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Article ; Online: Potential demand for and access to medication abortion among North Carolina college students.

Peart, Mishka S / Cartwright, Alice F / Tadikonda, Ananya / Upadhyay, Ushma D / Tang, Jennifer H / Morse, Jessica E / Stuart, Gretchen S / Bryant, Amy G

Journal of American college health : J of ACH

2024 , Page(s) 1–8

Abstract: Objective: To estimate demand for medication abortion (MAB) among North Carolina (NC) college students and describe access to nearest clinics offering MAB to each campus.: Methods: We calculated demand using 2019-2020 campus demographics and NC ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To estimate demand for medication abortion (MAB) among North Carolina (NC) college students and describe access to nearest clinics offering MAB to each campus. Methods: We calculated demand using 2019-2020 campus demographics and NC abortion statistics. We used a mystery client technique to gather MAB cost and appointment wait times at the closest clinics and calculated travel distances and times. Results: We estimated that 2,517 NC students seek MAB annually. Twenty-one clinics were closest to NC's 111 colleges and universities, including five in neighboring states. Mean cost was $450, with an average wait time of six days to appointment. The average round-trip travel distance was 58 miles and time to the nearest clinic was 84 min by car. Conclusions: Many NC college students likely obtain MAB every year and face high costs, long wait times and distances to care, which has likely worsened after the overturning of
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604907-2
ISSN	1940-3208 ; 0744-8481
ISSN (online)	1940-3208
ISSN	0744-8481
DOI	10.1080/07448481.2023.2299408
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Article: The size and morphology of T.G.E. and vomiting and wasting disease viruses of pigs.

Phillip, J I / Cartwright, S F / Scott, A C

The Veterinary record

1971 Volume 88, Issue 12, Page(s) 311–312

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Culture Techniques ; Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/microbiology ; Immunodiffusion ; Kidney ; Microscopy, Electron ; RNA Viruses/classification ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/microbiology ; Viruses/classification ; Viruses/immunology
Language	English
Publishing date	1971-03-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1136/vr.88.12.311
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Article ; Online: Hybrid organic-inorganic structures trigger the formation of primitive cell-like compartments.

Holler, Silvia / Bartlett, Stuart / Löffler, Richard J G / Casiraghi, Federica / Diaz, Claro Ignacio Sainz / Cartwright, Julyan H E / Hanczyc, Martin M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2023 Volume 120, Issue 33, Page(s) e2300491120

Abstract: ... in the manuscript differs from the spelling provided in the article metadata: Richard J. G. Löffler. The spelling ...

Abstract	Alkaline hydrothermal vents have become a candidate setting for the origins of life on Earth and beyond. This is due to several key features including the presence of gradients of temperature, redox potential, pH, the availability of inorganic minerals, and the existence of a network of inorganic pore spaces that could have served as primitive compartments. Chemical gardens have long been used as experimental proxies for hydrothermal vents. This paper investigates-10pc]Please note that the spelling of the following author name in the manuscript differs from the spelling provided in the article metadata: Richard J. G. Löffler. The spelling provided in the manuscript has been retained; please confirm. a set of prebiotic interactions between such inorganic structures and fatty alcohols. The integration of a medium-chain fatty alcohol, decanol, within these inorganic minerals, produced a range of emergent 3 dimensions structures at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. Fatty alcohols can be considered plausible prebiotic amphiphiles that might have assisted the formation of protocellular structures such as vesicles. The experiments presented herein show that neither chemical gardens nor decanol alone promote vesicle formation, but chemical gardens grown in the presence of decanol, which is then integrated into inorganic mineral structures, support vesicle formation. These observations suggest that the interaction of fatty alcohols and inorganic mineral structures could have played an important role in the emergence of protocells, yielding support for the evolution of living cells.
MeSH term(s)	Origin of Life ; Minerals/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Minerals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2300491120
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Article ; Online: Adaptation of a standardized lifestyle intervention to maximize health outcomes in adolescent metabolic and bariatric surgery patients.

Misserian, Maral / Wheelington, Alicia / King, Rashon / Francis, Jackson / Mathew, M Sunil / Allicock, Marlyn A / Cartwright, Bethany R / Adewunmi, Adejumoke / Chandrasekhar, Aparajita / Polavarapu, Dhatri / Qureshi, Faisal G / Barlow, Sarah E / Messiah, Sarah E

Journal of translational medicine

2024 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 197

Abstract: Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is safe and efficacious in treating adolescents with severe obesity. Behavioral/lifestyle programs can support successful preparation for surgery and post-MBS weight loss, but no standardized lifestyle ... ...

