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Article ; Online: Caring for Internally Displaced Older Adult Israelis during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.

Maytles, Ruth / Shrira, Amit

The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

2024 Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) 642–643

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Israel ; Warfare ; Refugees
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1278145-9
ISSN	1545-7214 ; 1064-7481
ISSN (online)	1545-7214
ISSN	1064-7481
DOI	10.1016/j.jagp.2024.01.224
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Article ; Online: Age differences in acute stress and PTSD symptoms during the 2023 Israel-Hamas war: Preliminary findings.

Shrira, Amit / Palgi, Yuval

Journal of psychiatric research

2024 Volume 173, Page(s) 111–114

Abstract: Traumatic exposure can result in acute stress symptoms in the immediate aftermath and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms that persist beyond the initial weeks. Both short-term and long-term reactions require research and clinical attention. ... ...

Abstract	Traumatic exposure can result in acute stress symptoms in the immediate aftermath and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms that persist beyond the initial weeks. Both short-term and long-term reactions require research and clinical attention. There is considerable evidence for age differences in PTSD, and older adults frequently present lower rates of PTSD compared to young adults. Much less is known concerning age differences in acute reaction or the extent to which age differences in PTSD are affected by age differences in acute stress. The current study examined acute stress and PTSD symptoms among young and older adult Israelis during the 2023 Israel-Hamas war. A web-based sample of 428 participants (mean age = 48.36 ± 16.29) completed retrospective accounts of pre-war psychological distress and acute stress in the first week of the war and further reported current PTSD symptoms. Rates of elevated levels of acute stress symptoms and probable PTSD were significantly higher among young adults (24.8% and 42.8%, respectively) compared to their older counterparts (3.7% and 13.7%, respectively). Age differences in probable PTSD remained significant even after controlling for other demographics, traumatic exposure, pre-war psychological distress, and acute stress symptoms. These preliminary findings further attest to the impressive resilience manifested by older adults during wartime. Moreover, as age differences in probable PTSD were not fully explained by acute reactions, unique mechanisms may be mobilized by older adults to cope with warfare trauma in the short- and long term.
MeSH term(s)	Young Adult ; Humans ; Aged ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Israel/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Warfare ; Resilience, Psychological
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.003
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Article: [AGING IN THE SHADOW OF INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF TRAUMA: THE CASE OF OFFSPRING OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS].

Shrira, Amit

Harefuah

2020 Volume 159, Issue 4, Page(s) 282–286

Abstract: Introduction: Can trauma experienced by previous generations shape the aging process of subsequent generations? This fascinating question is relevant to hundreds of thousands of second generation Holocaust survivors, many of whom are middle-aged or ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Can trauma experienced by previous generations shape the aging process of subsequent generations? This fascinating question is relevant to hundreds of thousands of second generation Holocaust survivors, many of whom are middle-aged or older. Therefore, we need to understand in which cases we can find signs of intergenerational transmission, via which mechanisms, under which conditions, and which aspects of functioning and wellbeing are affected. This paper reviews relevant findings from national studies and studies with parent-offspring dyads. From this review, one can conclude that parental exposure to the Holocaust per se is not associated with less favorable aging among offspring, as most Holocaust survivor families are characterized by an impressive resilience extending across generations. Nevertheless, in some cases, second generation Holocaust survivors report increased physical morbidity, perceive aging less favorably, and experience increased filial anxiety. Accumulated evidence points to a series of moderating and mediating variables for these effects. Thus, increased morbidity and difficulties vis-à-vis age-related challenges in offspring are associated with increased parental posttraumatic distress and an intrusive Holocaust-related communication pattern. Several mechanisms link between parental behaviors and offspring aging, amongst them are secondary traumatization symptoms, unhealthy behaviors and avoidance of health-promoting behaviors, and epigenetic modification regulating genes related to the physiological stress response and to other bodily systems. Future studies are needed in order to better understand intergenerational effects among middle-aged and older adult offspring. Additional work will help guide future, interdisciplinary theoretical models and therapeutic interventions aimed at advancing successful aging among adult offspring of Holocaust survivors.
MeSH term(s)	Adult Children ; Aged ; Holocaust ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Parents ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Survivors
Language	Hebrew
Publishing date	2020-04-19
Publishing country	Israel
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	953872-0
ISSN	0017-7768
ISSN	0017-7768
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Article ; Online: Parental Holocaust Exposure, Related PTSD Symptoms and Subjective Aging Across the Generations.

