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Article ; Online: Approaching sustainability in Laboratory Medicine.

Thakur, Anjali / Mukhopadhyay, Tapasyapreeti / Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Clinical laboratories and the total testing process are major consumers of energy, water, and hazardous chemicals, and produce significant amounts of biomedical waste. Since the processes in the clinical laboratory and the total testing ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Clinical laboratories and the total testing process are major consumers of energy, water, and hazardous chemicals, and produce significant amounts of biomedical waste. Since the processes in the clinical laboratory and the total testing process go hand in hand it mandates a holistic, and comprehensive approach towards sustainability. Content: This review article identifies the various sources and activities in Laboratory Medicine that challenge sustainability and also discusses the various approaches that can be implemented to achieve sustainability in laboratory operations to reduce the negative impact on the environment. Summary: The article highlights how the integration of technological advancements, efficient resource management, staff training and sensitization, protocol development towards sustainability, and other environmental considerations contributes significantly to a sustainable healthcare ecosystem. Outlook: Variables and resources that negatively impact the environment must be identified and addressed comprehensively to attain a long-lasting level of carbon neutrality.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1418007-8
ISSN	1437-4331 ; 1434-6621 ; 1437-8523
ISSN (online)	1437-4331
ISSN	1434-6621 ; 1437-8523
DOI	10.1515/cclm-2023-0973
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Article ; Online: Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: a review of existing literature.

Kaur, Lovedeep / Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar

Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation

2022 Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 73–77

Abstract: On November 24th, 2021 a case of a new viral variant of SARS-CoV-2 was reported by South Africa and Botswana to WHO, which later was designated as the variant of concern on 26th November 2021. It has around 60 mutations (50 non synonymous, 8 synonymous, ... ...

Abstract	On November 24th, 2021 a case of a new viral variant of SARS-CoV-2 was reported by South Africa and Botswana to WHO, which later was designated as the variant of concern on 26th November 2021. It has around 60 mutations (50 non synonymous, 8 synonymous, and 2 non coding) as compared to the original parent strain of Wuhan. Different hypotheses have been put forward as an explanation for the origin like reverse zoonosis i.e. animal to human transmission, origin from an immune compromised patient or use of highly mutagenic drug like molnupiravir as treatment. A huge spike in cases around the globe is suggestive of a high rate of infectivity and transmissivity as compared to the previous known variants. With whatever cases have been documented so far, it is said that omicron causes mostly mild clinical illnesses and there is a less chance of hospitalization according to the clinicians. Among the reported cases, there were already vaccinated patients also. So there is a possibility that omicron might be able to evade the vaccine induced immunity due to a huge number of mutations (especially in the spike protein sequences). Until new vaccines specific to the pathogen are being developed, the coverage of the currently acceptable vaccines should be increased so that none is deprived of the mandatory doses and a third booster dose might help to reduce the chances of serious complications of this new strain beforehand. So an equal focus on the host and environment is required along with the pathogen.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; Hospitalization ; Mutation ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2536635-X
ISSN	1868-1891 ; 1868-1883
ISSN (online)	1868-1891
ISSN	1868-1883
DOI	10.1515/hmbci-2022-0023
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 pandemic: transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in animals, a risk for human beings.

Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar / Kaim, Kirti / Ahirwar, Pradeep / Prasad, Jitender

Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation

2022 Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 379–380

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2536635-X
ISSN	1868-1891 ; 1868-1883
ISSN (online)	1868-1891
ISSN	1868-1883
DOI	10.1515/hmbci-2021-0109
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Article ; Online: Continuing medical education in Covid-19 pandemic.

Saoji, Manali Bharat / Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar / Kaim, Kirti / Ahirwar, Pradeep

Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation

2022 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 249–250

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Education, Medical, Continuing ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-14
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2536635-X
ISSN	1868-1891 ; 1868-1883
ISSN (online)	1868-1891
ISSN	1868-1883
DOI	10.1515/hmbci-2021-0102
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Article: Promises of Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Recalcitrant Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Recent Scenario and Future Possibilities.

Tiwari, Aniket / Kumari, Beauty / Nandagopal, Srividhya / Mishra, Amit / Shukla, Kamla Kant / Kumar, Ashok / Dutt, Naveen / Ahirwar, Dinesh Kumar

Cancers

2024 Volume 16, Issue 5

Abstract: SCLC is refractory to conventional therapies; targeted therapies and immunological checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) molecules have prolonged survival only marginally. In addition, ICIs help only a subgroup of SCLC patients. Different types of kinases play ... ...

