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Article ; Online: COVID-19 autopsy in people who died in community settings: the first series.

Youd, Esther / Moore, Luiza

2020 Volume 73, Issue 12, Page(s) 840–844

Abstract: Here, we report the pathological findings of nine complete autopsies of individuals who died in community settings in the UK, three of which were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), three tested negative for SARS- ... ...

Abstract	Here, we report the pathological findings of nine complete autopsies of individuals who died in community settings in the UK, three of which were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), three tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 but are likely false negatives, and three died of other respiratory infections. Autopsy revealed firm, consolidated lungs or lobar pneumonia. Histology of the lungs showed changes of diffuse alveolar damage with fibrin membrane formation, thickened alveolar walls and interstitium with lymphocytic infiltrate, and type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia with shedding into the alveolar space. This series is the first in the world to describe autopsy findings in individuals dying suddenly in the community, not previously known to have COVID-19 infection, and the first autopsy series in the UK. During a time when testing in the UK is currently primarily offered to patients in hospital or symptomatic key workers, with limited testing available in community settings, it highlights the importance of testing for COVID-19 at autopsy. Two deaths occurred in care homes where a diagnosis of COVID-19 allowed the health protection team to provide support in that 'closed setting' to reduce the risks of onward transmission. This work highlights the need for frequent COVID-19 testing in the management of patients in community settings. Comprehensive virology and microbiology assessment is pivotal to correctly identify the cause of death, including those due to COVID-19 infection, and to derive accurate death statistics.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autopsy ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19 Testing ; Cause of Death ; Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis ; Community-Acquired Infections/mortality ; Community-Acquired Infections/pathology ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Lung/pathology ; Male ; Myocardium/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80261-x
ISSN	1472-4146 ; 0021-9746
ISSN (online)	1472-4146
ISSN	0021-9746
DOI	10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206710
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Article ; Online: "For us, whatever we do is wrong, until we do something really good": a qualitative study of the lived experiences of doctors from minority ethnic backgrounds in Scotland.

Chopra, Charu / Poobalan, Amudha / Gibson Smith, Kathrine / Youd, Esther / Johnston, Peter

BMJ open

2023 Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) e073733

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the lived experiences of doctors from minority ethnic (ME) backgrounds during postgraduate medical training, in particular their experiences of discrimination (if any); any impact of intersectionality and perceptions on how ME ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To evaluate the lived experiences of doctors from minority ethnic (ME) backgrounds during postgraduate medical training, in particular their experiences of discrimination (if any); any impact of intersectionality and perceptions on how ME doctors may be better supported in their learning and working environments. Design: This was a qualitative study grounded in social constructivism, using semi-structured online individual interviews as the data collection method and an exploratory thematic analysis process. Setting: Participants were recruited from postgraduate specialist medical training programmes within one Deanery (Scotland Deanery) in the UK. Participants: Fourteen doctors in postgraduate medical specialist training, who self-identified as being from a ME background, were recruited into the study. Results: Doctors from ME backgrounds faced: Conclusions: Focused interventions to address unjust systems as well as improve intercultural awareness and understanding between all doctors may help to address some of the current inequities in medical education. Any such interventions require appropriate evaluation to determine their efficacy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Qualitative Research ; Minority Groups ; Ethnicity ; Scotland ; Physicians
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073733
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: “For us, whatever we do is wrong, until we do something really good”

Peter Johnston / Esther Youd / Kathrine Gibson Smith / Amudha Poobalan / Charu Chopra

BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss

a qualitative study of the lived experiences of doctors from minority ethnic backgrounds in Scotland

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Objectives To evaluate the lived experiences of doctors from minority ethnic (ME) backgrounds during postgraduate medical training, in particular their experiences of discrimination (if any); any impact of intersectionality and perceptions on how ME ... ...

