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  1. Article ; Online: Competence for physician-assisted death of patients with mental disorders: theoretical and practical considerations.

    Gold, Azgad

    Journal of medical ethics

    2023  

    Abstract: Physician-assisted death (PAD) of patients whose suffering does not stem from terminal conditions has become more prevalent during the last few decades. This paper is focused on decision-making competence for PAD, specifically in situations in which PAD ... ...

    Abstract Physician-assisted death (PAD) of patients whose suffering does not stem from terminal conditions has become more prevalent during the last few decades. This paper is focused on decision-making competence for PAD, specifically in situations in which PAD is related solely to psychiatric illness. First, a theoretical analysis presents the premises for the argument that competence for physician-assisted death for psychiatric patients (PADPP) should be determined based on a higher threshold in comparison to the required competence for conventional medical interventions. Second, the higher threshold for decision-making competence for PADPP is illustrated. Third, several real PADPP cases are critically discussed, as an illustration to decision-making competence evaluations that would not have met the higher standard. Finally, a short summary of practical suggestions regarding the assessment of decision-making competence for PADPP is presented. Psychiatrists are called to address the ethical, legal, societal and clinical challenges related to PADPP and should be prepared for its probable expansion.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194927-5
    ISSN 1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
    ISSN (online) 1473-4257
    ISSN 0306-6800
    DOI 10.1136/jme-2022-108829
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  2. Article ; Online: Are healthcare workers obligated to risk themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic according to Jewish law? A response to Solnica

    Gold, Azgad

    Journal of medical ethics

    2020  Volume 46, Issue 11, Page(s) 736–737

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Solnica
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Ethics, Medical ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Jews ; Judaism ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Risk ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 194927-5
    ISSN 1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
    ISSN (online) 1473-4257
    ISSN 0306-6800
    DOI 10.1136/medethics-2020-106622
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    Zs.A 1163: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: 'Am I a good enough therapist?': Self-doubt among speech and language therapists.

    Gold, Rinat / Gold, Azgad

    International journal of language & communication disorders

    2023  Volume 59, Issue 1, Page(s) 165–179

    Abstract: Background: The therapeutic process is fraught with various feelings. This research focused on a specific type of negative feeling, namely self-doubt (SD).: Aim: To explore and characterize the nature of SD among speech and language therapists (SLTs) ...

    Abstract Background: The therapeutic process is fraught with various feelings. This research focused on a specific type of negative feeling, namely self-doubt (SD).
    Aim: To explore and characterize the nature of SD among speech and language therapists (SLTs) (the frequency of SD, situations that trigger SD, emotions and thoughts related to SD, and coping strategies) in various stages of occupational experience.
    Methods & procedures: A total of 267 SLTs answered an online survey. Respondents represented SLTs in all stages of vocational experience, with varying academic degrees, from a variety of employment settings. The survey addressed situations that trigger SD, thoughts, and emotions associated with SD and the background information of the respondents. Frequency distributions of the responses of the participants were determined, and independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to examine if there were differences between groups that differed in their occupational experience on the frequency of SD, attitudes towards SD and emotions related to SD.
    Outcomes & results: Differences were found between SLTs in various stages of professional development in several aspects of SD. Novice SLTs reported significantly higher levels of SD compared with experienced SLTs. In the face of SD, novice SLTs consider career abandonment significantly more than do experienced SLTs. They perceive themselves as a failure when experiencing SD to a significantly greater extent than do more experienced SLTs. In addition, SD is associated with various negative emotions.
    Conclusions & implications: Self-doubt is a natural professional feeling. It may be harmful especially in the early stages of professional development. Our findings call for support and guidance in the face of SD.
    What this paper adds: What is already known on the subject Healthcare professionals report feeling SD. This feeling may have deleterious effects on well-being and career satisfaction and is especially harmful in young therapists. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study characterizes the nature of SD among SLTs in various stages of occupational experience. Our findings indicate that SD is reported among SLTs at all career stages, especially in novice SLTs. Self-doubt is associated with a range of negative thoughts and emotions, and it may be triggered by various situations. Nonetheless, it is a topic that our respondents rarely learn about. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Normalising and validating SD is important to SLTs' resilience and may facilitate coping. This may be achieved by learning about the subject of SD in graduate programmes. In addition, mentors should create a safe learning culture to allow sharing SD and challenging situations, especially in the first years of occupational experience.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Speech Therapy/methods ; Language Therapy/methods ; Speech ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1415919-3
    ISSN 1460-6984 ; 1368-2822
    ISSN (online) 1460-6984
    ISSN 1368-2822
    DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12935
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    Zs.A 587: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Caregivers' perceptions of compulsory treatment of physical illness in involuntarily psychiatric hospitalization.

