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  1. Article ; Online: Productivity in a pandemic.

    Collins, Caitlyn

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2020  Volume 369, Issue 6504, Page(s) 603

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Efficiency ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Uncertainty
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.abe1163
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  3. Article: The Gendered Politics of Pandemic Relief: Labor and Family Policies in Denmark, Germany, and the United States During COVID-19.

    Bariola, Nino / Collins, Caitlyn

    The American behavioral scientist

    2023  Volume 65, Issue 12, Page(s) 1671–1697

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified families' struggles to reconcile caregiving and employment, especially for working mothers. How have different countries reacted to these troubling circumstances? What policies have been implemented to alleviate the ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified families' struggles to reconcile caregiving and employment, especially for working mothers. How have different countries reacted to these troubling circumstances? What policies have been implemented to alleviate the pernicious effects of the pandemic on gender and labor inequalities? We examine the policies offered in Denmark, Germany, and the United States, three countries that represent distinct welfare regimes. We find important differences among the policy solutions provided, but also in the "cultural infrastructures" that allow policies to work as intended, or not. In Denmark, a social-democratic welfare state, robust federal salary guarantee programs supplemented an already strong social safety net. The country was among the first to lock down and reorganize health care-and also among the first to reopen schools and child care facilities, acknowledging that parents' employment depends on child care provisioning, especially for mothers. Germany, a corporatist regime, substantially expanded existing programs and provided generous subsidies. However, despite an ongoing official commitment to reduce gender inequality, the cultural legacy of a father breadwinner/mother caregiver family model meant that reopening child care facilities was not a first priority, which pushed many mothers out of paid work. In the U.S. liberal regime, private organizations-particularly in privileged economic sectors-are the ones primarily offering supports to working parents. Patchwork efforts at lockdown and reopening have meant a lengthy period of limbo for working families, with disastrous consequences for women, especially the most vulnerable. Among such varied "solutions" to the consequences of the pandemic, those of liberal regimes seem to be worsening inequalities. The unprecedented nature of the current pandemic recession suggests a need for scholars to gender the study of economic crises.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 206867-9
    ISSN 0002-7642
    ISSN 0002-7642
    DOI 10.1177/00027642211003140
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  4. Article: The Gendered Politics of Pandemic Relief: Labor and Family Policies in Denmark, Germany, and the United States During COVID-19

    Bariola, Nino / Collins, Caitlyn

    American behavioral scientist. 2021 Nov., v. 65, no. 12

    2021  

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified families’ struggles to reconcile caregiving and employment, especially for working mothers. How have different countries reacted to these troubling circumstances? What policies have been implemented to alleviate the ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified families’ struggles to reconcile caregiving and employment, especially for working mothers. How have different countries reacted to these troubling circumstances? What policies have been implemented to alleviate the pernicious effects of the pandemic on gender and labor inequalities? We examine the policies offered in Denmark, Germany, and the United States, three countries that represent distinct welfare regimes. We find important differences among the policy solutions provided, but also in the “cultural infrastructures” that allow policies to work as intended, or not. In Denmark, a social-democratic welfare state, robust federal salary guarantee programs supplemented an already strong social safety net. The country was among the first to lock down and reorganize health care—and also among the first to reopen schools and child care facilities, acknowledging that parents’ employment depends on child care provisioning, especially for mothers. Germany, a corporatist regime, substantially expanded existing programs and provided generous subsidies. However, despite an ongoing official commitment to reduce gender inequality, the cultural legacy of a father breadwinner/mother caregiver family model meant that reopening child care facilities was not a first priority, which pushed many mothers out of paid work. In the U.S. liberal regime, private organizations—particularly in privileged economic sectors—are the ones primarily offering supports to working parents. Patchwork efforts at lockdown and reopening have meant a lengthy period of limbo for working families, with disastrous consequences for women, especially the most vulnerable. Among such varied “solutions” to the consequences of the pandemic, those of liberal regimes seem to be worsening inequalities. The unprecedented nature of the current pandemic recession suggests a need for scholars to gender the study of economic crises.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; caregivers ; child care ; employment ; gender ; issues and policy ; labor ; models ; pandemic ; politics ; scientists ; social inequality ; Denmark ; Germany
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-11
    Size p. 1671-1697.
    Publishing place SAGE Publications
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1552-3381
    DOI 10.1177/00027642211003140
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Mechanical Biomarkers in Bone Using Image-Based Finite Element Analysis.