Shrira, Amit

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences

2019 Volume 75, Issue 1, Page(s) 30–41

Abstract: Objectives: Traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are related to less favorable perceptions of aging. The current study examined parental PTSD and perceptions of aging among old Holocaust survivor (HS) parents and their middle-aged ...

Abstract	Objectives: Traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are related to less favorable perceptions of aging. The current study examined parental PTSD and perceptions of aging among old Holocaust survivor (HS) parents and their middle-aged offspring. Method: Parents (mean age = 81.79) and their offspring (mean age = 55.41) reported PTSD symptoms, attitudes toward aging and subjective age. Offspring also rated how they perceive both their parents' aging and subjective age. Dyads were divided into three groups: HS with probable PTSD (n = 21 dyads), HS without probable PTSD (n = 65 dyads), and comparison parents without probable PTSD (n = 57 dyads). Results: Relative to parents and offspring from other groups, HS parents with probable PTSD and their offspring had both less favorable attitudes toward their own aging as well as reporting feeling older. Offspring of posttraumatic HS also held less favorable attitudes toward parents' aging and perceived their own parents as being older. Serial mediation models showed that the effect of parental PTSD on offspring's subjective aging was serially mediated by parental subjective aging and offspring's perception of parents' aging. Discussion: The study provides the first evidence that posttraumatic distress is related to less favorable perceptions of aging across generations in HS families. Possible mechanisms for such intergenerational effect and the implication for interventions are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Adult Children ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/psychology ; Attitude ; Exposure to Violence ; Female ; Historical Trauma ; Holocaust ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychological Trauma/physiopathology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/physiopathology ; Survivors
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1223664-0
ISSN	1758-5368 ; 1079-5014
ISSN (online)	1758-5368
ISSN	1079-5014
DOI	10.1093/geronb/gbz012
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Article ; Online: Parental PTSD, health behaviors and successful aging among offspring of Holocaust survivors.

Shrira, Amit

Psychiatry research

2018 Volume 271, Page(s) 265–271

Abstract: Unhealthy behaviors and physical morbidity are more common among trauma survivors, especially those who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study looked at the underexplored relationships between parental PTSD, unhealthy behaviors and ... ...

Abstract	Unhealthy behaviors and physical morbidity are more common among trauma survivors, especially those who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study looked at the underexplored relationships between parental PTSD, unhealthy behaviors and aging of trauma survivors' offspring. Dyads of parents (mean age = 82.42) and offspring (mean age = 55.48) reported PTSD symptoms, health behaviors and completed indices of successful aging. Dyads were divided into three groups: Holocaust survivors (HS) with probable PTSD (n = 28 dyads), HS without PTSD (n = 86 dyads) and comparison parents without PTSD (n = 73 dyads). Relative to the other groups, HS parents with probable PTSD and their offspring reported more unhealthy behaviors. Serial mediation models showed that the effect of parental PTSD on offspring successful aging was mediated by both parental and offspring unhealthy behaviors. Findings remained significant after controlling for background characteristics and offspring PTSD. This study provides preliminary evidence that PTSD is related to unhealthy behaviors across generations in HS families. Possible mechanisms for such intergenerational effect and its clinical implication are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/psychology ; Child of Impaired Parents/psychology ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Holocaust/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Survivors/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-26
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.060
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Zs.A 1541: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Financial exploitation and mental health among Holocaust survivors: the moderating role of posttraumatic symptoms.

Weissberger, Gali H / Bensimon, Moshe / Shrira, Amit

International psychogeriatrics

2023 , Page(s) 1–13

Abstract: Objectives: We examined whether anxiety and depressive symptoms associated with self-reported history of financial exploitation (FE) are more pronounced among Holocaust survivors (HS), especially those with high-level posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ...