Abstract	SCLC is refractory to conventional therapies; targeted therapies and immunological checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) molecules have prolonged survival only marginally. In addition, ICIs help only a subgroup of SCLC patients. Different types of kinases play pivotal roles in therapeutics-driven cellular functions. Therefore, there is a significant need to understand the roles of kinases in regulating therapeutic responses, acknowledge the existing knowledge gaps, and discuss future directions for improved therapeutics for recalcitrant SCLC. Here, we extensively review the effect of dysregulated kinases in SCLC. We further discuss the pharmacological inhibitors of kinases used in targeted therapies for recalcitrant SCLC. We also describe the role of kinases in the ICI-mediated activation of antitumor immune responses. Finally, we summarize the clinical trials evaluating the potential of kinase inhibitors and ICIs. This review overviews dysregulated kinases in SCLC and summarizes their potential as targeted therapeutic agents. We also discuss their clinical efficacy in enhancing anticancer responses mediated by ICIs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers16050963
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Article ; Online: The second wave of COVID-19: effect on Indian health care system.

Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar / Kaim, Kirti / Ahirwar, Pradeep / Jha, Puja Kumari

Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation

2021 Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 343–344

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/economics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; Civil Defense ; Delivery of Health Care/economics ; Emergency Medical Services/supply & distribution ; Financial Stress ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Hospitals/supply & distribution ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Pandemics/economics ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2536635-X
ISSN	1868-1891 ; 1868-1883
ISSN (online)	1868-1891
ISSN	1868-1883
DOI	10.1515/hmbci-2021-0040
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Article ; Online: Biological reference interval of nitric oxide in health and disease.

Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar / Singh, Archana / Bhattacharjee, Jayashree

Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation

2022 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 315–321

Abstract: Objectives: There is a need to develop reference interval of NO in health and disease.: Methods: Subjects aged between 25 and 55 years were drawn from a random sample of the north Indian population, based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: There is a need to develop reference interval of NO in health and disease. Methods: Subjects aged between 25 and 55 years were drawn from a random sample of the north Indian population, based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Measurement of NO was done based on principle of greiss reaction. Results: Reference interval of NO in healthy individual of age group 25-55 years was 21 ± 13.3 μM/L (n=350), Premenopausal women of age group 25-35 years was 12.7 ± 4.9 μM/L (n=180), Postmenopausal women of age group 40-55 years was 10.3 ± 3.84 μM/L (n=100) and healthy pregnant females of age group 25-35 years was 70.9 ± 15.95 μM/L (n=330). In pathological state group, reference interval of NO in metabolic syndrome cases of age group 25-55 years was 19.4 ± 15.3 μM/L (n=100), coronary artery disease patient of age group more than 35 years was 17.6 ± 10.8 μM/L (n=160), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) of age group 25-30 years was 45.7 ± 7.2 μM/L (n=330), pre-eclampsia patient of age group 25-35 years was 39.8 ± 14.7 μM/L (n=200) and diabetic individuals of age group of more than 30 years was 15.5 ± 1.4 μM/L (n=50). Conclusions: The reference intervals presented may be used for various research purposes. Based upon our study, reference interval for NO levels of various disease states like MetS, CAD, diabetes, PIH showed lower levels of NO compared to their respective healthy group due to shared etiopathologies with decreased NO levels.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values
Chemical Substances	Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-14
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2536635-X
ISSN	1868-1891 ; 1868-1883
ISSN (online)	1868-1891
ISSN	1868-1883
DOI	10.1515/hmbci-2021-0066
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Article ; Online: Kerala model for combating COVID-19 pandemic.

Kaim, Kirti / Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar / Ahirwar, Pradeep / Sakarde, Apurva

Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation

2021 Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; Community Networks/organization & administration ; Community Networks/standards ; Delivery of Health Care/methods ; Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Food Assistance/organization & administration ; Food Assistance/standards ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Infection Control/methods ; Infection Control/organization & administration ; Models, Organizational ; Pandemics ; Psychosocial Support Systems ; Public Health Administration/methods ; Public Health Administration/standards ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Transients and Migrants
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2536635-X
ISSN	1868-1891 ; 1868-1883
ISSN (online)	1868-1891
ISSN	1868-1883
DOI	10.1515/hmbci-2021-0004
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Article ; Online: Correlation analysis of HbA1c versus random, fasting, and postprandial glucose levels as predictors of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients

Shiba Ansari / Jayeeta Bhadra / Ashok Kumar Ahirwar / Jasmeen Gupta

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 4, Pp 37-

2023 Volume 43

Abstract: Background: Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used for assessing glycemic control over the past 8–12 weeks. This is critical for determining the efficacy of diabetes treatment and predicting the progression of microvascular complications. However, in health- ...

