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Conference proceedings ; Online: Wheat genetics, research and development in Egypt

Abay, Kibrom A.

2023

Abstract: National Wheat Day 2-Day Workshop 13-14 February 2023 Cairo, ... ...

Abstract	National Wheat Day 2-Day Workshop 13-14 February 2023 Cairo, Egypt
Keywords	wheat ; vulnerability ; households ; social protection ; food waste ; inflation ; armed conflicts ; war ; consumption
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28T20:21:54Z
Publisher	International Food Policy Research Institute
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Respondent Fatigue Reduces Dietary Diversity Scores Reported from Mobile Phone Surveys in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Abay, Kibrom A / Berhane, Guush / Hoddinott, John / Tafere, Kibrom

The Journal of nutrition

2023 Volume 152, Issue 10, Page(s) 2269–2276

Abstract: Background: The computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the effects of respondent fatigue during these interviews on responses to questions about diet are unknown.: Objectives: We ... ...

Abstract	Background: The computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the effects of respondent fatigue during these interviews on responses to questions about diet are unknown. Objectives: We designed an experiment that randomized the placement of a survey module on the dietary diversity of rural Ethiopian women and assessed whether responses were altered by placing this module earlier or later in a phone survey. Methods: Two CATIs were implemented; in the second, women were randomly assigned to answer questions on diet diversity either earlier or later in the interview. Women's Dietary Diversity Scores were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were dichotomous measures of consumption from four or more and five or more food groups and consumption of food groups consumed frequently, often, and rarely. Impacts were assessed using a respondent fixed effects model. Results: Delaying the food consumption module by 15 min in the interview led to an 8%-17% (P < 0.01) decrease in reported Dietary Diversity Scores, a 28% (P < 0.01) decrease in the number of women who consumed a minimum of four dietary groups, and a 40% (P < 0.01) and 11% (P < 0.01) decrease in the reporting of consumption of animal source foods and fruits and vegetables, respectively. Moving the food consumption module closer to the beginning of the interview increased the number of reported food groups consumed by older women, women with a below-median education level, and women in larger households. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that comparisons of descriptive statistics across studies and countries on metrics such as food security and dietary quality may be confounded by where these modules are placed in the interview, thus highlighting trade-offs between volume of information collected and data quality when designing CATI surveys.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cell Phone ; Diet ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1093/jn/nxac153
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Article ; Online: Near-real-time welfare and livelihood impacts of an active war

Abay, Kibrom A. / Tafere, Kibrom / Berhane, Guush / Chamberlin, Jordan / Abay, Mehari H. / Abay, Kibrom

Food Policy 119(August 2023): 102526

Evidence from Ethiopia

2023

Abstract: Ethiopia recently experienced a large-scale war that lasted for more than two years. Using unique High-Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) data, which span several months before and after the outbreak of the war, this paper provides evidence on the immediate ... ...

Abstract	Ethiopia recently experienced a large-scale war that lasted for more than two years. Using unique High-Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) data, which span several months before and after the outbreak of the war, this paper provides evidence on the immediate impacts of the conflict on households’ food security. We also assess potential mechanisms and evaluate impacts on proximate outcomes, including on livelihood activities and access to food markets. We use difference-in-differences and two-way fixed effects estimation to compare trends across affected and unaffected regions (households) and before and after the outbreak of the war. Seven months into the conflict, we find that the war was associated with a 37 percentage points increase in the probability of moderate to severe food insecurity. Using the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED), we show that exposure to an additional battle leads to a 1 percentage point increase in the probability of moderate or severe food insecurity. The conflict was associated with significant reduction in access to food through supply chain disruptions and by curtailing non-farm livelihood activities. Non-farm and wage related activities were affected the most, whereas farming activities were relatively more resilient. Our estimates, which likely underestimate the true average effects on the population, constitute novel evidence on the near-real-time impacts of large-scale conflict. Our work highlights the potential of HFPS to monitor active and large-scale conflicts, especially in contexts where conventional data sources are not immediately available. PR IFPRI3; ISI; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; IFPRIOA Innovation Policy and Scaling (IPS); Transformation Strategies
Keywords	armed conflicts ; food access ; food security ; households ; livelihoods ; resilience ; supply chain disruptions ; surveys ; war ; welfare ; ex durante ; D74 Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; I31 General Welfare ; Well-Being ; I32 Measurement and Analysis of Poverty ; J21 Labor Force and Employment ; Size ; and Structure ; O13 Economic Development: Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Product ; Q12 Micro Analysis of Farm Firms ; Farm Households ; and Farm Input Markets ; Q13 Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Africa might have dodged a bullet, but systemic warnings abound for poverty reduction efforts on the continent (World Bank blogs)