Abstract	Objectives: We examined whether anxiety and depressive symptoms associated with self-reported history of financial exploitation (FE) are more pronounced among Holocaust survivors (HS), especially those with high-level posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Design: Self-report questionnaires completed online via Qualtrics. Setting: An online-based survey conducted in Israel. Participants: A community-based cohort of 137 Israeli older adults born prior to 1945 were included in the study sample. HS ( Measurements: Questionnaires assessed FE history, posttraumatic symptoms (PCL-5), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAD-7). Age, education, self-rated health, and non-Holocaust lifetime adversity were also measured and included as covariates. Results: Hierarchical linear regression models revealed that relationships between FE and depressive and anxiety symptoms were significant only among survivors ( Conclusions: Findings suggest that the experience of FE may be particularly impactful among survivors who continue to struggle with posttraumatic symptoms related to the Holocaust. Future studies may consider examining whether findings are relevant to other groups with PTSD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1038825-4
ISSN	1741-203X ; 1041-6102
ISSN (online)	1741-203X
ISSN	1041-6102
DOI	10.1017/S1041610223000625
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Zs.A 2621: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 513: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Parental PTSD and psychological reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic among offspring of Holocaust survivors.

Shrira, Amit / Felsen, Irit

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

2021 Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) 438–445

Abstract: Objective: Previous evidence suggests heightened sensitivity to life-threatening challenges among offspring of Holocaust survivors (OHS). Therefore, this study examined the psychological reactions of aging OHS during the COVID-19 pandemic.: Method: A ...

Abstract	Objective: Previous evidence suggests heightened sensitivity to life-threatening challenges among offspring of Holocaust survivors (OHS). Therefore, this study examined the psychological reactions of aging OHS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A convenience sample (N = 297, mean age = 66.85) of North American Jews rated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms for their parents and for themselves. They further rated their psychological distress, COVID-19-related worries, loneliness, and social support. Respondents were divided into four groups: OHS with two parents with probable PTSD, with one such parent, with no such parent, and comparisons whose parents did not undergo the Holocaust. Results: OHS with two parents with PTSD reported the highest levels of PTSD symptoms. Controlling for respondents' own PTSD, OHS with two parents with PTSD reported higher psychological distress relative to comparisons. Moreover, OHS with parental PTSD reported higher loneliness relative to OHS without parental PTSD or comparisons. The groups did not differ in COVID-19-related worries or social support. Conclusions: The distress experienced by OHS with parental PTSD seems more general, and is possibly related to the multiple coalescing crises that occurred since the pandemic began, rather than to the health risk associated directly with COVID-19. Moreover, while OHS acknowledge having good social support, some of them nevertheless feel lonely. This possibly reflects unique interpersonal difficulties characteristic in Holocaust survivor families. These findings suggest that OHS with parental PTSD (especially when both parents had symptoms) represent a group of older adults who are relatively susceptible to negative psychological effects of the current pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adult Children/psychology ; Aged ; Anxiety/psychology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Female ; Holocaust/psychology ; Humans ; Jews/psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Survivors/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2497028-1
ISSN	1942-969X ; 1942-9681
ISSN (online)	1942-969X
ISSN	1942-9681
DOI	10.1037/tra0001014
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Article ; Online: Trauma-related and risk factors associated with perceived exacerbation in psychological distress due to the Russo-Ukrainian war.

Palgi, Yuval / Greenblatt-Kimron, Lee / Ben-Ezra, Menachem / Shrira, Amit

Psychiatry research

2023 Volume 328, Page(s) 115451

Abstract: This study examined trauma-related and other potential risk factors associated with perceived exacerbation in psychological distress among Israelis due to the Russo-Ukrainian War. Specifically, we assessed how vulnerability factors such as previous ... ...