Abstract	Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is safe and efficacious in treating adolescents with severe obesity. Behavioral/lifestyle programs can support successful preparation for surgery and post-MBS weight loss, but no standardized lifestyle intervention exists for adolescents. Here we describe the process of developing and adapting the Diabetes Prevention Program Group Lifestyle Balance (DPP/GLB) curriculum to support adolescents pre- and post-MBS. Methods: We collected both qualitative and quantitative data from a diverse group of adolescents (N = 19, mean age 15.2 years, range 13-17, 76% female, 42% non-Hispanic Black, 41% Hispanic, 17% other). Additionally, we included data from 13 parents, all of whom were mothers. These participants were recruited from an adolescent MBS program at Children's Health System of Texas. In an online survey, we asked participants to rank their preferences and interests in DPP/GLB content topics. We complemented these results with in-depth interviews from a subset of 10 participants. This qualitative data triangulation informed the development of the TeenLYFT lifestyle intervention program, designed to support adolescents who were completing MBS and described here. This program was adapted from adolescent and parent DPP/GLB content preferences, incorporating the social cognitive model (SCM) and the socioecological model (SEM) constructs to better cater to the needs of adolescent MBS patients. Results: Adolescents' top 3 ranked areas of content were: (1) steps to adopt better eating habits and healthier foods; (2) healthy ways to cope with stress; and (3) steps to stay motivated and manage self-defeating thoughts. Nearly all adolescent participants preferred online delivery of content (versus in-person). Mothers chose similar topics with the addition of information on eating healthy outside the home. Key themes from the adolescent qualitative interviews included familial support, body image and self-confidence, and comorbidities as key motivating factors in moving forward with MBS. Conclusions: The feedback provided by both adolescents and parents informed the development of TeenLYFT, an online support intervention for adolescent MBS candidates. The adapted program may reinforce healthy behaviors and by involving parents, help create a supportive environment, increasing the likelihood of sustained behavior change. Understanding adolescent/parent needs to support weight management may also help healthcare providers improve long-term health outcomes for this patient population.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Life Style ; Obesity ; Health Behavior ; Bariatric Surgery/methods ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2118570-0
ISSN	1479-5876 ; 1479-5876
ISSN (online)	1479-5876
ISSN	1479-5876
DOI	10.1186/s12967-024-04953-x
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Article ; Online: Phase II trial of domatinostat (4SC-202) in combination with avelumab in patients with previously treated advanced mismatch repair proficient oesophagogastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma: EMERGE.

Cartwright, E / Slater, S / Saffery, C / Tran, A / Turkes, F / Smith, G / Aresu, M / Kohoutova, D / Terlizzo, M / Zhitkov, O / Rana, I / Johnston, E W / Sanna, I / Smyth, E / Mansoor, W / Fribbens, C / Rao, S / Chau, I / Starling, N /

Cunningham, D

ESMO open

2024 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 102971

Abstract: Background: Most oesophagogastric adenocarcinomas (OGAs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs) are mismatch repair proficient (MMRp), responding poorly to immune checkpoint inhibition. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of domatinostat (histone deacetylase ... ...

Abstract	Background: Most oesophagogastric adenocarcinomas (OGAs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs) are mismatch repair proficient (MMRp), responding poorly to immune checkpoint inhibition. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of domatinostat (histone deacetylase inhibitor) plus avelumab (anti-PD-L1 antibody) in patients with previously treated inoperable, advanced/metastatic MMRp OGA and CRC. Patients and methods: Eligible patients were evaluated in a multicentre, open-label dose escalation/dose expansion phase II trial. In the escalation phase, patients received escalating doses of domatinostat [100 mg once daily (OD), 200 mg OD, 200 mg twice daily (BD)] orally for 14 days followed by continuous dosing plus avelumab 10 mg/kg administered intravenously 2-weekly (2qw) to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). The trial expansion phase evaluated the best objective response rate (ORR) during 6 months by RECIST version 1.1 using a Simon two-stage optimal design with 2/9 and 1/10 responses required to proceed to stage 2 in the OGA and CRC cohorts, respectively. Results: Patients (n = 40) were registered between February 2019 and October 2021. Patients in the dose escalation phase (n = 12) were evaluated to confirm the RP2D of domatinostat 200 mg BD plus avelumab 10 mg/kg. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Twenty-one patients were treated at the RP2D, 19 (9 OGA and 10 CRC) were assessable for the best ORR; 2 patients with CRC did not receive combination treatment and were not assessable for the primary endpoint analysis. Six patients were evaluated in the dose escalation and expansion phases. In the OGA cohort, the best ORR was 22.2% (95% one-sided confidence interval lower bound 4.1) and the median duration of disease control was 11.3 months (range 9.9-12.7 months). No responses were observed in the CRC cohort. No treatment-related grade 3-4 adverse events were reported at the RP2D. Conclusions: Responses in the OGA cohort met the criteria to expand to stage 2 of recruitment with an acceptable safety profile. There was insufficient signal in the CRC cohort to progress to stage 2. Trial registration: NCT03812796 (registered 23
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2059-7029
ISSN (online)	2059-7029
DOI	10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102971
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nacre Is a Liquid-Crystal Thermometer of the Oceans.

