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  1. Article ; Online: Call for Action: Racial Disparities in Clinical Research.

    Pandita, Aakriti / Gil, Raul Macias / Farmakiotis, Dimitrios

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2020  Volume 73, Issue 2, Page(s) 356–357

    MeSH term(s) Continental Population Groups ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciaa1349
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  2. Article ; Online: Spectrum of Diversity in Today's Infectious Diseases Workforce: It's Much Broader and Brighter Than You Think.

    Macias Gil, Raul / Hardy, W David

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2019  Volume 220, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) S42–S49

    Abstract: The spectrum of inclusion, diversity, access, and equity among the Infectious Diseases (ID) workforce is ever-growing, ever-evolving, and continuously benefiting from the contributions made by the unique differences among our workforce which make us ... ...

    Abstract The spectrum of inclusion, diversity, access, and equity among the Infectious Diseases (ID) workforce is ever-growing, ever-evolving, and continuously benefiting from the contributions made by the unique differences among our workforce which make us stronger, smarter, and better prepared to respond to whatever emerging ID challenge we will encounter next.
    MeSH term(s) Communicable Diseases ; Cultural Diversity ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Societies, Medical ; United States ; Workforce
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiz242
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  3. Article ; Online: To Treat or Not to Treat: UTI or Bacteriuria?

    Macias-Gil, Raul / O'Neill, Emily / Gaitanis, Melissa M

    Rhode Island medical journal (2013)

    2020  Volume 103, Issue 2, Page(s) 31–35

    MeSH term(s) Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antimicrobial Stewardship ; Bacteriuria/diagnosis ; Bacteriuria/drug therapy ; Bacteriuria/prevention & control ; Disease Management ; Humans ; Male ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 419430-5
    ISSN 2327-2228 ; 0363-7913
    ISSN (online) 2327-2228
    ISSN 0363-7913
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  4. Article ; Online: Characteristics and outcomes of Hispanic/Latinx patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) requiring hospitalization in Rhode Island: a retrospective cohort study.

    Macias Gil, Raul / Touzard-Romo, Francine / Sanchez, Martha C / Pandita, Aakriti / Kalligeros, Markos / Mylona, Evangelia K / Shehadeh, Fadi / Mylonakis, Eleftherios

    Annals of epidemiology

    2021  Volume 58, Page(s) 64–68

    Abstract: Objective: Explore potential racial/ethnic differences, describe general clinical characteristic, and severe outcomes (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, mechanical ventilation [intubation], and death) between Hispanic/Latinx (hereafter: Hispanics or ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Explore potential racial/ethnic differences, describe general clinical characteristic, and severe outcomes (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, mechanical ventilation [intubation], and death) between Hispanic/Latinx (hereafter: Hispanics or Latinx community) and non-Hispanic patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
    Methods: Retrospective cohort of 326 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through April 19, 2020. Sociodemographic and hospital course data were collected and analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine associations.
    Results: Compared with non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), Hispanics were younger (53 years, median age) and had higher rates of Medicaid and less commercial/HMO/PPO coverage (P < .001). Similarly, in the age sub-grouped multivariate analysis for outcomes, Hispanics ≥65-year-old were 2.66 times more likely to be admitted to ICU (95% CI: 1.07-6.61; P = .03), and 3.67 times more likely to get intubated (95% CI: 1.29-10.36; P = .01).
    Conclusions: Hospitalized Hispanic patients of ≥65-year-old with COVID-19 were more likely to have higher risk of more severe outcomes (ICU admission and intubation) compared with NHW. Hispanic patient's social determinants of health and underlying medical conditions may explain the heightened risk for severe outcomes. Further studies are necessary to more accurately identify and address health disparities in Hispanics and other vulnerable populations amidst COVID-19 and future pandemics.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; COVID-19 ; Cohort Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhode Island ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1074355-8
    ISSN 1873-2585 ; 1047-2797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2585
    ISSN 1047-2797
    DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.03.003
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  5. Article ; Online: Corrigendum to: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) Communities and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Call to Break the Cycle of Structural Barriers.

    Gil, Raul Macias / Freeman, Tracey L / Mathew, Trini / Kullar, Ravina / Fekete, Thomas / Ovalle, Anais / Nguyen, Don / Kottkamp, Angélica / Poon, Jin / Marcelin, Jasmine R / Swartz, Talia H

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 224, Issue 11, Page(s) 1990–1992

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiab408
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  6. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Pandemic: Disparate Health Impact on the Hispanic/Latinx Population in the United States.

    Macias Gil, Raul / Marcelin, Jasmine R / Zuniga-Blanco, Brenda / Marquez, Carina / Mathew, Trini / Piggott, Damani A

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 222, Issue 10, Page(s) 1592–1595

    Abstract: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 we now refer to as COVID-19. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 12 March 2020. In the United States, the ... ...

