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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Pathophysiologic basis of acid-base disorders

    Habibzadeh, Farrokh / Habibzadeh, Parham / Yadollahie, Mahboobeh

    2021  

    Author's details Farrokh Habibzadeh, Mahboobeh Yadollahie, Parham Habibzadeh
    Keywords Internal medicine ; Desequilibri àcid-base ; Fisiologia patològica
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Size 1 online resource (157 pages)
    Publisher Springer
    Publishing place Singapore
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    ISBN 981-16-0526-2 ; 981-16-0525-4 ; 978-981-16-0526-0 ; 978-981-16-0525-3
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Data Distribution: Normal or Abnormal?

    Habibzadeh, Farrokh

    Journal of Korean medical science

    2024  Volume 39, Issue 3, Page(s) e35

    Abstract: Determining if the frequency distribution of a given data set follows a normal distribution or not is among the first steps of data analysis. Visual examination of the data, commonly by Q-Q plot, although is acceptable by many scientists, is considered ... ...

    Abstract Determining if the frequency distribution of a given data set follows a normal distribution or not is among the first steps of data analysis. Visual examination of the data, commonly by Q-Q plot, although is acceptable by many scientists, is considered subjective and not acceptable by other researchers. One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with Lilliefors correction (for a sample size ≥ 50) and Shapiro-Wilk test (for a sample size < 50) are common statistical tests for checking the normality of a data set quantitatively. As parametric tests, which assume that the data distribution is normal (Gaussian, bell-shaped), are more robust compared to their non-parametric counterparts, we commonly use transformations (e.g., log-transformation, Box-Cox transformation, etc.) to make the frequency distribution of non-normally distributed data close to a normal distribution. Herein, I wish to reflect on presenting how to practically work with these statistical methods through examining of real data sets.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Data Analysis ; Physicians ; Research Personnel ; Statistics, Nonparametric
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639262-3
    ISSN 1598-6357 ; 1011-8934
    ISSN (online) 1598-6357
    ISSN 1011-8934
    DOI 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e35
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: On the use of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the most appropriate p value significance threshold.

    Habibzadeh, Farrokh

    Journal of translational medicine

    2024  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 16

    Abstract: Background: p value is the most common statistic reported in scientific research articles. Choosing the conventional threshold of 0.05 commonly used for the p value in research articles, is unfounded. Many researchers have tried to provide a reasonable ... ...

    Abstract Background: p value is the most common statistic reported in scientific research articles. Choosing the conventional threshold of 0.05 commonly used for the p value in research articles, is unfounded. Many researchers have tried to provide a reasonable threshold for the p value; some proposed a lower threshold, eg, 0.005. However, none of the proposals has gained universal acceptance. Using the analogy between the diagnostic tests with continuous results and statistical inference tests of hypothesis, I wish to present a method to calculate the most appropriate p value significance threshold using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.
    Results: As with diagnostic tests where the most appropriate cut-off values are different depending on the situation, there is no unique cut-off for the p significance threshold. Unlike the previous proposals, which mostly suggest lowering the threshold to a fixed value (eg, from 0.05 to 0.005), the most appropriate p significance threshold proposed here, in most instances, is much less than the conventional cut-off of 0.05 and varies from study to study and from statistical test to test, even within a single study. The proposed method provides the minimum weighted sum of type I and type II errors.
    Conclusions: Given the perplexity involved in using the frequentist statistics in a correct way (dealing with different p significance thresholds, even in a single study), it seems that the p value is no longer a proper statistic to be used in our research; it should be replaced by alternative methods, eg, Bayesian methods.
    MeSH term(s) ROC Curve ; Bayes Theorem
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2118570-0
    ISSN 1479-5876 ; 1479-5876
    ISSN (online) 1479-5876
    ISSN 1479-5876
    DOI 10.1186/s12967-023-04827-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: On the feasibility of malaria hypothesis.

