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Article: Larval Therapy and Larval Excretions/Secretions: A Potential Treatment for Biofilm in Chronic Wounds? A Systematic Review.

Morris, Daniel / Flores, Micah / Harris, Llinos / Gammon, John / Nigam, Yamni

2023 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: Chronic wounds present a global healthcare challenge and are increasing in prevalence, with bacterial biofilms being the primary roadblock to healing in most cases. A systematic review of the to-date knowledge on larval therapy's interaction with chronic- ...

Abstract	Chronic wounds present a global healthcare challenge and are increasing in prevalence, with bacterial biofilms being the primary roadblock to healing in most cases. A systematic review of the to-date knowledge on larval therapy's interaction with chronic-wound biofilm is presented here. The findings detail how larval therapy-the controlled application of necrophagous blowfly larvae-acts on biofilms produced by chronic-wound-relevant bacteria through their principle pharmacological mode of action: the secretion and excretion of biologically active substances into the wound bed. A total of 12 inclusion-criteria-meeting publications were identified following the application of a PRISMA-guided methodology for a systematic review. The findings of these publications were qualitatively analyzed to provide a summary of the prevailing understanding of larval therapy's effects on bacterial biofilm. A further review assessed the quality of the existing evidence to identify knowledge gaps and suggest ways these may be bridged. In summary, larval therapy has a seemingly unarguable ability to inhibit and degrade bacterial biofilms associated with impaired wound healing. However, further research is needed to clarify and standardize the methodological approach in this area of investigation. Such research may lead to the clinical application of larval therapy or derivative treatments for the management of chronic-wound biofilms and improve patient healing outcomes at a time when alternative therapies are desperately needed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11020457
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: COVID-19 and hand hygiene: the vital importance of hand drying.

Gammon, John / Hunt, Julian

British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)

2020 Volume 29, Issue 17, Page(s) 1003–1006

Abstract: The significance of hand hygiene for preventing the transmission of microorganisms and reducing the spread of infection has been brought into sharp focus following the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the months since the initial outbreak, ... ...

Abstract	The significance of hand hygiene for preventing the transmission of microorganisms and reducing the spread of infection has been brought into sharp focus following the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the months since the initial outbreak, international public health campaigns and practitioner education has concentrated on hand washing and hand sanitising, with very little reference to hand drying, if any at all. However, hand drying is integral to effective hand hygiene, and is important in controlling the spread of microorganisms and maintaining healthy skin integrity. This research commentary will focus on two issues of importance with regards to hand drying: microbial transmission and skin irritation, with implications for healthcare practitioners and practice considered. It is argued that a more holistic approach to hand hygiene must be the ambition if health professional and public behaviour is to become embedded and sustained.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Cross Infection/prevention & control ; Hand/virology ; Hand Hygiene/methods ; Hand Hygiene/standards ; Health Behavior ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Skin Physiological Phenomena
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1119191-0
ISSN	0966-0461
ISSN	0966-0461
DOI	10.12968/bjon.2020.29.17.1003
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Article ; Online: A scoping review on the influential cognitive constructs informing public AMR behavior compliance and the attribution of personal responsibility.

Fletcher-Miles, Hayley / Gammon, John

American journal of infection control

2020 Volume 48, Issue 11, Page(s) 1381–1386

Abstract: Background: Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to public health. Despite various attempts at educating the public on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and judicial antibiotic use, fallacies and misconceptions remain. To successfully promote behavior ...

Abstract	Background: Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to public health. Despite various attempts at educating the public on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and judicial antibiotic use, fallacies and misconceptions remain. To successfully promote behavior change, various cognitive constructs pertaining to antibiotic behavior need to be identified and targeted. Methods: Using the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) methodological framework, a credible reflexive examination of literature was conducted, permitting identification of a breadth of literature that pertained to the influence of cognitive constructs on public antimicrobial behavior. Results: From 393 abstracts identified, 67 full articles were screened, and 43 papers were chosen for review. Three themes were identified (1) sociodemographic influences; (2) knowledge, misconceptions, and fallacies; and (3) public attitudes and the social influence of friends and family. Geographical location, education level, cognitive dissonance, and social norms were found to influence AMR cognition, resulting in disproportionate risk assessments that are facilitated by social information brokering. Conclusions: Public AMR resilience, responsibility, and behavior compliance are influenced by cognitive constructs, which are liable to the appropriation of misconceptions, fallacies, and social behavior models obtained via information brokering. A cohesive multidisciplinary participatory approach to AMR management and interventional design that applies the influence of cognitive constructs to inform public AMR behavior compliance is recommended.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Cognition ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Public Health ; Social Behavior
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2020.01.007
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Zs.A 1773: Show issues

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Article: Impact of an educational intervention on hand hygiene practice among nursing students, with a focus on hand drying efficacy.

Gammon, John / Hunt, Julian / Duffy, Lisa / Humphreys, Ioan / Hinkin, Jon / Watkins, Alan

Journal of infection prevention

2023 Volume 25, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 3–10

Abstract: Background: Hand hygiene and its significance for reducing the spread of infection is well evidenced and has been brought into sharp focus following the COVID-19 pandemic. Although a crucial clinical skill in ensuring safe healthcare, little is known ... ...