    Abstract In December 2019, a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 we now refer to as COVID-19. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 12 March 2020. In the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed preexisting social and health disparities among several historically vulnerable populations, with stark differences in the proportion of minority individuals diagnosed with and dying from COVID-19. In this article we will describe the emerging disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on the Hispanic/Latinx (henceforth: Hispanic or Latinx) community in the United States, discuss potential antecedents, and consider strategies to address the disparate impact of COVID-19 on this population.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Comorbidity ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/ethnology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities/ethnology ; Hispanic Americans ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/ethnology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States/epidemiology ; United States/ethnology ; Vulnerable Populations
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiaa474
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  7. Article ; Online: Racial Disparity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in African American Communities.

    Kullar, Ravina / Marcelin, Jasmine R / Swartz, Talia H / Piggott, Damani A / Macias Gil, Raul / Mathew, Trini A / Tan, Tina

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 222, Issue 6, Page(s) 890–893

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled unsettling disparities in the outcome of the disease among African Americans. These disparities are not new but are rooted in structural inequities that must be addressed to adequately care ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled unsettling disparities in the outcome of the disease among African Americans. These disparities are not new but are rooted in structural inequities that must be addressed to adequately care for communities of color. We describe the historical context of these structural inequities, their impact on the progression of COVID-19 in the African American (black) community, and suggest a multifaceted approach to addressing these healthcare disparities. (Of note, terminology from survey data cited for this article varied from blacks, African Americans, or both; for consistency, we use African Americans throughout.).
    MeSH term(s) African Americans ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/ethnology ; Health Services Accessibility ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities/ethnology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/ethnology ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Determinants of Health/ethnology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiaa372
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  8. Article ; Online: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) Communities and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Call to Break the Cycle of Structural Barriers.

    Gil, Raul Macias / Freeman, Tracey L / Mathew, Trini / Kullar, Ravina / Fekete, Thomas / Ovalle, Anais / Nguyen, Don / Kottkamp, Angélica / Poon, Jin / Marcelin, Jasmine R / Swartz, Talia H

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 224, Issue 11, Page(s) 1810–1820

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) communities. Many disparities mirror those of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS epidemic. These health ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) communities. Many disparities mirror those of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS epidemic. These health inequities have repeated throughout history due to the structural oppression of LGBTQ+ people. We aim to demonstrate that the familiar patterns of LGBTQ+ health disparities reflect a perpetuating, deeply rooted cycle of injustice imposed on LGBTQ+ people. Here, we contextualize COVID-19 inequities through the history of the HIV/AIDS crisis, describe manifestations of LGBTQ+ structural oppression exacerbated by the pandemic, and provide recommendations for medical professionals and institutions seeking to reduce health inequities.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections/history ; Health Inequities ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Transgender Persons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiab392
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  9. Article: Racial Disparity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in African American Communities

    Kullar, Ravina / Marcelin, Jasmine R / Swartz, Talia H / Piggott, Damani A / Macias Gil, Raul / Mathew, Trini A / Tan, Tina

    J Infect Dis

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled unsettling disparities in the outcome of the disease among African Americans. These disparities are not new but are rooted in structural inequities that must be addressed to adequately care ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled unsettling disparities in the outcome of the disease among African Americans. These disparities are not new but are rooted in structural inequities that must be addressed to adequately care for communities of color. We describe the historical context of these structural inequities, their impact on the progression of COVID-19 in the African American (black) community, and suggest a multifaceted approach to addressing these healthcare disparities. (Of note, terminology from survey data cited for this article varied from blacks, African Americans, or both; for consistency, we use African Americans throughout.).
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #619846
    Database COVID19

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  10. Article: COVID-19 Pandemic: Disparate Health Impact on the Hispanic/Latinx Population in the United States

    Macias Gil, Raul / Marcelin, Jasmine R / Zuniga-Blanco, Brenda / Marquez, Carina / Mathew, Trini / Piggott, Damani A

    J Infect Dis

    Abstract: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 we now refer to as COVID-19. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 12 March 2020. In the United States, the ... ...

    Abstract In December 2019, a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 we now refer to as COVID-19. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 12 March 2020. In the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed preexisting social and health disparities among several historically vulnerable populations, with stark differences in the proportion of minority individuals diagnosed with and dying from COVID-19. In this article we will describe the emerging disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on the Hispanic/Latinx (henceforth: Hispanic or Latinx) community in the United States, discuss potential antecedents, and consider strategies to address the disparate impact of COVID-19 on this population.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #690794
    Database COVID19

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