    Habibzadeh, Farrokh

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5800

    Abstract: In 1954, Allison proposed that hemoglobin S (HbS) gene causes protection against fatal malaria. This would explain the high HbS gene frequency observed in certain regions hyperendemic for malaria, so-called "malaria hypothesis". This in silico study was ... ...

    Abstract In 1954, Allison proposed that hemoglobin S (HbS) gene causes protection against fatal malaria. This would explain the high HbS gene frequency observed in certain regions hyperendemic for malaria, so-called "malaria hypothesis". This in silico study was conducted to examine the feasibility of the hypothesis under more realistic initial conditions, where a mutant gene with heterozygous advantage against malaria (e.g., HbS) was introduced in a group of Neolithic hunter-gatherers who decided to start agriculture nearby water where malaria killed a proportion of population. The tribe population size, number of children born to each woman in each generation, mortality from malaria and sickle cell disease, the protection factor provided by the gene carriers against malaria, the probability of mating between the members of the parent and offspring populations, population growth, and increased fertility in women heterozygous for HbS, were also considered. For effectively confer protection against malaria within the shortest possible period, the mutation needs to be happened in a small population. For a large population, the process would take around 100 generations (~ 2500 years) or more to provide an effective protection. Even then, the probability that the new gene could survive and propagate to future generations is about 35%. Conventional population genetics equations with differential or difference equations, give totally incorrect estimates of the gene frequency in small populations; discrete mathematics should be used, instead. After introduction of the advantageous mutation, the gene frequency increased until a steady state value. This value is far less than the gene frequency reported in certain tribes of Africa. It seems that the malaria hypothesis, per se, could not explain such a high observed gene frequency, unless HbS is associated with lower mortality from other causes too.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Female ; Humans ; Feasibility Studies ; Malaria/genetics ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/genetics ; Gene Frequency
    Chemical Substances Hemoglobin, Sickle
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-56515-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: On the use of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the most appropriate p value significance threshold

    Farrokh Habibzadeh

    Journal of Translational Medicine, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2024  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract Background p value is the most common statistic reported in scientific research articles. Choosing the conventional threshold of 0.05 commonly used for the p value in research articles, is unfounded. Many researchers have tried to provide a ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background p value is the most common statistic reported in scientific research articles. Choosing the conventional threshold of 0.05 commonly used for the p value in research articles, is unfounded. Many researchers have tried to provide a reasonable threshold for the p value; some proposed a lower threshold, eg, 0.005. However, none of the proposals has gained universal acceptance. Using the analogy between the diagnostic tests with continuous results and statistical inference tests of hypothesis, I wish to present a method to calculate the most appropriate p value significance threshold using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results As with diagnostic tests where the most appropriate cut-off values are different depending on the situation, there is no unique cut-off for the p significance threshold. Unlike the previous proposals, which mostly suggest lowering the threshold to a fixed value (eg, from 0.05 to 0.005), the most appropriate p significance threshold proposed here, in most instances, is much less than the conventional cut-off of 0.05 and varies from study to study and from statistical test to test, even within a single study. The proposed method provides the minimum weighted sum of type I and type II errors. Conclusions Given the perplexity involved in using the frequentist statistics in a correct way (dealing with different p significance thresholds, even in a single study), it seems that the p value is no longer a proper statistic to be used in our research; it should be replaced by alternative methods, eg, Bayesian methods.
    Keywords Methods ; Probability ; Data interpretation ; statistical ; Biomedical research ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Employing Unprofessional Editors for Handling Submissions in Scholarly Journals.

    Habibzadeh, Farrokh

    Journal of Korean medical science

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 40, Page(s) e354

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Periodicals as Topic ; Publishing ; Editorial Policies ; Employment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-16
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639262-3
    ISSN 1598-6357 ; 1011-8934
    ISSN (online) 1598-6357
    ISSN 1011-8934
    DOI 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e354
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The Acceptable Text Similarity Level in Manuscripts Submitted to Scientific Journals.