Cartwright, Julyan H E / Checa, Antonio G / Sainz-Díaz, C Ignacio

ACS nano

2020 Volume 14, Issue 8, Page(s) 9277–9281

Abstract: Nacre, or mother of pearl, is a biomaterial with a layered structure. In a recent geological study, researchers found that the width of the nacre layers depends on the formation temperature, which is determined by the ocean water temperature. A linear ... ...

Abstract	Nacre, or mother of pearl, is a biomaterial with a layered structure. In a recent geological study, researchers found that the width of the nacre layers depends on the formation temperature, which is determined by the ocean water temperature. A linear dependence of layer width with respect to temperature is understandable within the transient liquid-crystalline nature of incipient nacre. Thus, developing nacre is a liquid-crystal thermometer recording its formation temperature. A more complete understanding of nacre formation is of interest not only for biology and geology, in terms of biomineralization and paleoclimatology, but also for materials science: for reproducing nacre or fabricating synthetic analogues and also potentially for developing new classes of layered materials with layer spacings tunable by pH and temperature.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1936-086X
ISSN (online)	1936-086X
DOI	10.1021/acsnano.0c05353
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Comparative analysis of the myoglobin gene in whales and humans reveals evolutionary changes in regulatory elements and expression levels.

Sackerson, Charles / Garcia, Vivian / Medina, Nicole / Maldonado, Jessica / Daly, John / Cartwright, Rachel

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0284834

Abstract: ... positive input has been identified in a G-rich region 3' of the AT element. Also, a conserved E-box in exon ...

Abstract	Cetacea and other diving mammals have undergone numerous adaptations to their aquatic environment, among them high levels of the oxygen-carrying intracellular hemoprotein myoglobin in skeletal muscles. Hypotheses regarding the mechanisms leading to these high myoglobin levels often invoke the induction of gene expression by exercise, hypoxia, and other physiological gene regulatory pathways. Here we explore an alternative hypothesis: that cetacean myoglobin genes have evolved high levels of transcription driven by the intrinsic developmental mechanisms that drive muscle cell differentiation. We have used luciferase assays in differentiated C2C12 cells to test this hypothesis. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that the myoglobin gene from the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, shows a low level of expression, only about 8% that of humans. This low expression level is broadly shared among cetaceans and artiodactylans. Previous work on regulation of the human gene has identified a core muscle-specific enhancer comprised of two regions, the "AT element" and a C-rich sequence 5' of the AT element termed the "CCAC-box". Analysis of the minke whale gene supports the importance of the AT element, but the minke whale CCAC-box ortholog has little effect. Instead, critical positive input has been identified in a G-rich region 3' of the AT element. Also, a conserved E-box in exon 1 positively affects expression, despite having been assigned a repressive role in the human gene. Last, a novel region 5' of the core enhancer has been identified, which we hypothesize may function as a boundary element. These results illustrate regulatory flexibility during evolution. We discuss the possibility that low transcription levels are actually beneficial, and that evolution of the myoglobin protein toward enhanced stability is a critical factor in the accumulation of high myoglobin levels in adult cetacean muscle tissue.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Minke Whale ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myoglobin/genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Evolution, Molecular
Chemical Substances	Myoglobin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0284834
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Dietary factors concerned in erythropoiesis.

CARTWRIGHT, G E

Blood

2010 Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 256–298

MeSH term(s)	Anemia/etiology ; Animals ; Erythrocytes/biosynthesis ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Erythropoiesis ; Malaria, Avian
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80069-7
ISSN	1528-0020 ; 0006-4971
ISSN (online)	1528-0020
ISSN	0006-4971
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Article ; Online: Phylogenetic and Selection Analysis of an Expanded Family of Putatively Pore-Forming Jellyfish Toxins (Cnidaria: Medusozoa).