Abstract	This study examined trauma-related and other potential risk factors associated with perceived exacerbation in psychological distress among Israelis due to the Russo-Ukrainian War. Specifically, we assessed how vulnerability factors such as previous traumatic exposure, having relatives and friends affected by the war, media exposure, having a Holocaust familial background, lower levels of resilience, and probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) are associated with perceived exacerbation in psychological distress. A random sample of 845 Israeli Jews aged 18-75 who reported exposure to at least one traumatic event participated in the study. Univariate logistic regression showed that Holocaust familial background, previous exposure to trauma, media exposure to the Russo-Ukrainian War, and probable diagnosis of PTSD or CPTSD are the main factors associated with perceived exacerbation in psychological distress. These results suggest that various traumatic factors associate with perceived higher psychological vulnerability to international conflicts, even when there is no direct personal threat. Practitioners should be aware of these factors among individuals exposed to trauma.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-29
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115451
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Article ; Online: The Association between Ageist Attitudes, Subjective Age, and Financial Exploitation Vulnerability Among Older Adults.

Weissberger, Gali / Bergman, Yoav S / Shrira, Amit

Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society

2022 Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 1267–1273

Abstract: Ageism, or age-based negative stereotypes, prejudice, and/or discriminatory behaviors toward older adults, has been linked with various detrimental physical and psychological consequences. The current study examined the relevance of ageist attitudes to ... ...

Abstract	Ageism, or age-based negative stereotypes, prejudice, and/or discriminatory behaviors toward older adults, has been linked with various detrimental physical and psychological consequences. The current study examined the relevance of ageist attitudes to financial exploitation vulnerability (FEV) among older adults and investigated whether feeling older than one's chronological age (i.e., older subjective age) moderated the ageist attitudes-FEV association. 230 participants (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Ageism/psychology ; Attitude ; Emotions ; Aging/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	155897-3
ISSN	1552-4523 ; 0733-4648
ISSN (online)	1552-4523
ISSN	0733-4648
DOI	10.1177/07334648221132130
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Article ; Online: Echoes of ancestral trauma: Russo-Ukrainian War salience and psychological distress among subsequent generations in Holocaust survivor families.

Greenblatt-Kimron, Lee / Shrira, Amit / Ben-Ezra, Menachem / Palgi, Yuval

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

2023

Abstract: Objective: The Russo-Ukrainian War intensified when Russian troops invaded Ukraine in February 2022. The current study examined whether children (second generation; G2) and grandchildren (third generation; G3) of Holocaust survivors are more preoccupied ...

Abstract	Objective: The Russo-Ukrainian War intensified when Russian troops invaded Ukraine in February 2022. The current study examined whether children (second generation; G2) and grandchildren (third generation; G3) of Holocaust survivors are more preoccupied with the war relative to comparisons. Moreover, whether there was more exacerbation in psychological distress in Holocaust survivor families relative to comparisons since the escalation of the war. Method: A random sample from a web-based survey company included 1,071 Jewish Israeli adults (297 Holocaust G2, 224 comparison G2, 379 Holocaust G3, and 171 comparison G3). The average age of the participants was 62.95 ± 10.25, 61.79 ± 10.13, 34.02 ± 8.65, and 33.55 ± 8.26, respectively. Participants answered questionnaires on background characteristics, Russo-Ukrainian War exposure, Russo-Ukrainian War salience, and general psychological distress before and since the escalation of the war. Results: Findings showed that Holocaust G2 and G3, relative to comparisons, reported more Russo-Ukrainian War salience. Moreover, more psychological distress symptom exacerbation was found in Holocaust survivor families relative to comparisons since the escalation of the war. Finally, Holocaust G2 and G3 with more Holocaust survivors in the family showed higher anxious preoccupation with the war and Holocaust G3 with more survivor grandparents showed more exacerbation in psychological distress. Conclusions: Findings suggest a specific vulnerability due to intergenerational transmission of trauma in Holocaust survivor families, including increased preoccupation with and perceptiveness to potential threats of human-induced trauma. Strengthening previous recommendations, mental health practitioners should focus on reducing the preoccupation with threat and the increased psychological distress of Holocaust survivor families when faced with current adversity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2497028-1
ISSN	1942-969X ; 1942-9681
ISSN (online)	1942-969X
ISSN	1942-9681
DOI	10.1037/tra0001633
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