Abay, Kibrom A. / Kurdi, Sikandra

2023

Abstract: World Bank published a blog post written by research fellow Kibrom Abay and Sikandra Kurdi, Kibrom ...

Abstract	World Bank published a blog post written by research fellow Kibrom Abay and Sikandra Kurdi, Kibrom Tafere (Sustainability and Infrastructure Team of the Development Research Group), and Nishant Yonzan (World Bank). The blog post stated that there were lessons and warnings to take from Africa’s response to the Coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic was one of the largest global shocks in recent history. Fortunately, it did not increase extreme poverty in Africa as it was feared it would. Early simulations projected an increase in the number of poor by anywhere between 30 – 120 million in 2020. The reason for the lower-than-expected poverty increase across the continent may be a combination of things. First, states that are fragile and in conflict are relatively more affected by negative shocks compared to those not in conflict. Second, the pandemic also uncovered important vulnerabilities in social safety nets in Africa. Third, the pandemic tested traditional methods of targeting and delivering social support programs in Africa that target chronic poverty—not vulnerability to shocks—and have traditionally focused on rural areas. Social protection programming in Africa needs to be “shock-responsive” and evolve dynamically in response to the needs and challenges arising from covariate shocks.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Coronavirinae ; pandemics ; poverty ; vulnerability ; social safety nets ; rural areas ; food security ; nutrition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-19T22:13:41Z
Publisher	CGIAR System Organization
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and food security in Ethiopia

Abay, Kibrom A. / Berhane, Guush / Hoddinott, John F. / Tafere, Kibrom / Abay, Kibrom

Economic Development and Cultural Change 71(2)

Do social protection programs protect?

2023

Abstract: PR ... IFPRI3; ISI; CRP2; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance ... Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); ... ...

Abstract	PR IFPRI3; ISI; CRP2; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategies; PIM CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
Keywords	ETHIOPIA ; EAST AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; AFRICA ; Coronavirus ; coronavirus disease ; Coronavirinae ; COVID-19 ; food security ; social protection ; programmes ; income ; nutrition security ; households ; nutrition ; diet diversity ; Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) ; I30 Welfare ; Well-Being ; and Poverty: General ; I38 Welfare ; and Poverty: Government Programs ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs ; O10 Economic Development: General ; Q18 Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Language	English
Publisher	University of Chicago Press
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The role of spatial inequalities on youth migration Decisions

Amare, Mulubrhan / Abay, Kibrom A. / Chamberlin, Jordan / Abay, Kibrom

Journal of Development Studies 59(6): 911-932

empirical evidence from Nigeria

2023

Abstract: Non-PR ... IFPRI3; ISI; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance ... Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); ... ...

