Article ; Online: COVID-19 and pregnancy: A review of clinical characteristics, obstetric outcomes and vertical transmission.
The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology
2020 Volume 60, Issue 5, Page(s) 640–659
Abstract: Background: Since its emergence in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to over 210 countries, with an estimated mortality rate of 3-4%. Little is understood about its effects during pregnancy.: Aims: To describe the current understanding of COVID-19 ... ...
| Abstract | Background: Since its emergence in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to over 210 countries, with an estimated mortality rate of 3-4%. Little is understood about its effects during pregnancy. Aims: To describe the current understanding of COVID-19 illness in pregnant women, to describe obstetric outcomes and to identify gaps in the existing knowledge. Methods: Medline Ovid, EMBASE, World Health Organization COVID-19 research database and Cochrane COVID-19 in pregnancy spreadsheet were accessed on 18/4, 18/5 and 23/5 2020. Articles were screened via Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The following were excluded: reviews, opinion pieces, guidelines, articles pertaining solely to other viruses, single case reports. Results: Sixty articles were included in this review. Some pregnant participants may have been included in multiple publications, as admission dates overlap for reports from the same hospital. However, a total of 1287 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant cases are reported. Where universal testing was undertaken, asymptomatic infection occurred in 43.5-92% of cases. In the cohort studies, severe and critical COVID-19 illness rates approximated those of the non-pregnant population. Eight maternal deaths, six neonatal deaths, seven stillbirths and five miscarriages were reported. Nineteen neonates were SARS-CoV-2 positive, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal swabs. [Correction added on 2 September 2020, after first online publication: the number of neonates indicated in the preceding sentence has been corrected from 'Thirteen' to 'Nineteen'.] CONCLUSIONS: Where universal screening was conducted, SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy was often asymptomatic. Severe and critical disease rates approximate those in the general population. Vertical transmission is possible; however, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates were infected in utero, intrapartum or postpartum. Future work should assess risks of congenital syndromes and adverse perinatal outcomes where infection occurs in early and mid-pregnancy. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology ; Adult ; Australia ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Databases, Factual ; Delivery, Obstetric/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality/trends ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection Control/methods ; Maternal Mortality/trends ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pandemics/statistics & numerical data ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology ; Pregnancy Trimesters ; Premature Birth/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; World Health Organization ; Young Adult |
| Keywords | covid19 |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2020-08-10 |
| Publishing country | Australia |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review |
| ZDB-ID | 390815-x |
| ISSN | 1479-828X ; 0004-8666 |
| ISSN (online) | 1479-828X |
| ISSN | 0004-8666 |
| DOI | 10.1111/ajo.13204 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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