    Habibzadeh, Farrokh

    Journal of Korean medical science

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 31, Page(s) e240

    Abstract: Plagiarism is among commonly identified scientific misconducts in submitted manuscripts. Some journals routinely check the level of text similarity in the submitted manuscripts at the time of submission and reject the submission on the fly if the text ... ...

    Abstract Plagiarism is among commonly identified scientific misconducts in submitted manuscripts. Some journals routinely check the level of text similarity in the submitted manuscripts at the time of submission and reject the submission on the fly if the text similarity score exceeds a set cut-off value (
    MeSH term(s) Periodicals as Topic ; Plagiarism ; Scientific Misconduct
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-07
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639262-3
    ISSN 1598-6357 ; 1011-8934
    ISSN (online) 1598-6357
    ISSN 1011-8934
    DOI 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e240
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Echinococcophobia.

    Habibzadeh, Farrokh / Saidi, Farrokh

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2023  Volume 73, Issue 3, Page(s) 465–466

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-17
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.47391/JPMA.16-23
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.B 845: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: When to Attend a Webinar?

    Habibzadeh, Farrokh

    Acta medica academica

    2023  Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 63–66

    Abstract: Objective: To determine the most appropriate delay to start a webinar.: Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on weekly general staff scientific webinars held by the Institute of Human Virology (IHV), University of Maryland School of ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the most appropriate delay to start a webinar.
    Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on weekly general staff scientific webinars held by the Institute of Human Virology (IHV), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. 35 observations were made at arbitrary chosen times of three consecutive IHV webinars. After standardizing the number of participants, a 4th-degree polynomial fit was applied to the data. A cost function was defined as the sum of the time wasted for those who attended the webinar early and the lost for those who attend with delay. The cost function was minimized to compute the most appropriate delay to start the webinar.
    Results: The model could explain almost 95% of the observed variance in the number of participants. Normally, half of the participants attended the meeting at the webinar set starting time. The cost was a minimum if the webinar was delayed for about 3 minutes.
    Conclusion: It seems that the most appropriate time for starting the IHV general staff meetings is around 3 minutes after the webinar set starting time.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Webcasts as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-16
    Publishing country Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2558604-X
    ISSN 1840-2879 ; 1840-2879
    ISSN (online) 1840-2879
    ISSN 1840-2879
    DOI 10.5644/ama2006-124.404
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Plagiarism: A Bird's Eye View.

    Habibzadeh, Farrokh

    Journal of Korean medical science

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 45, Page(s) e373

    Abstract: Plagiarism is among the prevalent misconducts reported in scientific writing and common causes of article retraction in scholarly journals. Plagiarism of idea is not acceptable by any means. However, plagiarism of text is a matter of debate from culture ... ...

    Abstract Plagiarism is among the prevalent misconducts reported in scientific writing and common causes of article retraction in scholarly journals. Plagiarism of idea is not acceptable by any means. However, plagiarism of text is a matter of debate from culture to culture. Herein, I wish to reflect on a bird's eye view of plagiarism, particularly plagiarism of text, in scientific writing. Text similarity score as a signal of text plagiarism is not an appropriate index and an expert should examine the similarity with enough scrutiny. Text recycling in certain instances might be acceptable in scientific writing provided that the authors could correctly construe the text piece they borrowed. With introduction of artificial intelligence-based units, which help authors to write their manuscripts, the incidence of text plagiarism might increase. However, after a while, when a universal artificial unit takes over, no one will need to worry about text plagiarism as the incentive to commit plagiarism will be abolished, I believe.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Plagiarism ; Publishing ; Artificial Intelligence ; Writing ; Scientific Misconduct
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-20
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639262-3
    ISSN 1598-6357 ; 1011-8934
    ISSN (online) 1598-6357
    ISSN 1011-8934
    DOI 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e373
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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