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Book ; Online: Measurement report

Trickl, Thomas / Vogelmann, Hannes / Fromm, Michael D. / Jäger, Horst / Perfahl, Matthias / Steinbrecht, Wolfgang

eISSN: 1680-7324

Violent biomass burning and volcanic eruptions – a new period of elevated stratospheric aerosol over central Europe (2017 to 2023) in a long series of observations

2024

Abstract: The highlight of the meanwhile 50 years of lidar-based aerosol profiling at Garmisch-Partenkirchen has been the measurements of stratospheric aerosol since 1976. After a technical breakdown in 2016, they have been continued with a new, much more powerful ...

Abstract	The highlight of the meanwhile 50 years of lidar-based aerosol profiling at Garmisch-Partenkirchen has been the measurements of stratospheric aerosol since 1976. After a technical breakdown in 2016, they have been continued with a new, much more powerful system in a vertical range up to almost 50 km a.s.l. (above sea level) that allowed for observing very weak volcanic aerosol up to almost 40 km. The observations since 2017 are characterized by a number of spectacular events, such as the Raikoke volcanic plume equalling in integrated backscatter coefficient that of Mt St Helens in 1981 and severe smoke from several big fires in North America and Siberia with backscatter coefficients up to the maximum values after the Pinatubo eruption. The smoke from the violent 2017 fires in British Columbia gradually reached more than 20 km a.s.l., unprecedented in our observations. The sudden increase in frequency of such strong events is difficult to understand. Finally, the plume of the spectacular underwater eruption on the Tonga Islands in the southern Pacific in January 2022 was detected between 20 and 25 km.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Local comparisons of tropospheric ozone

Trickl, Thomas / Adelwart, Martin / Khordakova, Dina / Ries, Ludwig / Rolf, Christian / Sprenger, Michael / Steinbrecht, Wolfgang / Vogelmann, Hannes

eISSN: 1867-8548

Vertical soundings at two neighbouring stations in Southern Bavaria

2023

Abstract: In this study ozone profiles of the differential-absorption lidar at Garmisch-Partenkirchen are compared with those of ozone sondes of the Forschungszentrum Jülich and of the Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeißenberg (German Weather Service). The lidar ... ...

Abstract	In this study ozone profiles of the differential-absorption lidar at Garmisch-Partenkirchen are compared with those of ozone sondes of the Forschungszentrum Jülich and of the Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeißenberg (German Weather Service). The lidar measurements are quality assured by the highly accurate in-situ measurements at nearby the Wank (1780 m a.s.l.) and Zugspitze (2962 m a.s.l.) summits and at the Global Atmosphere Watch station Schneefernerhaus (2670 m a.s.l.). The lidar results agree almost perfectly with those of the monitoring stations. Side-by-side sounding of the lidar and electrochemical (ECC) sonde measurements by a team of the Forschungszentrum Jülich shows just small positive offsets (≤ 3.4 ppb), almost constant within the troposphere. We conclude that the recently published uncertainties of the lidar in the final configuration since 2012 are realistic and rather small for low to moderate ozone. Comparisons with the Hohenpeißenberg routine Brewer-Mast sonde measurements are more demanding because of the distance of 38 km between both sites. These comparisons cover the three years September 2000 to August 2001, 2009 and 2018. A slight negative average offset (-3.64 ppb ± 7.5 ppb (full error)) of the sondes with respect to the lidar is found. Most sonde measurements could be improved in the troposphere by recalibration with the station data. This would not only remove the average offset, but also greatly reduce the variability of the individual offsets. The comparison for 2009 suggests a careful partial re-evaluation of the lidar measurements between 2007 and 2011 for altitudes above 6 km where an occasional negative bias occurred.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-17
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Local comparisons of tropospheric ozone

Trickl, Thomas / Adelwart, Martin / Khordakova, Dina / Ries, Ludwig / Rolf, Christian / Sprenger, Michael / Steinbrecht, Wolfgang / Vogelmann, Hannes

