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Article ; Online: LDL-C: The Only Causal Risk Factor for ASCVD. Why Is It Still Overlooked and Underestimated?

Ferhatbegović, Lamija / Mršić, Denis / Kušljugić, Sabina / Pojskić, Belma

2022 Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) 635–642

Abstract: Purpose of review: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the most important causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This article reviews why LDL-C remains overlooked and underestimated despite numerous studies ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the most important causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This article reviews why LDL-C remains overlooked and underestimated despite numerous studies that have proved its role. Recent findings: Recently published EAS/ESC Guidelines for dyslipidemia and EAS Guidelines for prevention set new targets for LDL-C levels in primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD. These guidelines are based on data from large studies and meta-analyzes that have shown that lower LDL-C also means lower cardiovascular event rates. Real-life experience published in registries worldwide has shown us that the guidelines have not been translated to everyday clinical practice, meaning that a significant number of patients are undertreated and have LDL-C levels well above target. Potential reasons for the abovementioned are poor adherence and education of the patient and physician and health care system related factors. Implementation of the latest version of guidelines will require continuous patient and physicians education, as well as a shared decision-making process between physician and patient.
MeSH term(s)	Atherosclerosis/drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dyslipidemias/drug therapy ; Dyslipidemias/epidemiology ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol, LDL ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2057369-8
ISSN	1534-6242 ; 1523-3804
ISSN (online)	1534-6242
ISSN	1523-3804
DOI	10.1007/s11883-022-01037-3
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Article ; Online: Determining Pollinizer Success Rates among Several Apple (Malus domestica L.) Cultivars Using Microsatellite Markers

Gasi, Fuad / Pojskić, Naris / Stroil, Belma Kalamujić / Frøynes, Oddmund / Fotirić Akšić, Milica / Meland, Mekjell

Agronomy. 2023 Apr. 12, v. 13, no. 4

2023

Abstract: In order to determine the pollinizer success rates between twelve apple cultivars in 2021 and 2022, 671 apple embryos were collected from 19 different orchards in Ullensvang (southwestern Norway) and Svelvik (southeastern Norway). Genomic DNA was ... ...

Abstract	In order to determine the pollinizer success rates between twelve apple cultivars in 2021 and 2022, 671 apple embryos were collected from 19 different orchards in Ullensvang (southwestern Norway) and Svelvik (southeastern Norway). Genomic DNA was extracted from the collected embryos and, afterward, a genetic characterization with 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers was conducted. An identical set of markers was also used on all twelve mother cultivars, as well as on six crabapple pollinizers, which were found in the investigated orchards. The obtained molecular data enabled paternity analyses to be performed with the objective of assigning a male parent to each embryo. The paternity analyses identified pollen donors for all, except for 3% of the embryos. In most cases, it was possible to identify the most successful pollinizers for each cultivar, with ‘Aroma’ and ‘Discovery’ being the most efficient pollen donors overall. Tree abundance seems to be a major factor in pollinizer success, while semi-cross-compatible characteristics represent a hindrance. Only 7% of the analyzed embryos were determined to have been fertilized by pollinizers outside the orchard, confirming the significance of pollinizer proximity for efficient pollination.
Keywords	DNA ; Malus domestica ; agronomy ; apples ; cultivars ; males ; microsatellite repeats ; orchards ; paternity ; pollen ; pollination ; pollinators ; Norway
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0412
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2607043-1
ISSN	2073-4395
ISSN	2073-4395
DOI	10.3390/agronomy13041106
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Validation of forward-in-time method using artificial neural network

Abdurahim Kalajdzic / Samim Konjicija / Belma Kalamujic Stroil / Naris Pojskic

Network Biology, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 29-

the application in a biological system

2021 Volume 43

Abstract: Simulation studies in population genetics play a crucial role in better understanding of different evolution scenarios and effects of different genetic models on genetic diversity. forward-in-time method starts with an initial population and follows the ... ...

Abstract	Simulation studies in population genetics play a crucial role in better understanding of different evolution scenarios and effects of different genetic models on genetic diversity. forward-in-time method starts with an initial population and follows the entire evolution under various genetic models within multiple generations. Artificial neural networks represent a formidable method for genetic simulation and prediction. In this study, we wanted to compare and corroborate results obtained with forward-in-time simulation with results attained from a specially designed strategy based on artificial neural networking. As input data, alleles of 13 microsatellite loci from 187 specimens representing autochthonous Adriatic haplotype of Salmo trutta L. from the Neretva River were used. The main goal of this study was to compare precision and reliability of these two methods. Our results are in concordance with other reports from literature which indicate that both of these approaches can be used as a reliable simulation tools. However, it is believed that artificial neural networks can represent more powerful simulation tools
Keywords	forward-in-time ; artificial neural network ; simulation ; conservation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Therapy for Glioblastoma: A Scoping Review.

