Article ; Online: The association of facility ownership with COVID-19 outbreaks in long-term care homes in British Columbia, Canada: a retrospective cohort study.
2023 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) E267–E273
Abstract: Background: Long-term care (LTC) in Canada is delivered by a mix of government-, for-profit- and nonprofit-owned facilities that receive public funding to provide care, and were sites of major outbreaks during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. ... ...
| Abstract | Background: Long-term care (LTC) in Canada is delivered by a mix of government-, for-profit- and nonprofit-owned facilities that receive public funding to provide care, and were sites of major outbreaks during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to assess whether facility ownership was associated with COVID-19 outbreaks among LTC facilities in British Columbia, Canada. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in which we linked LTC facility data, collected annually by the Office of the Seniors Advocate BC, with public health data on outbreaks. A facility outbreak was recorded when 1 or more residents tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between Mar. 1, 2020, and Jan. 31, 2021. We used the Cox proportional hazards method to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of the association between risk of COVID-19 outbreak and facility ownership, controlling for community incidence of COVID-19 and other facility characteristics. Results: Overall, 94 outbreaks involved residents in 80 of 293 facilities. Compared with health authority-owned facilities, for-profit and nonprofit facilities had higher risks of COVID-19 outbreaks (adjusted HR 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-3.52 and adjusted HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.00-3.36, respectively). The model adjusted for community incidence of infection (adjusted HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07-1.17), total nursing hours per resident-day (adjusted HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.33-2.14), facility age (adjusted HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02), number of facility beds (adjusted HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12-1.30) and facilities with beds in shared rooms (adjusted HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.73-1.85). Interpretation: Findings suggest that ownership of LTC facilities by health authorities in BC offered some protection against COVID-19 outbreaks. Further study is needed to unpack the underlying pathways behind this observed association. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Humans ; Long-Term Care ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; British Columbia/epidemiology ; Ownership ; Retrospective Studies ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2023-03-21 |
| Publishing country | Canada |
| Document type | Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| ZDB-ID | 2701622-5 |
| ISSN | 2291-0026 ; 2291-0026 |
| ISSN (online) | 2291-0026 |
| ISSN | 2291-0026 |
| DOI | 10.9778/cmajo.20220022 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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