Abstract	Non-PR IFPRI3; ISI; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategies
Keywords	NIGERIA ; WEST AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; AFRICA ; agriculture ; data ; data analysis ; economics ; education ; land access ; migrants ; remote sensing ; surveying ; welfare ; youth ; youth migration ; rural-rural migrants ; O15 Economic Development: Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration ; R23 Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics ; P25 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Urban ; Rural ; and Regional Economics
Language	English
Publisher	Taylor & Francis
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Revisiting poverty trends and the role of social protection systems in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abay, Kibrom A. / Yonzan, Nishant / Kurdi, Sikandra / Tafere, Kibrom / Abay, Kibrom

Journal of African Economies 32(Supplement 2): ii44–ii68

2023

Abstract: Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on poverty in Africa has been as difficult as predicting the path of the pandemic, mainly due to data limitations. The advent of new data sources, including national accounts and phone survey data, provides ...

Abstract	Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on poverty in Africa has been as difficult as predicting the path of the pandemic, mainly due to data limitations. The advent of new data sources, including national accounts and phone survey data, provides an opportunity for a thorough reassessment of the impact of the pandemic and the subsequent expansion of social protection systems on the evolution of poverty in Africa. In this paper, we combine per capita GDP growth from national accounts with data from High-Frequency Phone Surveys for several countries to estimate the net impact of the pandemic on poverty. We find that the pandemic has increased poverty in Africa by 1.5 to 1.7 percentage points in 2020, relatively smaller than early estimates and projections. We also find that countries affected by Fragility, Conflict and Violence experienced the greatest increases in poverty, about 2.1 percentage points in 2020. Furthermore, we assess and synthesize empirical evidence on the role that social protection systems played in mitigating the adverse impact of the COVID-19 crisis in Africa. We review social protection responses in various African countries, mainly focusing on the impact of these programs and effectiveness of targeting systems. Although the evidence base on the protective role of social protection programs during the pandemic remains scarce, we highlight important findings on the impacts of these programs while also uncovering some vulnerabilities in social protection programming in Africa. We finally draw important lessons related to the delivery, targeting and impact of various social protection programs launched in Africa in response to the pandemic. PR IFPRI3; ISI Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategies;
Keywords	AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; CENTRAL AFRICA ; EAST AFRICA ; NORTH AFRICA ; SOUTHERN AFRICA ; WEST AFRICA ; conflicts ; Coronavirus ; coronavirus disease ; Coronavirinae ; COVID-19 ; data ; fragility ; poverty ; social protection ; surveys ; violence ; C53 Forecasting Models ; Simulation Methods ; D63 Equity ; Justice ; Inequality ; and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement ; I15 Health and Economic Development ; I32 Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Spatial market integration during a pandemic

Amare, Mulubrhan / Abay, Kibrom A. / Hatzenbuehler, Patrick L. / Abay, Kibrom

Evidence from food markets in Nigeria

2023

Abstract: This paper uses comprehensive and long time series monthly food price data and a panel dyadic regression framework to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated policy responses on spatial market integration across a diverse set of food ... ...

Abstract	This paper uses comprehensive and long time series monthly food price data and a panel dyadic regression framework to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated policy responses on spatial market integration across a diverse set of food items in Nigeria. The empirical results reveal several important insights. First, we show that a significant slowdown in the speed of adjustment and price transmission occurred during the pandemic. For some food items, the speed of adjustment and, by implication, spatial market integration weakened by two- to-threefold after the pandemic outbreak. The effect was especially pronounced for perishable food items. Second, lockdown measures and the spread of the pandemic triggered additional dispersion in market prices across markets. For example, lockdown measures were associated with a 5–10 percent reduction in the speed of readjustment toward long-term equilibrium. Third, additional underlying attributes of markets, including lack of access to digital infrastructure and distance between markets, exacerbated impacts associated with the pandemic. For instance, access to Internet service reduced the slowdown in the speed of adjustment caused by the pandemic, but longer distances between market pairs induced greater slowdown in the speed of price transmission. Our findings offer important insights for revitalizing the efficiency of food markets affected by the pandemic. The heterogenous impacts of the pandemic across value chains and markets reinforce the need to properly target post-pandemic recovery interventions and investments. Finally, we offer some insights to reduce the vulnerability of food and market systems to disruptions in future pandemics or similar phenomena that inhibit food marketing and trade. Non-PR IFPRI1; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; Feed the Future Nigeria Agricultural Policy Project; Feed the Future Initiative Development Strategies ...
Keywords	NIGERIA ; WEST AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; AFRICA ; food prices ; Coronavirus ; coronavirus disease ; Coronavirinae ; COVID-19 ; markets ; infrastructure ; digital technology ; spatial market integration ; panel dyadic regression ; price transmission
Subject code	330
Language	English
Publisher	International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Saving lives through technology

