The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), act in concert to control adaptive B cell responses. However, little is known about the signaling pathways that integrate BCR activation with intrinsic TLR4 stimulation. Antigen receptors initialize activation of the inducible transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via recruitment of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase caspase recruitment domain protein 11 (CARD11), the adapter molecule B cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10), and the "paracaspase" mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 (MALT1) into lipid rafts. Upon BCR triggering, this activation strictly depends on BCL10, but not on MALT1, leading to the hypothesis that a MALT1-independent NF-κB activation pathway contributes to BCR-induced NF-κB activation downstream of BCL10. The identity of this pathway has remained elusive.
    Results: Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that the IRAK4- and IRAK1-dependent TLR signaling branch is activated upon BCR triggering to induce partial NF-κB activation. BCR-induced MALT1-independent IκB degradation and B cell proliferation were inhibited in MALT1/IRAK4 double knockout B cells. Moreover, IRAK1 was recruited into lipid rafts upon BCR stimulation and activated following transient recruitment of IRAK4.
    Conclusion: We propose that the observed crosstalk between BCR and TLR signaling components may contribute to the discrimination of signals that emanate from single and dual receptor engagement to control adaptive B cell responses.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-03-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1478-811X
    ISSN (online) 1478-811X
    DOI 10.1186/1478-811X-9-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: B cell antigen receptor-induced activation of an IRAK4-dependent signaling pathway revealed by a MALT1-IRAK4 double knockout mouse model

    Dufner Almut / Schamel Wolfgang W

    Cell Communication and Signaling, Vol 9, Iss 1, p

    2011  Volume 6

    Abstract: Abstract Background The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), act in concert to control adaptive B cell responses. However, little is known about the signaling pathways that integrate BCR ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), act in concert to control adaptive B cell responses. However, little is known about the signaling pathways that integrate BCR activation with intrinsic TLR4 stimulation. Antigen receptors initialize activation of the inducible transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via recruitment of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase caspase recruitment domain protein 11 (CARD11), the adapter molecule B cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10), and the "paracaspase" mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 (MALT1) into lipid rafts. Upon BCR triggering, this activation strictly depends on BCL10, but not on MALT1, leading to the hypothesis that a MALT1-independent NF-κB activation pathway contributes to BCR-induced NF-κB activation downstream of BCL10. The identity of this pathway has remained elusive. Results Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that the IRAK4- and IRAK1-dependent TLR signaling branch is activated upon BCR triggering to induce partial NF-κB activation. BCR-induced MALT1-independent IκB degradation and B cell proliferation were inhibited in MALT1/IRAK4 double knockout B cells. Moreover, IRAK1 was recruited into lipid rafts upon BCR stimulation and activated following transient recruitment of IRAK4. Conclusion We propose that the observed crosstalk between BCR and TLR signaling components may contribute to the discrimination of signals that emanate from single and dual receptor engagement to control adaptive B cell responses.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Cytology ; QH573-671
    Subject code 570 ; 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: DC Respond to Cognate T Cell Interaction in the Antigen-Challenged Lymph Node.

    Curato, Caterina / Bernshtein, Biana / Zupancič, Eva / Dufner, Almut / Jaitin, Diego / Giladi, Amir / David, Eyal / Chappell-Maor, Louise / Leshkowitz, Dena / Knobeloch, Klaus-Peter / Amit, Ido / Florindo, Helena F / Jung, Steffen

    Frontiers in immunology

    2019  Volume 10, Page(s) 863

    Abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) are unrivaled in their potential to prime naive T cells by presenting antigen and providing costimulation. DC are furthermore believed to decode antigen context by virtue of pattern recognition receptors and to polarize T cells ... ...

    Abstract Dendritic cells (DC) are unrivaled in their potential to prime naive T cells by presenting antigen and providing costimulation. DC are furthermore believed to decode antigen context by virtue of pattern recognition receptors and to polarize T cells through cytokine secretion toward distinct effector functions. Diverse polarized T helper (T
    MeSH term(s) Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage ; Animals ; Antigen Presentation/immunology ; Antigens ; Cell Communication/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Th1 Cells/immunology
    Chemical Substances Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antigens ; Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00863
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: CARD tricks: controlling the interactions of CARD6 with RICK and microtubules.

