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  1. Article: A mobile-based system for maize plant leaf disease detection and classification using deep learning.

    Khan, Faiza / Zafar, Noureen / Tahir, Muhammad Naveed / Aqib, Muhammad / Waheed, Hamna / Haroon, Zainab

    Frontiers in plant science

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1079366

    Abstract: Artificial Intelligence has been used for many applications such as medical, communication, object detection, and object tracking. Maize crop, which is the major crop in the world, is affected by several types of diseases which lower its yield and affect ...

    Abstract Artificial Intelligence has been used for many applications such as medical, communication, object detection, and object tracking. Maize crop, which is the major crop in the world, is affected by several types of diseases which lower its yield and affect the quality. This paper focuses on this issue and provides an application for the detection and classification of diseases in maize crop using deep learning models. In addition to this, the developed application also returns the segmented images of affected leaves and thus enables us to track the disease spots on each leaf. For this purpose, a dataset of three maize crop diseases named Blight, Sugarcane Mosaic virus, and Leaf Spot is collected from the University Research Farm Koont, PMAS-AAUR at different growth stages on contrasting weather conditions. This data was used for training different prediction models including YOLOv3-tiny, YOLOv4, YOLOv5s, YOLOv7s, and YOLOv8n and the reported prediction accuracy was 69.40%, 97.50%, 88.23%, 93.30%, and 99.04% respectively. Results demonstrate that the prediction accuracy of the YOLOv8n model is higher than the other applied models. This model has shown excellent results while localizing the affected area of the leaf accurately with a higher confidence score. YOLOv8n is the latest model used for the detection of diseases as compared to the other approaches in the available literature. Also, worked on sugarcane mosaic virus using deep learning models has also been reported for the first time. Further, the models with high accuracy have been embedded in a mobile application to provide a real-time disease detection facility for end users within a few seconds.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2613694-6
    ISSN 1664-462X
    ISSN 1664-462X
    DOI 10.3389/fpls.2023.1079366
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Role Of Cd8+ Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes In Predicting Regional Lymph Node Metastasis In Lip And Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

    Sukhera, Zainab Asif / Zafar, Nadeem / Ara, Nighat / Muneer, Saadia / Haroon, Azka / Saeed, Zunaira

    Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 288–293

    Abstract: Background: Lip and oral squamous cell carcinoma maintains a significant disease burden in Pakistan. The latest research on cancer focuses more on the role of body's immune response in tumour progression and spread rather than on the nature of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Lip and oral squamous cell carcinoma maintains a significant disease burden in Pakistan. The latest research on cancer focuses more on the role of body's immune response in tumour progression and spread rather than on the nature of neoplastic cells. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes constitute a major part of the tumour microenvironment and infiltration of tumour stroma by cytotoxic T-cells are known to limit the tumour progression in various malignancies, such as colorectal and stomach cancers. In our study, we aim to establish the prognostic role of CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in lip and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
    Methods: Clinico-pathological data and paraffin-embedded blocks were obtained for 100 cases of lip and oral squamous cell carcinoma. These cases were selected through non-probability, convenience sampling at the Histopathology department of A.F.I.P., Rawalpindi. Fresh sections from the tumour proper were taken and CD8 immuno-marker was applied. Data was recorded, entered and analysed with S.P.S.S. version 27.0 and Microsoft Excel. Qualitative variables were represented as frequency/percentages and quantitative variables were represented as mean and standard deviation. Chi-squared test was applied to test association between categorical data. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant.
    Results: Increased CD8 T.I.L. density was significantly associated with pN stage (p-value= .000) and early clinical stage (p-value= .014). No significant association with other clinico-pathological parameters was established.
    Conclusions: CD8 T.I.L. density is a reliable marker for predicting absence or presence of cervical nodal metastasis in lip and oral S.C.C. Its predictive role in determining overall survival rate should be evaluated in future studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology ; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; Lip ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology ; Prognosis ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-09
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2192473-9
    ISSN 1819-2718 ; 1025-9589
    ISSN (online) 1819-2718
    ISSN 1025-9589
    DOI 10.55519/JAMC-02-11654
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Immunohistochemical Expression Of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (Her-2) In Common Salivary Gland Carcinomas.