    Joury, Sophie / Asman, Oren / Gold, Azgad

    Nursing ethics

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 423–436

    Abstract: Background: Physical morbidity is rife among patients with serious mental illness. When they are involuntarily hospitalized and even treated, they may still refuse treatment for physical illness leading clinicians to wonder about the ethics of coercing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Physical morbidity is rife among patients with serious mental illness. When they are involuntarily hospitalized and even treated, they may still refuse treatment for physical illness leading clinicians to wonder about the ethics of coercing such treatments.
    Research aim: This survey study explored psychiatric caregivers' perceptions on whether compulsory treatment of physical illness is legal and whether it is justifiable in patients with serious mental illness and under what circumstances.
    Research design: A questionnaire that included two case vignettes of an involuntarily hospitalized psychiatric patient with diabetes refusing treatment with insulin for various reasons. The cases differed in terms of diabetes severity. Participants answered questions regarding the appropriateness of involuntary treatment.
    Participants and research context: Psychiatric medical doctors and nurses working in a mental health center. (
    Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Medical Centre Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the University Ethics Committee. The respondents' anonymity was kept. Participation was voluntary and consent was obtained.
    Results: The severity of the patient's medical condition and their reason for refusing treatment were associated with participants' willingness to give insulin despite patient objection [(
    Conclusions: The severity of the medical condition and the reason for treatment refusal influence psychiatric caregivers' willingness to provide compulsory treatment for physical illness in involuntary hospitalized psychiatric patients. Beyond the legal framework, ethical guidelines for these situations are warranted, while decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Caregivers ; Commitment of Mentally Ill ; Mental Disorders/complications ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Involuntary Treatment ; Hospitalization ; Insulins
    Chemical Substances Insulins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1200467-4
    ISSN 1477-0989 ; 0969-7330
    ISSN (online) 1477-0989
    ISSN 0969-7330
    DOI 10.1177/09697330221140493
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  5. Article ; Online: Are healthcare workers obligated to risk themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic according to Jewish law? A response to Solnica et al

    Gold, Azgad

    Journal of Medical Ethics

    2020  Volume 46, Issue 11, Page(s) 736–737

    Abstract: Solnica et al argue that “Jewish law and modern secular approaches based on professional responsibilities obligate physicians to care for all patients even those with communicable diseases”. The authors base their viewpoint on the opinion of Rabbi ... ...

    Abstract Solnica et al argue that “Jewish law and modern secular approaches based on professional responsibilities obligate physicians to care for all patients even those with communicable diseases”. The authors base their viewpoint on the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer Waldenberg and apply it to suggest that physicians are obligated to endanger themselves during epidemics, such as COVID-19. It is argued that Solnica et al ’s analysis of Rabbi Waldenberg’s text and their conclusion that healthcare workers are obligated to endanger themselves while treating patient who suffer from contagious illness during epidemics according to Jewish law suffer from various shortcomings. Indeed, Jewish law looks favourably on healthcare workers who take a reasonable risk in treating their patients in the context of epidemics. However, it is considered a voluntary supererogatory act—not obligatory. Solnica et al may express a legitimate ethical viewpoint. However, it does not seem to represent the mainstream approach of what Jewish law would demand as obligatory from its practitioners.
    Keywords Health Policy ; Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ; Issues, ethics and legal aspects ; Health(social science) ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher BMJ
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 194927-5
    ISSN 1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
    ISSN (online) 1473-4257
    ISSN 0306-6800
    DOI 10.1136/medethics-2020-106622
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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    Zs.A 1163: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: Are healthcare workers obligated to risk themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic according to Jewish law? A response to Solnica et al

    Gold, Azgad

    J Med Ethics

    Abstract: Solnica et al argue that "Jewish law and modern secular approaches based on professional responsibilities obligate physicians to care for all patients even those with communicable diseases". The authors base their viewpoint on the opinion of Rabbi ... ...

    Abstract Solnica et al argue that "Jewish law and modern secular approaches based on professional responsibilities obligate physicians to care for all patients even those with communicable diseases". The authors base their viewpoint on the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer Waldenberg and apply it to suggest that physicians are obligated to endanger themselves during epidemics, such as COVID-19. It is argued that Solnica et al's analysis of Rabbi Waldenberg's text and their conclusion that healthcare workers are obligated to endanger themselves while treating patient who suffer from contagious illness during epidemics according to Jewish law suffer from various shortcomings. Indeed, Jewish law looks favourably on healthcare workers who take a reasonable risk in treating their patients in the context of epidemics. However, it is considered a voluntary supererogatory act-not obligatory. Solnica et al may express a legitimate ethical viewpoint. However, it does not seem to represent the mainstream approach of what Jewish law would demand as obligatory from its practitioners.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #650489
    Database COVID19

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  7. Book ; Online: Are healthcare workers obligated to risk themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic according to Jewish law? A response to Solnica et al

    Gold, Azgad

    2020  

    Abstract: Solnica et al argue that “Jewish law and modern secular approaches based on professional responsibilities obligate physicians to care for all patients even those with communicable diseases”. The authors base their viewpoint on the opinion of Rabbi ... ...