eISSN: 1867-8548

vertical soundings at two neighbouring stations in southern Bavaria

2023

Abstract	In this study ozone profiles of the differential-absorption lidar at Garmisch-Partenkirchen are compared with those of ozone sondes of the Forschungszentrum Jülich and of the Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeißenberg (German Weather Service). The lidar measurements are quality assured by the highly accurate nearby in situ ozone measurements at the Wank (1780 m a.s.l.) and Zugspitze (2962 m a.s.l.) summits and at the Global Atmosphere Watch station Schneefernerhaus (UFS, 2670 m a.s.l.), at distances of 9 km or less from the lidar. The mixing ratios of the lidar agree with those of the monitoring stations, with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.5 ppb, and feature a slight positive offset of 0.6 ± 0.6 ppb (SD) conforming to the known − 1.8 % calibration bias of the in situ instruments. Side-by-side soundings of the lidar and electrochemical (ECC) sonde measurements in February 2019 by a team of the Forschungszentrum Jülich shows small positive ozone offsets for the sonde with respect to the lidar and the mountain stations (0.5 to 3.4 ppb). After applying an altitude-independent bias correction to the sonde data an agreement to within just ± 2.5 ppb in the troposphere was found, which we regard as the wintertime uncertainty of the lidar. We conclude that the recently published uncertainties of the lidar in the final configuration since 2012 are realistic and rather small for low to moderate ozone concentrations. Comparisons of the lidar with the Hohenpeißenberg routine measurements with Brewer-Mast sondes are more demanding because of the distance of 38 km between the two sites implying significant ozone differences in some layers, particularly in summer. Our comparisons cover the 3 years September 2000 to August 2001, 2009, and 2018. A slight negative average offset ( − 3.64 ± 3.72 ppb (SD)) of the sondes with respect to the lidar was found. We conclude that most Hohenpeißenberg sonde data could be improved in the troposphere by recalibration with the Zugspitze station data (1978 to 2011 summit, afterwards UFS). This ...
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book: MIKLIP-MOSQUITO: Modell-Validierung auf der Basis qualitativ hochwertiger vertikal Profilbeobachtungen (Modul E)

Steinbrecht, Wolfgang

Abstract: MOSQUITO (MOdell-validierung auf der baSis QUalitativ hochwertiger verTikal prOfilbeobachtungen) liefert einen Beitrag zum Validierungs-Modul E von MIKLIP. Ziel des Projekts ist die Bereitstellung statistischer Klimakenngroessen (Essential Climate ... ...

Institution	Deutscher Wetterdienst, Geschaeftsbereich Forschung und Entwicklung, Abt. FEHP Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeissenberg, Albin-Schwaiger-Weg 10, 82383, Hohenpeissenberg, DE
Abstract	MOSQUITO (MOdell-validierung auf der baSis QUalitativ hochwertiger verTikal prOfilbeobachtungen) liefert einen Beitrag zum Validierungs-Modul E von MIKLIP. Ziel des Projekts ist die Bereitstellung statistischer Klimakenngroessen (Essential Climate Variables) von Temperatur, Feuchte, Wind und Ozon auf der Basis von Radio- und Ozonsondendaten. Mithilfe dieser Daten sollen dann globale und regionale Klimasimulationen aus den MIKLIP Modulen A bis D validiert werden. Die Arbeitsplanung sieht folgende Arbeitspakete vor: 1.) Einrichtung einer geeigneten Datenbank. Entwicklung von Verfahren zum Einbringen deutscher Sondierungsdaten. Einbringen historischer Daten, sowie neu auflaufender Daten. 2.) Auswahl internationaler Stationen. Sammeln von Informationen ueber Brueche, Sondenwechsel, Unterschiede zwischen Sonden. Einbringen internationaler Daten. 3.) Festlegungen und Verfahrensentwicklung fuer die Ableitung statistischer Kenngroessen. Qualitaetskontrolle und Qualitaetsverbesserung der Daten auf der Basis der Stationsinformationen und Statistiken. 4.) Vergleich beobachteter und simulierter Klimatologien. Modellvalidierung und Interaktion mit Modulen A bis D. 5.) Untersuchung der langzeitlichen Trends in Beobachtungen und Simulationen, Stationsvergleiche, regionale Effekte. Weitere Modellvalidierung. 6.) Untersuchung und Validierung von Vorhersage-relevanten mehrjaehrigen und dekadischen Schwankungen in Beobachtungen und Simulationen (QBO, Sonnenzyklus, Zirkulationsmuster). 7.) Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse als wissenschaftliche Veroeffentlichungen und abschliessende Berichte. Die Projektergebnisse dienen direkt der Validierung der MIKLIP Klimavorhersagen. Die erzeugten Daten erlauben eine bessere Beschreibung des Klimas der letzten 30 Jahre und koennen als Grundlage fuer andere Studien verwendet werden. Die Hauptergebnisse sollen in internationalen wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften veroeffentlicht werden.
Keywords	Validierung ; Modul ; Klima ; Wind ; Ozon ; Globale Aspekte ; Klimasimulation ; Planung ; Datenbank ; Zeitschrift ; Sonde ; Kenngroesse ; Statistik ; Simulation ; Vorhersage ; Klimaprognose ; Verfahrensoptimierung ; Meteorologischer Parameter ; Verfahrensparameter ; Statistische Auswertung ; Temperatur ; Datengewinnung ; Datensammlung ; Meteorologie ; Qualitaetssicherung ; Klimatologie ; Regionale Differenzierung ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Language	German
Document type	Book
Remark	Projektbeginn: 01.09.2011 Projektende: 31.08.2015 Foerdernummer: 01LP1106A
Database	Environmental research database (UFORDAT) of the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA)

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Article ; Online: Detecting recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer.