Abstract	Background: Hand hygiene and its significance for reducing the spread of infection is well evidenced and has been brought into sharp focus following the COVID-19 pandemic. Although a crucial clinical skill in ensuring safe healthcare, little is known regarding nursing students' effectiveness of hand hygiene practice. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on hand hygiene practice, designed by the research team for first year pre-registration nursing students. Particular emphasis was placed upon hand drying technique and time. Methodology: 825 nursing students were observed and assessed for their hand hygiene practice in a clinical suite at a university setting. Nursing students were observed for compliance against set outcome measures involving hand hygiene preparation, hand and wrist washing technique, hand drying technique and time. Data were analysed quantitatively using SPSS. Results: The educational intervention had a significant impact on the clinical skills learning of nursing students. 779 students passed the assessment at the first attempt (94.4%). Of the 46 students that failed to meet the necessary criteria, 45 satisfied the criteria at the second attempt; giving an overall optimal compliance of 99.9%. 99.6% of students complied with recommended hand drying standards. Conclusion: This study offers an important contribution to the development and delivery of nursing education programmes. The educational intervention improved compliance with recommended hand hygiene technique and practice. Lack of attention to hand drying may negate effective hand hygiene in healthcare.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2595000-9
ISSN	1757-1782 ; 1757-1774
ISSN (online)	1757-1782
ISSN	1757-1774
DOI	10.1177/17571774231224695
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Article ; Online: Climate simulations: recognize the 'hot model' problem.

Hausfather, Zeke / Marvel, Kate / Schmidt, Gavin A / Nielsen-Gammon, John W / Zelinka, Mark

Nature

2022 Volume 605, Issue 7908, Page(s) 26–29

MeSH term(s)	Climate Change ; Climate Models
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/d41586-022-01192-2
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Zs.A 26: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 9: Show issues
Zs.MO 244: Show issues

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Article: Source isolation and patient wellbeing in healthcare settings.

Gammon, John / Hunt, Julian

British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)

2018 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 88–91

Abstract: Multi-resistant bacteria pose an increasing and significant challenge to public health. Isolation precautions in patients with multi-drug-resistant bacteria and other communicable infectious agents can be associated with adverse effects. Although few ... ...

Abstract	Multi-resistant bacteria pose an increasing and significant challenge to public health. Isolation precautions in patients with multi-drug-resistant bacteria and other communicable infectious agents can be associated with adverse effects. Although few would dispute the need for such practices in preventing the spread of transmissible infections, patients' perspectives of isolation suggest that the imposed environment creates barriers to their physical, social and emotional needs. This article reviews the literature to uncover any reliable evidence supporting the assertion that the experience of isolation in healthcare settings impacts adversely on patient wellbeing. Database searches identified 25 relevant papers published between 1990 and 2017. A number of studies claimed to have uncovered an association between negative patient experiences and isolation.
MeSH term(s)	Cross Infection/nursing ; Cross Infection/prevention & control ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Patient Isolation/psychology ; Social Stigma
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1119191-0
ISSN	0966-0461
ISSN	0966-0461
DOI	10.12968/bjon.2018.27.2.88
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Article: A review of isolation practices and procedures in healthcare settings.

Gammon, John / Hunt, Julian

British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)

2018 Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 137–140

Abstract: The notion of 'isolation' in infectious diseases refers to the possibility of people known or suspected to be infected from the wider population, and has historically been used to control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Isolation practices ...

Abstract	The notion of 'isolation' in infectious diseases refers to the possibility of people known or suspected to be infected from the wider population, and has historically been used to control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Isolation practices in healthcare settings evolved over the 20th century resulting in a focus on the disruption of known routes of potential transmission. There was renewed attention to infection prevention and control (IPC) in the UK at the turn of the 20th century after high-profile reports acknowledged the importance of IPC as a key indicator of high-quality clinical care, and the impact of healthcare-acquired infections. There has been a shift away from isolation wards towards isolation in single rooms on general wards. For infections that are spread by the airborne, droplet or contact routes, placing the patient in single-room isolation is considered to be an important component of transmission-based precautions (TBPs). However, in practice isolation is complex and a number of challenges are involved in implementing IPC procedures.
MeSH term(s)	History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Infection Control/history ; Patient Isolation/history ; State Medicine ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1119191-0
ISSN	0966-0461
ISSN	0966-0461
DOI	10.12968/bjon.2018.27.3.137
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Article: The neglected element of hand hygiene - significance of hand drying, efficiency of different methods and clinical implication: A review.

Gammon, John / Hunt, Julian

Journal of infection prevention

2018 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 66–74

Abstract: Hand hygiene is a fundamental strategy for controlling the spread of infection. Careful hand drying is integral to the process of hand hygiene, which aims to optimise the removal of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Ineffective hand drying results ... ...