Begagić, Emir / Bečulić, Hakija / Đuzić, Nermin / Džidić-Krivić, Amina / Pugonja, Ragib / Muharemović, Asja / Jaganjac, Belma / Salković, Naida / Sefo, Haso / Pojskić, Mirza

Biomedicines

2024 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: This scoping review examines the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in glioblastoma (GBM), a predominant and aggressive brain tumor. Categorizing gene targets into distinct groups, this review explores their roles in cell cycle regulation, ... ...

Abstract	This scoping review examines the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in glioblastoma (GBM), a predominant and aggressive brain tumor. Categorizing gene targets into distinct groups, this review explores their roles in cell cycle regulation, microenvironmental dynamics, interphase processes, and therapy resistance reduction. The complexity of CRISPR-Cas9 applications in GBM research is highlighted, providing unique insights into apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. The studies challenge conventional perspectives on specific genes, emphasizing the potential therapeutic implications of manipulating key molecular players in cell cycle dynamics. Exploring CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy in GBMs yields significant insights into the regulation of cellular processes, spanning cell interphase, renewal, and migration. Researchers, by precisely targeting specific genes, uncover the molecular orchestration governing cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation during critical phases of the cell cycle. The findings underscore the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in unraveling the complex dynamics of the GBM microenvironment, offering promising avenues for targeted therapies to curb GBM growth. This review also outlines studies addressing therapy resistance in GBM, employing CRISPR/Cas9 to target genes associated with chemotherapy resistance, showcasing its transformative potential in effective GBM treatments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720867-9
ISSN	2227-9059
ISSN	2227-9059
DOI	10.3390/biomedicines12010238
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Article ; Online: Genetic Diversity of Bosnian and Herzegovinian Autochthonous Dog Breed Bosnian Broken-Haired Hound-Barak.

Nikitović, Jelena / Pojskić, Naris / Kalajdžić, Abdurahim / Ušanović, Lejla / Maletić, Zoran / Stroil, Belma Kalamujić

Biochemical genetics

2022 Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 901–915

Abstract: Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) classifies a group of hound dogs in the sixth FCI group divided into three sections and three subsections that include 76 dog breeds. With the Istrian wire-haired hound, the Bosnian broken-haired hound-Barak is ...

Abstract	Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) classifies a group of hound dogs in the sixth FCI group divided into three sections and three subsections that include 76 dog breeds. With the Istrian wire-haired hound, the Bosnian broken-haired hound-Barak is one of the two internationally recognized and standardized broken-haired hound breeds from the Balkans. However, genotyping of this breed has not been the subject of study so far. A total of 30 dogs (22 males and eight females) from different breeders from 17 locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina were selected for genotyping. All selected individuals had a valid pedigree issued by the Kennel Club in Bosnia and Herzegovina to ensure dogs were unrelated. Hairs with follicles were used for DNA extraction. Ten microsatellite loci from the commercial StockMarks® for Canine Genotyping Kit were amplified. Estimated genetic indices showed that Bosnian broken-haired hound-Barak harbors a high genetic variability. Phylogenetic relationships between Barak and the other 15 dog breeds, including Tornjak, another indigenous breed from Bosnia and Herzegovina, were assessed. An analysis showed clear differentiation of Barak, with Tornjak as the closest one among analyzed breeds. The results suggest that Barak, as we know it today, was developed during the formation of most modern breeds. Although Barak cannot yet be considered an endangered breed thanks to enthusiasts and hunters, the declining population trends impose the urgent need to establish an animal gene bank and programs for in situ conservation to protect and preserve this autochthonous breed of hound dog for future generations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Genetic Variation ; Hair ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2168-4
ISSN	1573-4927 ; 0006-2928
ISSN (online)	1573-4927
ISSN	0006-2928
DOI	10.1007/s10528-022-10291-8
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Article ; Online: Genetic diversity of Banat Naked Neck, indigenous chicken breed from Serbia, inferred from mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence and microsatellite markers.

Vekić, Marinko / Kalamujić Stroil, Belma / Trivunović, Snežana / Pojskić, Naris / Djukić Stojčić, Mirjana

Animal biotechnology

2022 Volume 34, Issue 7, Page(s) 2197–2206

Abstract: Banat Naked Neck is the most important indigenous breed of chickens in Serbia. Marginalized until recently, it is becoming increasingly popular due to its adaptability and good productivity in alternative production systems. However, its history and the ... ...