    Saeed, Zunaira / Zafar, Nadeemc / Ara, Nighat / Muneer, Saadia / Asif, Zainab / Haroon, Azka / Saeed, Zahra

    Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 280–284

    Abstract: Background: Carcinomas of the salivary gland are known to be aggressive in nature, making them difficult to manage. The therapeutic options offered include excision of the gland (maxillectomy in cases of palatal tumours), with or without lymph node ... ...

    Abstract Background: Carcinomas of the salivary gland are known to be aggressive in nature, making them difficult to manage. The therapeutic options offered include excision of the gland (maxillectomy in cases of palatal tumours), with or without lymph node dissection, proceeded with radiotherapy. Chemotherapy has not produced promising outcomes and has a minimal impact as a therapeutic alternative. Targeted therapy against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), which is a commonly used treatment modality for their mammary analogues, is not being offered to these patients since scant literature is available showing its usefulness and no promising evidence is present regarding their efficacy and efficiency in such cases. The study aimed to evaluate and quantify the immunohistochemical expression of HER-2 in cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), which are analogues of similar tumours arising in breast tissue.
    Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, duration of which was six months. A total of 45 cases (15 of each tumour) were taken, and sampled using non-probability convenience technique. The immunohistochemical marker, monoclonal HER-2 antibody (Leica microsystem Germany) was applied on appropriate blocks of all included cases. The staining pattern and intensity were recorded after visualizing the slides under a light microscope.
    Results: Seven cases of salivary duct carcinoma and a single case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma expressed positivity for HER-2, while no expression could be seen in the case of adenoid cystic carcinoma. A statistically significant difference was seen when HER-2 expression was compared among the aforementioned tumours.
    Conclusions: The use of targeted therapy against HER-2 is limited to patients of salivary duct carcinoma and a fraction of patients suffering from mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology ; Salivary Glands/metabolism
    Chemical Substances ERBB2 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-09
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2192473-9
    ISSN 1819-2718 ; 1025-9589
    ISSN (online) 1819-2718
    ISSN 1025-9589
    DOI 10.55519/JAMC-02-11647
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Prognostic Value of Cyclin-D1 Expression in Head-a nd-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

    Azka Haroon / Muhammad Nadeem Zafar / Nighat Ara / Saadia Muneer / Zunaira Saeed / Zainab Asif Sukhera

    Journal of Islamic International Medical College, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 22-

    A Half-Decade Follow-Up

    2023  Volume 26

    Abstract: Objective: To check the expression pattern of cyclin-D1 in stage I head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (H.N.S.C.C.) cases (evaluated based on history, clinical, medical, and radiological records) in our setting and evaluate the role of cyclin-D1 as a ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To check the expression pattern of cyclin-D1 in stage I head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (H.N.S.C.C.) cases (evaluated based on history, clinical, medical, and radiological records) in our setting and evaluate the role of cyclin-D1 as a prognostic marker of H.N.S.C.C. (considering recurrence within five years and metastasis). Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (A.F.I.P.)Rawalpindi working in conjunction with the Department of Radiation Oncology, Rawalpindi. The duration of study was from 7 March 2022-14 October 2022. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 92 patients from year 2015-16 of stage I diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck with complete five-year follow-up after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After collecting and matching the data on follow-up with record of the patients from Department of Radiation Oncology, C.M.H., Rawalpindi; paraffin-embedded blocks of these patients from year 2015/2016 were retrieved. Fresh Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) slides were prepared, and diagnosis was reconfirmed, vimentin stain was applied to check the antigenicity of the tissue followed by application of cyclin-D1 immuno-histochemical marker (I.H.C.) marker with controls to check the expression pattern. Results: In our study we included a total of 92 diagnosed cases of stage I H.N.S.C.C. with a complete 5-year follow-up. Out of 92 cases male to female ratio was almost 3:1 with males comprising a total of 68 (73.9%) and females comprising 24 (26.1%). Mean age of patients was 62.48+ 11.439 years. Larynx was the most frequently involved site 34.8% (n=32), followed by tongue 23.9% (n=22) and buccal mucosa 13.0% (n=12). Cyclin-D1expression and tumor grade were revealed to have a statistically significant clinicopathological relationship (p value 0.001). A statistically significant association between the expression of cyclin-D1 and tumor recurrence (p value < 0.001) ...
    Keywords cyclin-d1 ; five-year follow-up ; head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma ; immuno-histochemical expression ; prognosis ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Riphah International University, Islamabad
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Reduction in Average Length-of-Stay in Emergency Department of a Low-Income Country's Cancer Hospital.