Abstract	Hand hygiene is a fundamental strategy for controlling the spread of infection. Careful hand drying is integral to the process of hand hygiene, which aims to optimise the removal of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Ineffective hand drying results in wet hands that are an infection risk increasing the potential for cross-infection, occupational contact dermatitis for healthcare practitioners, harm to patients and environmental contamination. Evidence indicates that there has been limited research regarding the significance of hand drying and the efficacy and clinical impact of different drying methods. The purpose of this review paper was to scope and evaluate the existing literature pertaining to hand drying; to examine the clinical consequences associated with wet hands for patients, healthcare practitioners and the clinical environment; to assess the efficacy of different drying methods; to consider the impact on patient safety; and to progress the research, debate and practice relating to hand drying. The methodological framework applied in this review was that of Arksey and O'Malley (2007). Twenty-one papers identified from 112 abstracts screened were included in the review. Analysis identified three primary themes emerging from the literature: (1) efficacy of hand drying methods; (2) drying method and microbial translocation, dispersion and environmental contamination; and (3) drying methods and environmental sustainability. This review highlights the equal importance of hand drying in the process of hand hygiene and suggests that the efficacy of hand drying is a critical factor in the prevention of the transfer of microorganisms to the environment, and from person to person following hand washing. In conclusion, this paper argues that greater attention needs to be given to hand drying in terms of practice, policy and research and its importance in clinical settings given greater focus.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2595000-9
ISSN	1757-1782 ; 1757-1774
ISSN (online)	1757-1782
ISSN	1757-1774
DOI	10.1177/1757177418815549
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Article ; Online: Patient safety culture as a space of social struggle: understanding infection prevention practice and patient safety culture within hospital isolation settings - a qualitative study.

Hunt, Julian / Gammon, John / Williams, Sharon / Daniel, Sharon / Rees, Sue / Matthewson, Sian

BMC health services research

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1446

Abstract: Background: In recent times, infection prevention and patient safety have become a global health policy priority with thought being given to understanding organisational culture within healthcare, and of its significance in initiating sustained quality ... ...

Abstract	Background: In recent times, infection prevention and patient safety have become a global health policy priority with thought being given to understanding organisational culture within healthcare, and of its significance in initiating sustained quality improvement within infection prevention and patient safety. This paper seeks to explore the ways in which engagement of healthcare workers with infection prevention principles and practices, shape and inform patient safety culture within the context of hospital isolation settings; and vice-versa. Research methods: In this paper, we utilise focus group interviews at two hospital sites within one health board in order to engage healthcare staff in elaborating on their understandings of infection prevention practices and patient safety culture within isolation settings in their organisation. Focus group transcripts were analysed inductively using thematic analysis in order to identify and develop emerging empirical themes. Results: Positioned against a background of healthcare restructuring and ever-increasing uncertainty, our study found two very different hospitals in regard to patient safety culture and infection prevention practice. While one hospital site embodies a mixed picture in regard to patient safety culture, the second hospital is best characterised as being highly fragmented. The utilisation of focus group interviews revealed themes that capture the ways in which interviewees position and understand the work they perform within the broader structural, political and cultural context, and what that means for infection prevention practice and patient safety culture. Conclusion: Drawing on the insights of Bourdieu, this paper theorises the field of patient safety as a space of social struggle. Patient safety is thus positioned within its structural, cultural and political context, rather than as merely an epidemiological dilemma.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Patient Safety ; Hospitals ; Qualitative Research ; Health Policy ; Safety Management
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050434-2
ISSN	1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
ISSN	1472-6963
DOI	10.1186/s12913-022-08703-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The stigmatisation of source isolation: a literature review.

Gammon, John / Hunt, Julian / Musselwhite, Charles

Journal of research in nursing : JRN

2019 Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) 677–693

Abstract: Background: Isolation precautions in patients with multi-drug-resistant bacteria and other communicable infectious agents can be associated with adverse effects. Patients' perspectives of isolation suggest that the imposed environment and procedures ... ...

Abstract	Background: Isolation precautions in patients with multi-drug-resistant bacteria and other communicable infectious agents can be associated with adverse effects. Patients' perspectives of isolation suggest that the imposed environment and procedures create barriers to their physical, social and emotional needs. Aims: The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to uncover any reliable evidence supporting the assertion that stigma is a significant characteristic of the experience of source isolation in healthcare settings. Methods: The methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley was applied to this review. A total of 14 papers identified from 189 abstracts screened were included in the review. Results: The research reviewed suggests a clear association between stigmatisation and isolation in which stigma does have a direct negative effect on patients placed in hospital isolation. None of the studies found evidence to the contrary. Conclusions: The implications of this literature review for policy-makers and healthcare professionals suggest that when isolation or other forms of constraint are implemented and in use, patients must be provided with strengthened forms of support, including social and emotional support, and given access to healthcare of optimal quality to prevent the associated adverse effects of isolation as much as possible.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2173772-1
ISSN	1744-988X ; 1744-9871
ISSN (online)	1744-988X
ISSN	1744-9871
DOI	10.1177/1744987119845031
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