    Abstract Solnica et al argue that “Jewish law and modern secular approaches based on professional responsibilities obligate physicians to care for all patients even those with communicable diseases”. The authors base their viewpoint on the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer Waldenberg and apply it to suggest that physicians are obligated to endanger themselves during epidemics, such as COVID-19. It is argued that Solnica et al ’s analysis of Rabbi Waldenberg’s text and their conclusion that healthcare workers are obligated to endanger themselves while treating patient who suffer from contagious illness during epidemics according to Jewish law suffer from various shortcomings. Indeed, Jewish law looks favourably on healthcare workers who take a reasonable risk in treating their patients in the context of epidemics. However, it is considered a voluntary supererogatory act—not obligatory. Solnica et al may express a legitimate ethical viewpoint. However, it does not seem to represent the mainstream approach of what Jewish law would demand as obligatory from its practitioners.
    Keywords Response ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01 00:00:00.0
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: The experience of speech-language therapists and audiologists when delivering bad news: A qualitative analysis.

    Gold, Rinat / Gold, Azgad

    International journal of language & communication disorders

    2021  Volume 56, Issue 2, Page(s) 402–414

    Abstract: Background: As part of their professional responsibilities, speech-language therapists and audiologists are required to deliver bad news.: Aims: The aim of this qualitative study is to describe and characterize the subjective experience of speech- ... ...

    Abstract Background: As part of their professional responsibilities, speech-language therapists and audiologists are required to deliver bad news.
    Aims: The aim of this qualitative study is to describe and characterize the subjective experience of speech-language therapists and audiologists when delivering bad news to clients or their family members.
    Methods & procedures: A group of 156 speech-language therapists and audiologists replied in writing to an open question asking them to describe a clinical encounter in which they delivered bad news. The texts that were generated in response to this question served as a data base. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data and generate themes.
    Outcomes & results: Thematic analysis of participants' texts revealed the challenges inherent to the delivery of bad news. Four main themes emerged from text analysis: difficulty in phrasing the news; the deliverer's emotional experience; the receiver's reaction; and being alone or in companion with another healthcare provider during the delivery of the bad news.
    Conclusions & implications: Speech-language therapists and audiologists experience difficulties similar to those experienced by other healthcare professionals when delivering bad news. Nevertheless, speech-language therapists and audiologists seem to perceive the delivery of bad news situation in a broader sense than the conventional definition given to this term in the medical arena. What this paper adds What is already known on the subject The task of delivering bad news is stressful to healthcare professionals. Most of the literature on the topic pertains to physicians. Little is known regarding the delivery of bad news in speech-language therapy and audiology. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study highlights the challenges that speech-language therapists and audiologists encounter when delivering bad news. Furthermore, it illuminates the implicit perceptions of these professionals regarding what is considered 'bad news'. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The emotional challenges associated with the delivery of bad news underscore the importance of support and training regarding the delivery of bad news. It is especially important to prepare for a client's difficult questions, and to prefer a collaborative approach to the delivery of bad news.
    MeSH term(s) Allied Health Personnel ; Audiologists ; Audiology ; Humans ; Speech ; Speech Therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1415919-3
    ISSN 1460-6984 ; 1368-2822
    ISSN (online) 1460-6984
    ISSN 1368-2822
    DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12612
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  9. Article ; Online: Psychiatry and COVID-19: putting our best foot forward.

    Strous, Rael D / Gold, Azgad

    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science

    2020  Volume 217, Issue 2, Page(s) 410–412

    Abstract: COVID-19 presents new challenges for psychiatry as clinical management, ethical dilemmas and administrative complications need to be addressed. The psychiatrist should protect the needs and rights of the mentally ill while maximising population health ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 presents new challenges for psychiatry as clinical management, ethical dilemmas and administrative complications need to be addressed. The psychiatrist should protect the needs and rights of the mentally ill while maximising population health and ensuring solidarity, reciprocity and community well-being for all.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Mental Health Services/ethics ; Mental Health Services/standards ; Mentally Ill Persons ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Psychiatry/ethics ; Psychiatry/standards
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 218103-4
    ISSN 1472-1465 ; 0007-1250
    ISSN (online) 1472-1465
    ISSN 0007-1250
    DOI 10.1192/bjp.2020.90
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  10. Article: The New RNA-Editing Era - Ethical Considerations.

    Gold, Azgad / Levanon, Erez Y / Eisenberg, Eli

    Trends in genetics : TIG

    2021  Volume 37, Issue 8, Page(s) 685–687

    Abstract: The characteristics of RNA editing, including the lower risk compared with genome editing, may loosen the ethical barriers that are currently imposed on genetic engineering, thus opening new possibilities for research, therapy, and human enhancement. We ... ...

    Abstract The characteristics of RNA editing, including the lower risk compared with genome editing, may loosen the ethical barriers that are currently imposed on genetic engineering, thus opening new possibilities for research, therapy, and human enhancement. We should start considering the future ethical and social implications of this new and promising technology.
    MeSH term(s) CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Gene Editing/ethics ; Genetic Engineering/ethics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Humans ; RNA Editing/ethics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 619240-3
    ISSN 1362-4555 ; 0168-9525 ; 0168-9479
    ISSN (online) 1362-4555
    ISSN 0168-9525 ; 0168-9479
    DOI 10.1016/j.tig.2021.04.013
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