Abstract	Objectives To evaluate the lived experiences of doctors from minority ethnic (ME) backgrounds during postgraduate medical training, in particular their experiences of discrimination (if any); any impact of intersectionality and perceptions on how ME doctors may be better supported in their learning and working environments.Design This was a qualitative study grounded in social constructivism, using semi-structured online individual interviews as the data collection method and an exploratory thematic analysis process.Setting Participants were recruited from postgraduate specialist medical training programmes within one Deanery (Scotland Deanery) in the UK.Participants Fourteen doctors in postgraduate medical specialist training, who self-identified as being from a ME background, were recruited into the study.Results Doctors from ME backgrounds faced: Barriers to authentic interpersonal connections, with a perceived lack of social inclusion in the workplace community. ME doctors faced challenges in earning others’ trust and experienced microaggressions and exclusion behaviours that affected their self-confidence. Impacts on identity and sense of belonging, with perceived challenges in being understood across diverse cultures. Doctors felt negatively pre-judged (by patients and colleagues), with additional challenges of being pre-judged in contexts of intersectionality; and ME doctors felt they needed to conceal parts of their identity in order to assimilate. Unjust systems—a playing field that is not level, where doctors felt unsupported and unable to effectively report/challenge discrimination. ME doctors perceived a lack of appropriate adjustments to the learning environment (e.g., fuller orientation) as well as inequitable processes (e.g., job and academic opportunities for those requiring visas).Conclusions Focused interventions to address unjust systems as well as improve intercultural awareness and understanding between all doctors may help to address some of the current inequities in medical education. Any ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: COVID-19 autopsy in people who died in community settings: the first series

Youd, Esther / Moore, Luiza

J. clin. pathol

Abstract	Here, we report the pathological findings of nine complete autopsies of individuals who died in community settings in the UK, three of which were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), three tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 but are likely false negatives, and three died of other respiratory infections. Autopsy revealed firm, consolidated lungs or lobar pneumonia. Histology of the lungs showed changes of diffuse alveolar damage with fibrin membrane formation, thickened alveolar walls and interstitium with lymphocytic infiltrate, and type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia with shedding into the alveolar space. This series is the first in the world to describe autopsy findings in individuals dying suddenly in the community, not previously known to have COVID-19 infection, and the first autopsy series in the UK. During a time when testing in the UK is currently primarily offered to patients in hospital or symptomatic key workers, with limited testing available in community settings, it highlights the importance of testing for COVID-19 at autopsy. Two deaths occurred in care homes where a diagnosis of COVID-19 allowed the health protection team to provide support in that 'closed setting' to reduce the risks of onward transmission. This work highlights the need for frequent COVID-19 testing in the management of patients in community settings. Comprehensive virology and microbiology assessment is pivotal to correctly identify the cause of death, including those due to COVID-19 infection, and to derive accurate death statistics.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #623167
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 autopsy in people who died in community settings

Youd, Esther / Moore, Luiza

Journal of Clinical Pathology

the first series

2020 , Page(s) jclinpath–2020–206710

Abstract	Here, we report the pathological findings of nine complete autopsies of individuals who died in community settings in the UK, three of which were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), three tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 but are likely false negatives, and three died of other respiratory infections. Autopsy revealed firm, consolidated lungs or lobar pneumonia. Histology of the lungs showed changes of diffuse alveolar damage with fibrin membrane formation, thickened alveolar walls and interstitium with lymphocytic infiltrate, and type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia with shedding into the alveolar space. This series is the first in the world to describe autopsy findings in individuals dying suddenly in the community, not previously known to have COVID-19 infection, and the first autopsy series in the UK. During a time when testing in the UK is currently primarily offered to patients in hospital or symptomatic key workers, with limited testing available in community settings, it highlights the importance of testing for COVID-19 at autopsy. Two deaths occurred in care homes where a diagnosis of COVID-19 allowed the health protection team to provide support in that ‘closed setting’ to reduce the risks of onward transmission. This work highlights the need for frequent COVID-19 testing in the management of patients in community settings. Comprehensive virology and microbiology assessment is pivotal to correctly identify the cause of death, including those due to COVID-19 infection, and to derive accurate death statistics.
Keywords	Pathology and Forensic Medicine ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	BMJ
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	80261-x
ISSN	1472-4146 ; 0021-9746
ISSN (online)	1472-4146
ISSN	0021-9746
DOI	10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206710
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases.

Hanley, Brian / Lucas, Sebastian B / Youd, Esther / Swift, Benjamin / Osborn, Michael

Journal of clinical pathology

2020 Volume 73, Issue 5, Page(s) 239–242

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries across the world including the UK with an increasing death toll. This will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of ... ...