    Dailey, Hannah L / Kersh, Mariana E / Collins, Caitlyn J / Troy, Karen L

    Current osteoporosis reports

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 266–277

    Abstract: Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to summarize insights gained by finite element (FE) model-based mechanical biomarkers of bone for in vivo assessment of bone development and adaptation, fracture risk, and fracture healing.: Recent ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to summarize insights gained by finite element (FE) model-based mechanical biomarkers of bone for in vivo assessment of bone development and adaptation, fracture risk, and fracture healing.
    Recent findings: Muscle-driven FE models have been used to establish correlations between prenatal strains and morphological development. Postnatal ontogenetic studies have identified potential origins of bone fracture risk and quantified the mechanical environment during stereotypical locomotion and in response to increased loading. FE-based virtual mechanical tests have been used to assess fracture healing with higher fidelity than the current clinical standard; here, virtual torsion test data was a better predictor of torsional rigidity than morphometric measures or radiographic scores. Virtual mechanical biomarkers of strength have also been used to deepen the insights from both preclinical and clinical studies with predictions of strength of union at different stages of healing and reliable predictions of time to healing. Image-based FE models allow for noninvasive measurement of mechanical biomarkers in bone and have emerged as powerful tools for translational research on bone. More work to develop nonirradiating imaging techniques and validate models of bone during particularly dynamic phases (e.g., during growth and the callus region during fracture healing) will allow for continued progress in our understanding of how bone responds along the lifespan.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Finite Element Analysis ; Fractures, Bone ; Bony Callus ; Fracture Healing/physiology ; Stress, Mechanical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2186581-4
    ISSN 1544-2241 ; 1544-1873
    ISSN (online) 1544-2241
    ISSN 1544-1873
    DOI 10.1007/s11914-023-00784-9
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  6. Article: Clinical Data for Parametrization of

    Ledoux, Charles / Boaretti, Daniele / Sachan, Akanksha / Müller, Ralph / Collins, Caitlyn J

    Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 901720

    Abstract: ... In ... ...

    Abstract In silico
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2719493-0
    ISSN 2296-4185
    ISSN 2296-4185
    DOI 10.3389/fbioe.2022.901720
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  7. Article ; Online: Remote Schooling and Mothers’ Employment During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Race, Education, and Marital Status

    Liana Christin Landivar / William J. Scarborough / Leah Ruppanner / Caitlyn M. Collins / Lloyd Rouse

    RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol 9, Iss 3, Pp 134-

    2023  Volume 158

    Abstract: Public schools in the United States saw unprecedented reductions to in-person instruction during the 2020–2021 school year. Using the Elementary School Operating Status database, the American Community Survey, and the Current Population Survey, we show ... ...

    Abstract Public schools in the United States saw unprecedented reductions to in-person instruction during the 2020–2021 school year. Using the Elementary School Operating Status database, the American Community Survey, and the Current Population Survey, we show remote instruction was associated with reduced employment among mothers compared with fathers and women without children. The gender gap in employment between mothers and fathers grew as much as 5 percentage points in areas with remote instruction. Compared to women without children, mothers’ employment fell by as much as 2 percentage points under remote schooling. Employment disparities among mothers deepened by race, educational attainment, and marital status. We show employment disparities endured through spring 2021, even as many school districts returned to in-person instruction.
    Keywords employment ; race and ethnicity ; gender ; education ; covid-19 ; Social Sciences ; H
    Subject code 331 ; 370
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Russell Sage Foundation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Bone remodeling and responsiveness to mechanical stimuli in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

    Walle, Matthias / Duseja, Ankita / Whittier, Danielle E / Vilaca, Tatiane / Paggiosi, Margaret / Eastell, Richard / Müller, Ralph / Collins, Caitlyn J

    Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

    2024  

    Abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been linked to increased osteocyte apoptosis, local accumulation of mineralized lacunar spaces, and microdamage suggesting an impairment of the mechanoregulation network in affected individuals. Diabetic neuropathy ... ...