Chipperfield, Martyn P / Bekki, Slimane / Dhomse, Sandip / Harris, Neil R P / Hassler, Birgit / Hossaini, Ryan / Steinbrecht, Wolfgang / Thiéblemont, Rémi / Weber, Mark

Nature

2017 Volume 549, Issue 7671, Page(s) 211–218

Abstract: As a result of the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its amendments, the atmospheric loading of anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances is decreasing. Accordingly, the stratospheric ozone layer is expected to recover. However, short data records and ... ...

Abstract	As a result of the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its amendments, the atmospheric loading of anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances is decreasing. Accordingly, the stratospheric ozone layer is expected to recover. However, short data records and atmospheric variability confound the search for early signs of recovery, and climate change is masking ozone recovery from ozone-depleting substances in some regions and will increasingly affect the extent of recovery. Here we discuss the nature and timescales of ozone recovery, and explore the extent to which it can be currently detected in different atmospheric regions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/nature23681
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Ground-based ozone profiles over central Europe

Bernet, Leonie / Clarmann, Thomas / Godin-Beekmann, Sophie / Ancellet, Gérard / Maillard Barras, Eliane / Stübi, René / Steinbrecht, Wolfgang / Kämpfer, Niklaus / Hocke, Klemens

eISSN: 1680-7324

incorporating anomalous observations into the analysis of stratospheric ozone trends

2019

Abstract: Observing stratospheric ozone is essential to assess whether the Montreal Protocol has succeeded in saving the ozone layer by banning ozone depleting substances. Recent studies have reported positive trends, indicating that ozone is recovering in the ... ...

Abstract	Observing stratospheric ozone is essential to assess whether the Montreal Protocol has succeeded in saving the ozone layer by banning ozone depleting substances. Recent studies have reported positive trends, indicating that ozone is recovering in the upper stratosphere at mid-latitudes, but the trend magnitudes differ, and uncertainties are still high. Trends and their uncertainties are influenced by factors such as instrumental drifts, sampling patterns, discontinuities, biases, or short-term anomalies that may all mask a potential ozone recovery. The present study investigates how anomalies, temporal measurement sampling rates, and trend period lengths influence resulting trends. We present an approach for handling suspicious anomalies in trend estimations. For this, we analysed multiple ground-based stratospheric ozone records in central Europe to identify anomalous periods in data from the GROund-based Millimetre-wave Ozone Spectrometer (GROMOS) located in Bern, Switzerland. The detected anomalies were then used to estimate ozone trends from the GROMOS time series by considering the anomalous observations in the regression. We compare our improved GROMOS trend estimate with results derived from the other ground-based ozone records (lidars, ozonesondes, and microwave radiometers), that are all part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The data indicate positive trends of 1 % decade −1 to 3 % decade −1 at an altitude of about 39 km (3 hPa ), providing a confirmation of ozone recovery in the upper stratosphere in agreement with satellite observations. At lower altitudes, the ground station data show inconsistent trend results, which emphasize the importance of ongoing research on ozone trends in the lower stratosphere. Our presented method of a combined analysis of ground station data provides a useful approach to recognize and to reduce uncertainties in stratospheric ozone trends by considering anomalies in the trend estimation. We conclude that stratospheric trend estimations still need improvement and that our approach provides a tool that can also be useful for other data sets.
Subject code	333 ; 290
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-03
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book: Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Ozon und Temperatur in der Stratosphäre

Steinbrecht, Wolfgang / Winkler, Peter

(Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes ; 210)

2000

Author's details	von Wolfgang Steinbrecht und Peter Winkler
Series title	Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes ; 210
Language	German
Size	66 S, graph. Darst., Kt, 30 cm
Publisher	Selbstverl. des Dt. Wetterdienstes
Publishing place	Offenbach am Main
Document type	Book
Note	Literaturverz. S. 64 - 66 ; Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache
ISBN	3881483640 ; 9783881483643
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Book: Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Ozon und Temperatur in der Stratosphäre

Steinbrecht, Wolfgang / Winkler, Peter

(Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes ; 210)

2000

Author's details	von Wolfgang Steinbrecht und Peter Winkler
Series title	Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes ; 210
Language	German
Size	66 S, graph. Darst., Kt, 30 cm
Document type	Book
Note	Literaturverz. S. 64 - 66 ; Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache
ISBN	3881483640 ; 9783881483643
Database	Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries

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Book ; Online: Long-term dynamics of OH * temperatures over central Europe

Kalicinsky, Christoph / Knieling, Peter / Koppmann, Ralf / Offermann, Dirk / Steinbrecht, Wolfgang / Wintel, Johannes

eISSN: 1680-7324

trends and solar correlations

2016

Abstract: We present the analysis of annual average OH* temperatures in the mesopause region derived from measurements of the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS) at Wuppertal (51° N, 7° E) in the time interval 1988 to 2015. The new study uses a ... ...