    Shakoor, Qurratulain / Hafeez, Haroon / Saleem, Atif / Khanzada, Zubair Shabbir / Safir, Hira / Ajmal, Zainab / Sajjad, Kashif

    Journal of cancer & allied specialties

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 537

    Abstract: Introduction: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) in emergency departments (ED) is a widespread problem in every hospital around the globe. Multiple factors cause it and can have a negative impact on the quality of care provided to the patients and the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) in emergency departments (ED) is a widespread problem in every hospital around the globe. Multiple factors cause it and can have a negative impact on the quality of care provided to the patients and the patient satisfaction rates. This project aimed to ensure that the average LOS of patients in a tertiary care cancer hospital stays below 3 hours.
    Materials and methods: The Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach was followed.
    Results: The average LOS was 166 minutes before implementing interventions. The two primary reasons for the increased length of stay were delays secondary to physician assessment and diagnostic lab reports. Strategies were defined to control these factors, which helped reduce the average length of stay to 142 minutes, a 30% reduction.
    Conclusion: A process improvement model similar to this project is recommended to enhance the quality of hospital services. It will provide valuable insights into the process flow and assist in gathering precise data on the various steps involved. The data collected can then be analyzed to identify potential causes and make informed decisions that can significantly improve hospital processes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2411-989X
    ISSN (online) 2411-989X
    DOI 10.37029/jcas.v10i1.537
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Long-term clinical outcomes of intravascular imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention versus angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in complex coronary lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Ashraf, Danish Ali / Ahmed, Usman / Khan, Zainab Zaib / Mushtaq, Fiza / Bano, Shehar / Khan, Ali Raza / Azam, Saad / Haroon, Abdullah / Malik, Salman Ahmed / Aslam, Raza / Kumar, Jai / Khan, Farva Zaib / Faheem, Amna / Kumar, Sarwan / Hassan, Saad

    Future cardiology

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2274267-0
    ISSN 1744-8298 ; 1479-6678
    ISSN (online) 1744-8298
    ISSN 1479-6678
    DOI 10.2217/fca-2023-0124
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Deep Learning-Based Approach for Weed Detection in Potato Crops

    Faiza Khan / Noureen Zafar / Muhammad Naveed Tahir / Muhammad Aqib / Shoaib Saleem / Zainab Haroon

    Environmental Sciences Proceedings, Vol 23, Iss 6, p

    2022  Volume 6

    Abstract: The digital revolution is transforming agriculture by applying artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops which is susceptible to different varieties of weeds which not only lower its ... ...

    Abstract The digital revolution is transforming agriculture by applying artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops which is susceptible to different varieties of weeds which not only lower its yield but also affect crop quality. Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision (CV) techniques have been proven to be state-of-the-art in terms of addressing various agricultural problems. In this study, a dataset of five different potato weeds was collected in different environments and under different climatic conditions such as sunny, cloudy, partly cloudy, and at different times of the day on a weekly basis. For weeds-detection purposes, the Tiny-YOLOv4 model was trained on the collected potato weeds dataset. The proposed model obtained 49.4% mAP value by calculating the IoU. The model trained with high prediction accuracy will later be used as part of a site-specific spraying system to apply agrochemicals for weed management in potato crops.
    Keywords deep learning ; object detection ; YOLO ; weed detection ; digital agriculture ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Comparison of soft tissue mobilization versus static stretching in post-burn contractures at elbow and wrist, A pilot study

    Zainab Tehreem / Yasir Kazmi / Muhammad Usman Khalid / Haroon Mansha / Muhammad Hassan / Rabia Majeed