Mensah, Justice Tei / Tafere, Kibrom / Abay, Kibrom A. / Abay, Kibrom

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 9978

Mobile phones and infant mortality

2022

Abstract: Digital technologies can expand access to health services to underserved populations. This paper leverages mobile network expansion and survey data spanning two decades to study the impact of access to mobile phones on infant mortality in Africa. Using ... ...

Abstract	Digital technologies can expand access to health services to underserved populations. This paper leverages mobile network expansion and survey data spanning two decades to study the impact of access to mobile phones on infant mortality in Africa. Using plausibly exogenous variations in lightning intensity and (sub)regional convergence in mobile penetration as instrumental variables for mobile network expansion, the analysis finds that mobile phones significantly reduce infant mortality. A 10 percentage point increase in mobile coverage is associated with a 0.45 percentage point reduction in infant mortality. Improvements in health knowledge and behavior and health care utilization appear to be plausible channels. Non-PR IFPRI5 DSGD
Keywords	AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; CENTRAL AFRICA ; EAST AFRICA ; NORTH AFRICA ; SOUTHERN AFRICA ; WEST AFRICA ; technology ; telephones ; infants ; mortality ; health ; intervention ; digital technology ; mobile equipment ; mobile phones ; I12 Health Production ; I15 Health and Economic Development ; O15 Economic Development: Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration ; O18 Economic Development: Urban ; Rural ; Regional ; and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure ; O33 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Language	English
Publisher	World Bank
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Nutrition-Sensitive Food Distribution Amidst Inflationary Shock

Abay, Kibrom A. / Kurdi, Sikandra

Evidence from a Randomized Intervention in Egypt

2023

Abstract: This project aims to evaluate the impact of Egyptian Food Bank’s General Feeding Program (GFP), which provides monthly food packages to ultra-poor households. The food packages are being redesigned to include more diverse and nutrient dense food items. A ...

Abstract	This project aims to evaluate the impact of Egyptian Food Bank’s General Feeding Program (GFP), which provides monthly food packages to ultra-poor households. The food packages are being redesigned to include more diverse and nutrient dense food items. A complementary awareness campaign is being launched to promote and enhance healthy eating habits and food preparation. This study will evaluate the impact of the newly designed food package, both in absolute terms as well as relative to the old food package, as well as the contribution of the complementary messages on various nutritional outcomes, including food insecurity, nutritional intake and beneficiaries’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP). These insights will help in refining the design of the GFP and other complementary programs and can inform the design of food subsidy programs in Egypt and beyond. The evaluation is particularly designed to answer the following broad research questions: (a) Whether the new food basket decreases food insecurity compared to the previous (old) basket and compared to no basket (b) Whether the new food basket increases household and individual dietary quality compared to the previous basket and compared to no basket (c) Whether receiving nutritional messaging with and without the new food basket increases nutritional knowledge and dietary quality? (d) Which households are most likely to benefit more from the GFP and associated complementary interventions? (e) How much does selection of beneficiaries by community-based organizations differ from selection by Proxy Means Test (PMT) scores. (f) Whether targeting based on PMT scores could improve the share of beneficiaries most likely to benefit from the program
Keywords	food ; nutrition ; poverty ; behaviour ; food security
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12T20:21:47Z
Publisher	American Economic Association
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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