Abstract	Banat Naked Neck is the most important indigenous breed of chickens in Serbia. Marginalized until recently, it is becoming increasingly popular due to its adaptability and good productivity in alternative production systems. However, its history and the current breeding model pose challenges for breed preservation and future improvement. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and structure of four subpopulations of Banat Naked Neck from different districts in Serbia (West Backa, North Banat, South Banat and Kolubara) using D-loop mitochondrial DNA sequences and a set of 30 microsatellite markers. Seven haplotypes in the phylogenetic analysis of D-loop mitochondrial DNA suggested maternal origin related to the Indian subcontinent, while haplotype and nucleotide diversity averaged 0.731 ± 0.053 and 0.0067 ± 0.0018, respectively. Microsatellite genotyping showed an average detected number of alleles per locus of 5.129 ± 0.237, while the observed and expected heterozygosity averaged 0.560 ± 0.018 and 0.631 ± 0.014, respectively. Genetic differentiation estimated through F
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Chickens/genetics ; Serbia ; Phylogeny ; Haplotypes ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2043243-4
ISSN	1532-2378 ; 1049-5398
ISSN (online)	1532-2378
ISSN	1049-5398
DOI	10.1080/10495398.2022.2080688
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Article ; Online: Familial hypercholesterolemia screening program in Bosnia and Herzegovina and cardiovascular morbidity.

Pojskic, Lamija / Pojskic, Belma

Atherosclerosis

2018 Volume 277, Page(s) 278–281

Abstract: Background and aims: We aimed to estimate the frequency of cardiovascular diseases in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients in Bosnia and Herzegovina.: Methods: We screened lipid profiles in the hospital system during the period March 2008- ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: We aimed to estimate the frequency of cardiovascular diseases in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: We screened lipid profiles in the hospital system during the period March 2008-November 2016, and included 307 patients with LDL>4.5 mmol/L. FH was diagnosed according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria. Followed parameters were: the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), premature CAD (defined as men<55yrs,women<65yrs), cerebral vascular disease (CVD). Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the DLCN criteria: Group1 - definite FH, Group2 - probable FH, Group 3 - possible FH, Group4 - unlikely FH. Patients with incomplete data and secondary causes of hyperlipidemia were not included. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software package Version 19.0. Results: There were 307 patients. Group1 counted 16 patients; Group2, 56; Group3, 140, and Group4, 95. In Group1, CAD was diagnosed in 7 patients (43.75%); PCAD in 7 (43.75%); CVD in 2 (12.5%). In Group2, CAD was diagnosed in 25 patients (44.6%); PCAD in 23 (41.1%); and CVD in 8 (14.3%). In Group3, CAD was diagnosed in 64 cases (45.7%); PCAD in 29 (20.7%); and CVD in 47 (33.6%). In Group4, CAD was diagnosed in 19 patients (20%); PCAD in 3 (3.2%); and CVD in 73 (76.8%). CAD was significantly more present in Groups 1,2 and 3 compared with Group4. Occurrence of PCAD was statistically significant in patients with definite and probable FH compared with Groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the appearance of CVD in Group4 compared with Groups 1,2 and 3. Conclusions: Definitive and possible FH groups were strongly associated with PCAD and CAD, while CVD was significantly higher in the unlikely FH group. Screening program and worldwide information exchange are essential to spread the knowledge about FH prevalence.
MeSH term(s)	Age of Onset ; Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; Bosnia and Herzegovina/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/blood ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/diagnosis ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/epidemiology ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics ; Male ; Mass Screening/methods ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Cholesterol, LDL
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-22
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80061-2
ISSN	1879-1484 ; 0021-9150
ISSN (online)	1879-1484
ISSN	0021-9150
DOI	10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.880
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Article ; Online: Comparison of intubation condition and the quality of muscle relaxation between rocuronium and vecuronium using "timing principle".

Čaušević, Senada / Rizvanović, Nermina / Pojskić, Belma

Medicinski glasnik : official publication of the Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina

2019 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–14

Abstract: Aim To compare the quality of the conditions for endotracheal intubation and muscle relaxation between rocuronium bromide and vecuronium bromide using the ''timing principle'' method for induction in anaesthesia. The "timing principle" includes the ... ...