Abstract	We present the analysis of annual average OH* temperatures in the mesopause region derived from measurements of the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS) at Wuppertal (51° N, 7° E) in the time interval 1988 to 2015. The new study uses a temperature time series which is 7 years longer than that used for the latest analysis regarding the long-term dynamics. This additional observation time leads to a change in characterisation of the observed long-term dynamics. We perform a multiple linear regression using the solar radio flux F10.7 cm (11-year cycle of solar activity) and time to describe the temperature evolution. The analysis leads to a linear trend of (−0.089 ± 0.055) K year −1 and a sensitivity to the solar activity of (4.2 ± 0.9) K (100 SFU) −1 ( r 2 of fit 0.6). However, one linear trend in combination with the 11-year solar cycle is not sufficient to explain all observed long-term dynamics. In fact, we find a clear trend break in the temperature time series in the middle of 2008. Before this break point there is an explicit negative linear trend of (−0.24 ± 0.07) K year −1 , and after 2008 the linear trend turns positive with a value of (0.64 ± 0.33) K year −1 . This apparent trend break can also be described using a long periodic oscillation. One possibility is to use the 22-year solar cycle that describes the reversal of the solar magnetic field (Hale cycle). A multiple linear regression using the solar radio flux and the solar polar magnetic field as parameters leads to the regression coefficients C solar = (5.0 ± 0.7) K (100 SFU) −1 and C hale = (1.8 ± 0.5) K (100 µT) −1 ( r 2 = 0.71). The second way of describing the OH* temperature time series is to use the solar radio flux and an oscillation. A least-square fit leads to a sensitivity to the solar activity of (4.1 ± 0.8) K (100 SFU) −1 , a period P = (24.8 ± 3.3) years, and an amplitude C sin = (1.95 ± 0.44) K of the oscillation ( r 2 = 0.78). The most important finding here is that using this description an additional linear trend is no longer needed. Moreover, with the knowledge of this 25-year oscillation the linear trends derived in this and in a former study of the Wuppertal data series can be reproduced by just fitting a line to the corresponding part (time interval) of the oscillation. This actually means that, depending on the analysed time interval, completely different linear trends with respect to magnitude and sign can be observed. This fact is of essential importance for any comparison between different observations and model simulations.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12-06
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Attributing ozone to NOₓ emissions: Implications for climate mitigation measures

Grewe, Volker / Dahlmann, Katrin / Matthes, Sigrun / Steinbrecht, Wolfgang

Atmospheric environment. 2012 Nov., v. 59

2012

Abstract: Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) lead to formation of ozone, which is an important greenhouse gas. Despite its relevance, little emphasis was previously given on verifying approaches to calculate contributions of individual emissions to ozone and hence ...

Abstract	Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) lead to formation of ozone, which is an important greenhouse gas. Despite its relevance, little emphasis was previously given on verifying approaches to calculate contributions of individual emissions to ozone and hence to climate change. Basically two methods (perturbation method and tagging method) were used in the past. We demonstrate that both methods are valid and have their area of application, but only tagging calculates contributions of emissions to concentrations, whereas the perturbation method identifies changes in the ozone concentrations due to emission changes. Our results show that the contribution of road traffic emissions to climate change is underestimated by a factor of 5 in the perturbation method. This is caused by non-linear compensating effects from other emission sectors, which are concealed in the perturbation method but disclosed with tagging. Consequently, the effectiveness of mitigation measures for individual sectors (i.e. concentrating on road traffic induced ozone) is only correctly expressed by the tagging method. The perturbation method provides accurately the total impact (i.e. total ozone) of a mitigation measure. However, current approaches, which evaluate the effectiveness of a mitigation measure based on the perturbation approach, do not reflect changes in the chemical state of the atmosphere (i.e. ozone production rates). These largely affect the effectiveness of subsequent measures and hence make the evaluation of the effectiveness of two measures dependent on their chronology of application. We show that also in this regard, the tagging method is better suited to evaluate the effectiveness of a mitigation measure than the perturbation method.
Keywords	atmospheric chemistry ; climate ; climate change ; emissions ; greenhouse gases ; nitrogen oxides ; ozone ; traffic
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-11
Size	p. 102-107.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.05.002
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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