    Dufner, Almut / Mak, Tak W

    Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

    2006  Volume 5, Issue 8, Page(s) 797–800

    Abstract: In recent years, a number of proteins have been identified that contain a homotypic interaction motif called the caspase recruitment domain (CARD). Most proteins containing a CARD are involved in pathways regulating apoptosis or adaptive or innate ... ...

    Abstract In recent years, a number of proteins have been identified that contain a homotypic interaction motif called the caspase recruitment domain (CARD). Most proteins containing a CARD are involved in pathways regulating apoptosis or adaptive or innate immunity. Examples of prominent CARD proteins are caspase-9 and Apaf1, which are involved in the intrinsic death pathway; BCL10 and CARD11, which mediate antigen receptor-induced NF-kappaB activation; and receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-like interacting caspase-like apoptosis regulatory protein kinase (RICK) and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins, which induce NF-kappaB activation in response to intracellular bacterial peptidoglycan. The most recently discovered pathway involving CARD proteins senses virally-derived double-stranded (ds) RNA and initiates a host defense signaling program. CARD6 is a CARD-containing protein with a domain structure not shared by any other CARD protein. Although the CARD6 cDNA was deposited in GenBank five years ago, the physiological function of full-length CARD6 has yet to be reported. Here we review our initial characterization of CARD6 and discuss the functional implications of various conserved modules found in the CARD6 protein sequence. We conclude that CARD6 is structurally and potentially functionally related to the superfamily of interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases, a growing family of host defense proteins that confer cell-autonomous immunity.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; Humans ; Mice ; Microtubules/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry ; RNA, Viral/chemistry ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; CARD6 protein, human ; NF-kappa B ; NOD1 protein, human ; Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; RNA, Viral ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; RIPK2 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Ripk2 protein, mouse (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-04-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2146183-1
    ISSN 1551-4005 ; 1538-4101 ; 1554-8627
    ISSN (online) 1551-4005
    ISSN 1538-4101 ; 1554-8627
    DOI 10.4161/cc.5.8.2635
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Caspase recruitment domain protein 6 is a microtubule-interacting protein that positively modulates NF-kappaB activation.

    Dufner, Almut / Pownall, Scott / Mak, Tak W

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2006  Volume 103, Issue 4, Page(s) 988–993

    Abstract: Proteins containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) play pivotal roles in signal transduction leading to apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation and inflammation. Here we identify and characterize human and mouse CARD protein 6 (CARD6), CARD-containing ... ...

    Abstract Proteins containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) play pivotal roles in signal transduction leading to apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation and inflammation. Here we identify and characterize human and mouse CARD protein 6 (CARD6), CARD-containing proteins of unique structure. CARD6 associates with microtubules and interacts with receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-like interacting caspase-like apoptosis regulatory protein kinase (RICK), a CARD-containing member of the RIP family of protein kinases. These kinases are involved in multiple NF-kappaB signaling pathways important for innate and adaptive immune responses. Surprisingly, the CARDs of CARD6 and RICK were not required for their interaction; instead, mutational analysis revealed that the CARD of CARD6 negatively controls the association of these molecules. CARD6 also binds to RIP1, a RIP kinase homologue that lacks a CARD but contains a C-terminal death domain. Coexpression of RICK targets CARD6 to aggresomes via a mechanism that requires the CARD of RICK. Importantly, CARD6 expression has a synergistic effect on NF-kappaB activation induced by several independent signal transduction pathways. In summary, our results indicate that CARD6 is a regulator of NF-kappaB activation that modulates the functions of RIP kinase family members.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Northern ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoprecipitation ; Luciferases/metabolism ; Mice ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances AGFG1 protein, human ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; CARD6 protein, human ; NF-kappa B ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins ; Luciferases (EC 1.13.12.-) ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; RIPK2 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Ripk2 protein, mouse (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.0510380103
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The ubiquitin-specific protease USP8 is critical for the development and homeostasis of T cells.