Klompen, Anna M L / Kayal, Ehsan / Collins, Allen G / Cartwright, Paulyn

Genome biology and evolution

2021 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: Many jellyfish species are known to cause a painful sting, but box jellyfish (class Cubozoa) are a well-known danger to humans due to exceptionally potent venoms. Cubozoan toxicity has been attributed to the presence and abundance of cnidarian-specific ... ...

Abstract	Many jellyfish species are known to cause a painful sting, but box jellyfish (class Cubozoa) are a well-known danger to humans due to exceptionally potent venoms. Cubozoan toxicity has been attributed to the presence and abundance of cnidarian-specific pore-forming toxins called jellyfish toxins (JFTs), which are highly hemolytic and cardiotoxic. However, JFTs have also been found in other cnidarians outside of Cubozoa, and no comprehensive analysis of their phylogenetic distribution has been conducted to date. Here, we present a thorough annotation of JFTs from 147 cnidarian transcriptomes and document 111 novel putative JFTs from over 20 species within Medusozoa. Phylogenetic analyses show that JFTs form two distinct clades, which we call JFT-1 and JFT-2. JFT-1 includes all known potent cubozoan toxins, as well as hydrozoan and scyphozoan representatives, some of which were derived from medically relevant species. JFT-2 contains primarily uncharacterized JFTs. Although our analyses detected broad purifying selection across JFTs, we found that a subset of cubozoan JFT-1 sequences are influenced by gene-wide episodic positive selection compared with homologous toxins from other taxonomic groups. This suggests that duplication followed by neofunctionalization or subfunctionalization as a potential mechanism for the highly potent venom in cubozoans. Additionally, published RNA-seq data from several medusozoan species indicate that JFTs are differentially expressed, spatially and temporally, between functionally distinct tissues. Overall, our findings suggest a complex evolutionary history of JFTs involving duplication and selection that may have led to functional diversification, including variability in toxin potency and specificity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cnidaria/genetics ; Cnidaria/metabolism ; Cnidarian Venoms/genetics ; Cnidarian Venoms/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Transcriptome
Chemical Substances	Cnidarian Venoms
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2495328-3
ISSN	1759-6653 ; 1759-6653
ISSN (online)	1759-6653
ISSN	1759-6653
DOI	10.1093/gbe/evab081
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Thesis ; Online: Supporting Novice Communication of Audio Concepts for Audio Production Tools

Cartwright, Mark

2016

Abstract: ... desire to acquire this technical knowledge. While simpler tools (e.g. Apple's GarageBand) exist, they are ...

Abstract	Catalyzed by the invention of magnetic tape recording, audio production has transformed from technical to artistic, and the roles of producer, engineer, composer, and performer have merged for many forms of music. However, while these roles have changed, the way we interact with audio production tools has not and still relies on the conventions established in the 1970s for audio engineers. Users communicate their audio concepts to these complex tools using knobs and sliders that control low-level technical parameters. Musicians currently need technical knowledge of signals in addition to their musical knowledge to make novel music. However, many experienced and casual musicians simply do not have the time or desire to acquire this technical knowledge. While simpler tools (e.g. Apple's GarageBand) exist, they are limiting and frustrating to users. To support these audio-production novices, we must build audio-production tools with affordances for them. We must identify interactions that enable novices to communicate their audio concepts without requiring technical knowledge and develop systems that can understand these interactions. This dissertation advances our understanding of this problem by investigating three interaction types which are inspired by how novices communicate audio concepts to other people: language, vocal imitation, and evaluation. Because learning from an individual can be time consuming for a user, much of this dissertation focuses on how we can learn general audio concepts offline using crowdsourcing rather than user-specific audio concepts. This work introduces algorithms, frameworks, and software for learning audio concepts via these interactions and investigates the strengths and weaknesses of both the algorithms and the interaction types. These contributions provide a research foundation for a new generation of audio-production tools. This problem is not limited to audio production tools. Other media production tools—such as software for graphics, image, and video design and editing—are also controlled by low-level technical parameters which require technical knowledge and experience to use effectively. The contributions in this dissertation to learn mappings from descriptive language and feedback to low-level control parameters may also be adapted for creative production tools in these other mediums. The contributions in this dissertation can unlock the creativity trapped in everyone who has the desire to make music and other media but does not have the technical skills required for today's tools.
Keywords	Music\|Computer science
Subject code	780
Language	ENG
Publishing date	2016-01-01 00:00:01.0
Publisher	Northwestern University
Publishing country	us
Document type	Thesis ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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