Abstract	Background: Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used for assessing glycemic control over the past 8–12 weeks. This is critical for determining the efficacy of diabetes treatment and predicting the progression of microvascular complications. However, in health-care situations where tests for HbA1c are either unavailable or unfeasible for any reason, clinicians rely only on plasma glucose values for assessing the glycemic control of the patient. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between HbA1c and fasting, postprandial, and random plasma glucose levels. Materials and Methods: Routine blood samples obtained from the laboratory to measure HbA1c and plasma glucose (fasting/postprandial/random) were used for study. A total of 207 samples were used to investigate the relationship between HbA1c and fasting and postprandial glucose (PPG/PP). The correlation of HbA1c with random glucose values was investigated using 112 samples. HbA1c was estimated by immunoturbidimetry and glucose was estimated by hexokinase method. Pearson’s correlation analysis was done by SPSS version 20 software. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) with regard to PPG/PP and HbA1c was 0.75 (P=0.01, 95% CI), fasting glucose and HbA1c was 0.73 (P=0.01, 95% CI), and random glucose and HbA1c was 0.59 (P=0.01, 95% CI). Conclusion: PPG/PP correlates with HbA1c better than fasting or random glucose. When it is impossible to perform HbA1c measurements, PPG measurements should be used instead.
Keywords	diabetes ; fasting glucose ; hemoglobin ; postprandial glucose ; random glucose ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	670
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Heavy metal association with chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in central India-results from a case-control study.

Atlani, Mahendra / Kumar, Ashok / Ahirwar, Rajesh / Meenu, M N / Goel, Sudhir K / Kumari, Ravita / Anirudhan, Athira / Vallamshetla, Saikrishna / Reddy, G Sai Tharun

BMC nephrology

2024 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 120

Abstract: Background: Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown cause (CKDu) a disease of exclusion, and remains unexplained in various parts of the world, including India. Previous studies have reported mixed findings about the role of heavy metals or agrochemicals in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown cause (CKDu) a disease of exclusion, and remains unexplained in various parts of the world, including India. Previous studies have reported mixed findings about the role of heavy metals or agrochemicals in CKDu. These studies compared CKDu with healthy controls but lacked subjects with CKD as controls. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis whether heavy metals, i.e. Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Chromium (Cr) are associated with CKDu, in central India. Methods: The study was conducted in a case-control manner at a tertiary care hospital. CKDu cases (n = 60) were compared with CKD (n = 62) and healthy subjects (n = 54). Blood and urine levels of As, Cd, Pb, and Cr were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometry. Pesticide use, painkillers, smoking, and alcohol addiction were also evaluated. The median blood and urine metal levels were compared among the groups by the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Results: CKDu had significantly higher pesticide and surface water usage as a source of drinking water. Blood As levels (median, IQR) were significantly higher in CKDu 91.97 (1.3-132.7) µg/L compared to CKD 4.5 (0.0-58.8) µg/L and healthy subjects 39.01 (4.8-67.4) µg/L (p < 0.001) On multinominal regression age and sex adjusted blood As was independently associated with CKDu[ OR 1.013 (95%CI 1.003-1.024) P < .05].Blood and urinary Cd, Pb, and Cr were higher in CKD compared to CKDu (p > .05). Urinary Cd, Pb and Cr were undetectable in healthy subjects and were significantly higher in CKDu and CKD compared to healthy subjects (P = < 0.001). There was a significant correlation of Cd, Pb and Cr in blood and urine with each other in CKDu and CKD subjects as compared to healthy subjects. Surface water use also associated with CKDu [OR 3.178 (95%CI 1.029-9.818) p < .05). Conclusion: The study showed an independent association of age and sex adjusted blood As with CKDu in this Indian cohort. Subjects with renal dysfunction (CKDu and CKD) were found to have significantly higher metal burden of Pb, Cd, As, and Cr as compared to healthy controls. CKDu subjects had significantly higher pesticide and surface water usage, which may be the source of differential As exposure in these subjects.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cadmium/analysis ; Case-Control Studies ; Lead ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Metals, Heavy ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology ; Arsenic/analysis ; Chromium ; Drinking Water ; Pesticides
Chemical Substances	Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Lead (2P299V784P) ; Metals, Heavy ; Arsenic (N712M78A8G) ; Chromium (0R0008Q3JB) ; Drinking Water ; Pesticides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041348-8
ISSN	1471-2369 ; 1471-2369
ISSN (online)	1471-2369
ISSN	1471-2369
DOI	10.1186/s12882-024-03564-4
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