    Dufner, Almut / Kisser, Agnes / Niendorf, Sandra / Basters, Anja / Reissig, Sonja / Schönle, Anne / Aichem, Annette / Kurz, Thorsten / Schlosser, Andreas / Yablonski, Deborah / Groettrup, Marcus / Buch, Thorsten / Waisman, Ari / Schamel, Wolfgang W / Prinz, Marco / Knobeloch, Klaus-Peter

    Nature immunology

    2015  Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) 950–960

    Abstract: The modification of proteins by ubiquitin has a major role in cells of the immune system and is counteracted by various deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) with poorly defined functions. Here we identified the ubiquitin-specific protease USP8 as a regulatory ...

    Abstract The modification of proteins by ubiquitin has a major role in cells of the immune system and is counteracted by various deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) with poorly defined functions. Here we identified the ubiquitin-specific protease USP8 as a regulatory component of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signalosome that interacted with the adaptor Gads and the regulatory molecule 14-3-3β. Caspase-dependent processing of USP8 occurred after stimulation of the TCR. T cell-specific deletion of USP8 in mice revealed that USP8 was essential for thymocyte maturation and upregulation of the gene encoding the cytokine receptor IL-7Rα mediated by the transcription factor Foxo1. Mice with T cell-specific USP8 deficiency developed colitis that was promoted by disturbed T cell homeostasis, a predominance of CD8(+) γδ T cells in the intestine and impaired regulatory T cell function. Collectively, our data reveal an unexpected role for USP8 as an immunomodulatory DUB in T cells.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/immunology ; Colitis/genetics ; Colitis/immunology ; Endopeptidases/genetics ; Endopeptidases/immunology ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/genetics ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/immunology ; Forkhead Box Protein O1 ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-7/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-7/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Thymocytes/immunology ; Thymocytes/metabolism ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/immunology
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; FOXO1 protein, human ; Forkhead Box Protein O1 ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Foxo1 protein, mouse ; GRAP2 protein, human ; Mona protein, mouse ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Receptors, Interleukin-7 ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; USP8 protein, human (EC 3.4.19.12) ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase (EC 3.4.19.12) ; Usp8 protein, mouse (EC 3.4.19.12)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2016987-5
    ISSN 1529-2916 ; 1529-2908
    ISSN (online) 1529-2916
    ISSN 1529-2908
    DOI 10.1038/ni.3230
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: CARD6 is interferon inducible but not involved in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein signaling leading to NF-kappaB activation.

    Dufner, Almut / Duncan, Gordon S / Wakeham, Andrew / Elford, Alisha R / Hall, Håkan T / Ohashi, Pamela S / Mak, Tak W

    Molecular and cellular biology

    2008  Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 1541–1552

    Abstract: We have previously reported the cloning and characterization of CARD6, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing protein that is structurally related to the interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases. CARD6 associates with microtubules and with receptor- ... ...

    Abstract We have previously reported the cloning and characterization of CARD6, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing protein that is structurally related to the interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases. CARD6 associates with microtubules and with receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2). RIP2 mediates NF-kappaB activation induced by the intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) receptors that sense bacterial peptidoglycan. Here we report that the expression of CARD6 and RIP2 in bone marrow-derived macrophages is rapidly induced by beta IFN and gamma IFN. This IFN-induced upregulation of CARD6 is suppressed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in contrast to LPS's enhancement of IFN-induced RIP2 upregulation. We generated CARD6-deficient (CARD6(-/-)) mice and carried out extensive analyses of signaling pathways mediating innate and adaptive immune responses, including the NOD pathways, but did not detect any abnormalities. Moreover, CARD6(-/-) mice were just as susceptible as wild-type mice to infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida albicans, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, or mouse adenovirus type 1. Thus, although structural and in vitro analyses strongly suggest an important role for CARD6 in immune defense, the physiological function of CARD6 remains obscure.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Alleles ; Animals ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; Crosses, Genetic ; Electroporation ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Enzyme Activation ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Heterozygote ; Interferons/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microinjections ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins/chemistry ; Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction/physiology
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; Card6 protein, mouse ; NF-kappa B ; Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; Recombinant Proteins ; Interferons (9008-11-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 779397-2
    ISSN 1098-5549 ; 0270-7306
    ISSN (online) 1098-5549
    ISSN 0270-7306
    DOI 10.1128/MCB.01359-07
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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