    Abstract Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been linked to increased osteocyte apoptosis, local accumulation of mineralized lacunar spaces, and microdamage suggesting an impairment of the mechanoregulation network in affected individuals. Diabetic neuropathy might exacerbate this dysfunction through direct effects on bone turnover, and indirect effects on balance, muscle strength, and gait. However, the in vivo effects of impaired bone mechanoregulation on bone remodeling in humans remain underexplored. This longitudinal cohort study assessed consenting participants with T1DM and varying degree of distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy (T1DM, n = 20, median age 46.5 yr, eight female) and controls (CTRL; n = 9, median age 59.0 yr, four female) at baseline and 4-yr follow-up. Nerve conduction in participants with T1DM was tested using DPNCheck and bone remodeling was quantified with longitudinal high-resolution peripheral quantitative-computed tomography (HR-pQCT, 82 μm) at the standard distal sites. Local trabecular bone formation (Tb.F) and resorption (Tb.R) sites were captured by implementing 3D rigid image registration of HR-pQCT images, and the mechanical environment across the bone microarchitecture at these sites was simulated using micro-finite element analysis. We calculated odds ratios to determine the likelihood of bone formation (ORF) and resorption (ORR) with increasing/decreasing strain in percent as markers for mechanoregulation. At the distal radius, Tb.F was 47% lower and Tb.R was 59% lower in T1DM participants compared with CTRL (P < .05). Tb.F correlated positively with nerve conduction amplitude (R = 0.69, P < .05) in participants with T1DM and negatively with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (R = -0.45, P < .05). Additionally, ORF was 34% lower and ORR was 18% lower in T1DM compared with CTRL (P < .05). Our findings represent in vivo evidence suggesting that bone remodeling in individuals with T1DM is in a state of low responsiveness to mechanical stimuli, resulting in impaired bone formation and resorption rates; these correlate to the degree of neuropathy and level of diabetes control.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632783-7
    ISSN 1523-4681 ; 0884-0431
    ISSN (online) 1523-4681
    ISSN 0884-0431
    DOI 10.1093/jbmr/zjad014
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  9. Article ; Online: Novice User Learning Curve for Handheld Gastric Point of Care Ultrasound Evaluations to Detect Delayed Return of Postoperative Peristalsis.

    Lamm, Ryan / Collins, Micaela / Bloom, Jamie / Joel, Marisa / Iosif, Leah / Park, Doo / Reny, Jacky / Schultz, Samuel / Phillips, Benjamin / Schwenk, Eric / Costanzo, Caitlyn

    The American surgeon

    2023  Volume 89, Issue 12, Page(s) 6290–6292

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Peristalsis ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Learning Curve ; Ultrasonography ; Point-of-Care Testing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 202465-2
    ISSN 1555-9823 ; 0003-1348
    ISSN (online) 1555-9823
    ISSN 0003-1348
    DOI 10.1177/00031348231156770
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  10. Article ; Online: Do high childcare costs and low access to Head Start and childcare subsidies limit mothers' employment? A state-level analysis.

    Landivar, Liana Christin / Scarborough, William J / Collins, Caitlyn / Ruppanner, Leah

    Social science research

    2021  Volume 102, Page(s) 102627

    Abstract: Access to affordable childcare is crucial to mothers' employment. Yet, childcare costs and access to Head Start, childcare subsidies, and state-funded preschool vary dramatically across U.S. states. Using data from the 2016 American Community Survey five- ...

    Abstract Access to affordable childcare is crucial to mothers' employment. Yet, childcare costs and access to Head Start, childcare subsidies, and state-funded preschool vary dramatically across U.S. states. Using data from the 2016 American Community Survey five-year estimates, we apply hierarchical logistic regression models to show mothers are more likely to work in states with inexpensive childcare, higher Head Start enrollment and childcare subsidy participation, and increased availability of state-funded preschool. Childcare subsidy access is associated with higher maternal employment amongst those with lower levels of educational attainment, whereas state-funded preschool is associated with higher employment primarily among the college educated. Additionally, our analysis revealed that Head Start has a stronger association with maternal employment in states where childcare costs are high, reducing the negative relationship of employment with expensive childcare. As national discussions continue to center on the importance of childcare, our research adds evidence that public programs support maternal employment through reducing out-of-pocket childcare costs.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Care ; Child, Preschool ; Educational Status ; Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1096-0317
    ISSN (online) 1096-0317
    DOI 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102627
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