Abstract	The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries across the world including the UK with an increasing death toll. This will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths at autopsy. The Royal College of Pathologists has responded to this concern with the release of a briefing on autopsy practice relating to COVID-19. The following article is a summary and interpretation of these guidelines. It includes a description of hazard group 3 organisms, the category to which SARS-CoV-2 has been assigned, a brief description of what is currently known about the pathological and autopsy findings in COVID-19, a summary of the recommendations for conducting autopsies in suspected COVID-19 cases and the techniques for making the diagnosis at autopsy. It concludes by considering the clinicopathological correlation and notification of such cases.
MeSH term(s)	Autopsy ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pathologists ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80261-x
ISSN	1472-4146 ; 0021-9746
ISSN (online)	1472-4146
ISSN	0021-9746
DOI	10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206522
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 in the abdomen or pelvis: SAFE SURGERY study.

Vimalachandran, Dale / Jones, Robert P / Dickson, Ed / Seehra, Jaspreet / Acheson, Austin / Griffiths, Ewen A / Kamarajah, Sivesh / Leung, Elaine / Torrance, Andrew / Ottensmeier, Christian / Beggs, Andrew D / Whiteside, Ellen / Sanna, Helen / Bury, Danielle / Youd, Esther / Leopold, Gareth / Pugh, Matthew / Sundar, Sudha / Taylor, Graham S

The British journal of surgery

2022 Volume 110, Issue 3, Page(s) 306–309

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Abdomen/surgery ; Pelvis/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2985-3
ISSN	1365-2168 ; 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
ISSN (online)	1365-2168
ISSN	0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
DOI	10.1093/bjs/znac297
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Article: Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases

Hanley, Brian / Lucas, Sebastian B / Youd, Esther / Swift, Benjamin / Osborn, Michael

J Clin Pathol

Abstract	The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries across the world including the UK with an increasing death toll. This will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths at autopsy. The Royal College of Pathologists has responded to this concern with the release of a briefing on autopsy practice relating to COVID-19. The following article is a summary and interpretation of these guidelines. It includes a description of hazard group 3 organisms, the category to which SARS-CoV-2 has been assigned, a brief description of what is currently known about the pathological and autopsy findings in COVID-19, a summary of the recommendations for conducting autopsies in suspected COVID-19 cases and the techniques for making the diagnosis at autopsy. It concludes by considering the clinicopathological correlation and notification of such cases.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32198191
Database	COVID19

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Book ; Online: Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases

Hanley, Brian / Lucas, Sebastian B / Youd, Esther / Swift, Benjamin / Osborn, Michael

2020

Abstract	The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries across the world including the UK with an increasing death toll. This will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths at autopsy. The Royal College of Pathologists has responded to this concern with the release of a briefing on autopsy practice relating to COVID-19. The following article is a summary and interpretation of these guidelines. It includes a description of hazard group 3 organisms, the category to which SARS-CoV-2 has been assigned, a brief description of what is currently known about the pathological and autopsy findings in COVID-19, a summary of the recommendations for conducting autopsies in suspected COVID-19 cases and the techniques for making the diagnosis at autopsy. It concludes by considering the clinicopathological correlation and notification of such cases.
Keywords	Best practice ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01 00:00:00.0
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases

Hanley, Brian / Lucas, Sebastian B / Youd, Esther / Swift, Benjamin / Osborn, Michael

Journal of Clinical Pathology

2020 Volume 73, Issue 5, Page(s) 239–242

Abstract	The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries across the world including the UK with an increasing death toll. This will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths at autopsy. The Royal College of Pathologists has responded to this concern with the release of a briefing on autopsy practice relating to COVID-19. The following article is a summary and interpretation of these guidelines. It includes a description of hazard group 3 organisms, the category to which SARS-CoV-2 has been assigned, a brief description of what is currently known about the pathological and autopsy findings in COVID-19, a summary of the recommendations for conducting autopsies in suspected COVID-19 cases and the techniques for making the diagnosis at autopsy. It concludes by considering the clinicopathological correlation and notification of such cases.
Keywords	Pathology and Forensic Medicine ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	BMJ
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	80261-x
ISSN	1472-4146 ; 0021-9746
ISSN (online)	1472-4146
ISSN	0021-9746
DOI	10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206522
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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