    Journal of University Medical & Dental College, Vol 13, Iss

    2022  Volume 3

    Abstract: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Post-burn contracture is the tightening of the skin after a second or third-degree burn with the formation of contracture. Post-burn contractures result in the limitation of movement around a burn area. Burns contractures, if left ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Post-burn contracture is the tightening of the skin after a second or third-degree burn with the formation of contracture. Post-burn contractures result in the limitation of movement around a burn area. Burns contractures, if left untreated, may cause limitations in the range of motion and daily living tasks. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of soft tissue mobilization versus static stretching in post-burn contractures at the elbow and wrist. METHODOLOGY: A pilot study was conducted, and 36 patients were enrolled. Patients with post-burn contracture were divided randomly into two groups. Allocation of patients in both groups was done by computerized generated list. The treatment frequency was 3 times a week. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and Katz index ADLS scale were used for scoring. Paired t-test was applied to evaluate the data. RESULTS: The mean age in group A and B were 26.16±7.46 and 28.05±1.27, respectively. Mean score for pre-Katz Index of Group A and B (2.47±0.87, 2.16±0.98), post-Katz Index group A and B (3.29±1.68, 3.05±1.47) with a p-value 0.12 and 0.03 group A and B respectively. The mean score group A and B for pre-NPRS (7.61±1.37, 7.94±1.10), post-NPRS (2.27±1.01, 1.72±1.22) with a p-value<0.001 . CONCLUSION: It was concluded that static stretching is more effective than soft tissue mobilization.
    Keywords Burns ; Static stretching ; Contracture ; Soft Tissue ; Physical Therapy ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher University of Faisalabad
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Downscaling of Satellite Rainfall Data Using Remotely Sensed NDVI and Topographic Datasets

    Zarina Yasmeen / Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema / Saddam Hussain / Zainab Haroon / Sadaf Amin / Muhammad Sohail Waqas

    Environmental Sciences Proceedings, Vol 23, Iss 40, p

    2023  Volume 40

    Abstract: Rainfall is a key factor in hydrological, meteorological, and water management applications in restricted regions or basins, but its measurement remains difficult in mountainous or otherwise remote places due to a lack of readily available rain gauges. ... ...

    Abstract Rainfall is a key factor in hydrological, meteorological, and water management applications in restricted regions or basins, but its measurement remains difficult in mountainous or otherwise remote places due to a lack of readily available rain gauges. While satellite rainfall data offer a better temporal resolution than other sources, the majority of this data are only available at a coarse geographic resolution, which distorts the true picture of precipitation. Thus, researchers at the University of Agriculture in Faisalabad used the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) monthly data and 1 km topography data for the whole Indus Basin from 2002 to 2011 to reduce the TRMM’s spatial resolution from 25 km to 1 km. An approach to downscaling based on a regression model with residual correction was established in this study. First, we resampled the NDVI and TRMM datasets to a 25 km resolution and established a regression model connecting the two datasets. Precipitation was forecasted at a distance of 25 km. The TRMM 3B43 product was then adjusted downward by the projected precipitation to achieve the residual value. The IDW method was used to reduce the resolution of the residual image from 25 km to 1 km. Rainfall was predicted using a regression model applied to NDVI at a 1 km spatial resolution. The final downscaled precipitation was created by combining the modeled precipitation at 1 km resolution with the residual image. The result was double-checked by the post-processing steps of validation and calibration.
    Keywords downscaling ; rainfall ; NDVI ; TRMM ; spatial resolution ; meteorological observation ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: When acral malignant melanoma facades as diabetic foot!

    Yasear, Zainab Akram Yousif / Bloomer, Lynda / Siddique, Roshan / Siddique, Haroon

    BMJ case reports

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 7

    Abstract: An 85-year-old Indian man presented with non-healing foot ulcer over the left heel. There was initial response to wound size with standard treatment including offloading, debridement and antibiotic therapy. However, subsequently, there was no progress ... ...

    Abstract An 85-year-old Indian man presented with non-healing foot ulcer over the left heel. There was initial response to wound size with standard treatment including offloading, debridement and antibiotic therapy. However, subsequently, there was no progress noted. Incidentally, two small black spots in the wound bed raised the suspicion of melanoma. Incisional biopsy confirmed acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM). The final diagnosis was ALM coexisting with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The wound was treated by surgical resection and flap reconstruction that resulted in complete healing. Fourteen months after the initial intervention, the patient developed a new lump and ulceration around the previous wound bed. This turned out to be recurrent disease with distant metastasis. The patient died eventually with palliative support. Through this case, we would like to highlight the importance of early biopsy and intervention in DFU especially for those wounds with atypical presentation or refractory to standard treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Foot/complications ; Foot Ulcer ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma/complications ; Skin Neoplasms/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1757-790X
    ISSN (online) 1757-790X
    DOI 10.1136/bcr-2021-242918
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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