Abstract	Aim To compare the quality of the conditions for endotracheal intubation and muscle relaxation between rocuronium bromide and vecuronium bromide using the ''timing principle'' method for induction in anaesthesia. The "timing principle" includes the administration of muscle relaxants before the hypnotic agent during induction in anaesthesia. Method Sixty patients who had undergone elective surgery were randomly allocated into two equal groups using muscle relaxants: rocuronium (group R) and vecuronium (group V). The intubation conditions were assessed using Cooper's scoring system, based on jaw relaxation, vocal cords position and response to intubation. The quality of muscle relaxation was evaluated by recording the time of clinical weakness, a count of ''train of four'' (TOF) twitches at intubation, the time of loss TOF response and duration of direct laryngoscopy. Results The intubation conditions were excellent in 100% of patients in the group R versus excellent in 80% and good in 20% of patients in the group V (p<0.05). The time of clinical weakness was statistically significantly shorter in the group R than in the group V (p<0.000). The time of loss of TOF response was statistically significantly shorter in the group R (p<0.000). The absence of TOF twitches (the level of muscle relaxation of 100%) at intubation recorded in 25 (83.3%) patients in the group R versus five (16.7%) patients in the group V (p<0.000). Duration of direct laryngoscopy did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion Rocuronium bromide provides better intubation conditions and greater quality of muscle relaxation than vecuronium bromide using ''timing principle'' technique.
MeSH term(s)	Androstanols ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; Rocuronium ; Time Factors ; Vecuronium Bromide
Chemical Substances	Androstanols ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; Vecuronium Bromide (7E4PHP5N1D) ; Rocuronium (WRE554RFEZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-08
Publishing country	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2378942-6
ISSN	1840-2445 ; 1840-0132
ISSN (online)	1840-2445
ISSN	1840-0132
DOI	10.17392/1045-20
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Article: Molecular Structure and Hybridization Patterns of Abramis brama × Rutilus rutilus Hybrids from Modrac Reservoir, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Stroil, Belma Kalamujić / Ušanović, Lejla / Kalajdžić, Abdurahim / Lasić, Lejla / Škrijelj, Rifat / Pojskić, Naris

Croatian journal of fisheries. 2021 Dec. 01, v. 79, no. 4

2021

Abstract: Interspecific hybridization in the Cyprinidae family has been recorded worldwide, with Abramis brama (bream) and Rutilus rutilus (roach) as one of the often-reported hybridizing pairs. The only account of such an event in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been ... ...

Abstract	Interspecific hybridization in the Cyprinidae family has been recorded worldwide, with Abramis brama (bream) and Rutilus rutilus (roach) as one of the often-reported hybridizing pairs. The only account of such an event in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been in Modrac Reservoir. Using morphological and molecular markers, the presence of hybrids was surveyed, the hybridization direction was determined and the hybrid group structure in this ecosystem was evaluated. Our findings confirmed unhindered natural hybridization between roach and bream in Modrac Reservoir. Over 50% of the hybrid specimens were classified as F₂ hybrids by the NewHybrids software, while the rest were categorized as pure parental form, making it the first such finding in Europe. The analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b showed that 90% of hybrid individuals were of bream maternal origin. The hybrid group expressed higher mean values of observed heterozygosity and gene diversity than both parental species. Signs of introgressive hybridization between parental species were detected. The hybrid zone of Modrac Reservoir appears to follow the intermediate or “flat” hybrid model based on the balanced distribution of parental and hybrid genotypes. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the factors that enable the survival and mating success of post-F₁ individuals.
Keywords	Abramis brama ; Rutilus rutilus ; bream ; chemical structure ; computer software ; cytochrome b ; ecosystems ; genetic variation ; heterozygosity ; hybrids ; interspecific hybridization ; introgression ; mitochondria ; models ; Bosnia-Herzegovina
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1201
Size	p. 147-156.
Publishing place	Sciendo
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2726499-3
ISSN	1848-0586
ISSN	1848-0586
DOI	10.2478/cjf-2021-0016
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Molecular Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Systematic Overview of Global Trends and Findings.

Begagić, Emir / Pugonja, Ragib / Bečulić, Hakija / Čeliković, Amila / Tandir Lihić, Lejla / Kadić Vukas, Samra / Čejvan, Lejla / Skomorac, Rasim / Selimović, Edin / Jaganjac, Belma / Juković-Bihorac, Fatima / Jusić, Aldin / Pojskić, Mirza

Brain sciences

2023 Volume 13, Issue 11

Abstract: This systematic review assesses current molecular targeted therapies for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a challenging condition with limited treatment options. Using PRISMA methodology, 166 eligible studies, involving 2526 patients (61.49% male, 38.51% ... ...

Abstract	This systematic review assesses current molecular targeted therapies for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a challenging condition with limited treatment options. Using PRISMA methodology, 166 eligible studies, involving 2526 patients (61.49% male, 38.51% female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.59/1), were analyzed. In laboratory studies, 52.52% primarily used human glioblastoma cell cultures (HCC), and 43.17% employed animal samples (mainly mice). Clinical participants ranged from 18 to 100 years, with 60.2% using combined therapies and 39.8% monotherapies. Mechanistic categories included Protein Kinase Phosphorylation (41.6%), Cell Cycle-Related Mechanisms (18.1%), Microenvironmental Targets (19.9%), Immunological Targets (4.2%), and Other Mechanisms (16.3%). Key molecular targets included Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) (10.8%), Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) (7.2%), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (6.6%), and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MEK) (5.4%). This review provides a comprehensive assessment of molecular therapies for GBM, highlighting their varied efficacy in clinical and laboratory settings, ultimately impacting overall and progression-free survival in GBM management.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci13111602
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