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Article ; Online: Co-development of vulnerability and risk assessment framework and methodology for Nepal.

Regmi, Bimal Raj / Sapkota, Regan / Paudyal, Apar / Gautam, Dilip Kumar / Thapa, Rajan / Joshi, Rojy / Shah, Smriti / G C, Gita / Mishra, Bhogendra

Environmental monitoring and assessment

2023 Volume 195, Issue 6, Page(s) 792

Abstract: Conducting a vulnerability and risk assessment (VRA) is a critical step in adaptation planning and implementation. This research paper has assessed how the co-developed approach helped the Government of Nepal and stakeholders in Nepal to agree on and ... ...

Abstract	Conducting a vulnerability and risk assessment (VRA) is a critical step in adaptation planning and implementation. This research paper has assessed how the co-developed approach helped the Government of Nepal and stakeholders in Nepal to agree on and operationalize the vulnerability and risk assessment framework and what works best for the country's context. The methodological framework consists of eight steps including (i) scoping, (ii) reviewing the framework (iii) identifying data sources (iv) exploring data sources, nature, and character (v) data collection, tabulation, filtration, and normalization (vi) weightage and composite value (vii) analysis of the data (viii) identifying climate change impact, vulnerability, and risk. The output of the vulnerability and risk assessment in Nepal presents a compilation of impacts, vulnerabilities, and risks and a description of their context, root causes, and trends. These research-based assessment can be used to draw some possible adaptation options and improved decision-making at the national and sub-national levels. However, there were some challenges faced in analyzing the vulnerability and risks based on the indicators. There was a lack of a multi-year, complete, and uniform database, and difficulties in developing scenarios of hazards due to unclarity on climate change attribution. The lessons from this paper will be important for designing a more practical and country-driven VRA framework and methodology for other countries.
MeSH term(s)	Nepal ; Environmental Monitoring ; Climate Change ; Risk Assessment ; Adaptation, Physiological
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-023-11330-6
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Article ; Online: Biochemical, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant activities of some wild Mushrooms from Nepal

Pratiksha Chaudhary / Nabin Panth / Bimal Kumar Raut / Nisma Pokhrel / Nita Shrestha / Sajan Shakya / Bijaya Thapa / Akkal Dev Mishra / Niranjan Parajuli

Bibechana, Vol 20, Iss 2, Pp 161-

2023 Volume 174

Abstract: Wild mushrooms represent a crucial dietary staple for many tribal groups throughout the world since they consist of a significant source of bioactive constituents such as phenolic compounds, tocopherol, and act as anti-cancer, anti-allergic, anti-obesity, ...

Abstract	Wild mushrooms represent a crucial dietary staple for many tribal groups throughout the world since they consist of a significant source of bioactive constituents such as phenolic compounds, tocopherol, and act as anti-cancer, anti-allergic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory compounds, etc. Wild mushrooms including Scleroderma citrinum, Heterobasidion annosum, Coriolus hirsutus, Cavimalum indicum, Russula sanguinea, and Suillus punctatipes were studied to evaluate their phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, toxicity and its importance as a source of food along with safety concerns. Initially, the total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total tannin content (TTC) along with antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity were assessed using ethanolic extracts of fungus. Furthermore, a Brine shrimp bioassay was performed, the correlation of which with antioxidant activity, TPC, TFC, TTC, and lethal concentration (LC50) value was shown by principal component analysis (PCA). Secondary metabolites like glucosides, flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and quinones were identified using phytochemical investigations. The TPC ranged from 45.98 to 102.3 mg GAE/g for the extracts, TFC from 100 to 225 mg QE/g, and the TTC was found to vary between 80 to 180 mg GAE/g. The findings of the antioxidant studies demonstrated that S. punctatipes exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 16.95 µg/mL), followed by C. indicum (IC50 = 22.5 µg/mL), and C. hirsutus (IC50 = 35.34 µg/mL). Likewise, S. punctatipes exhibited strong antimicrobial activity as compared to other extracts. The larvicidal efficacy against brine shrimp tests revealed that three mushrooms; C. hirsutus, C. indicum, and S. punctatipes—contain highly toxic substances while the other three are non-toxic and when properly examined can be consumed to some extent.
Keywords	wild mushroom ; phytochemicals ; antioxidants ; antimicrobial ; Technology ; T ; Technology (General) ; T1-995 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among vaccinated healthcare workers

Sanjeeb Kumar Mishra / Subrat Kumar Pradhan / Sanghamitra Pati / Bimal Krushna Panda / Debdutta Bhattacharya / Sumanta Kumar Sahu / Jaya Singh Kshatri

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 11, Iss 5, Pp 1883-

Repeated cross-sectional study

2022 Volume 1889

Abstract: Background: Since the novel SARS-CoV-2 has been detected and the ensuing pandemic, the search for a cure or prevention has been the only target of the medical fraternity. As the second wave racked havoc, vaccines seemed to be the only viable option to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Since the novel SARS-CoV-2 has been detected and the ensuing pandemic, the search for a cure or prevention has been the only target of the medical fraternity. As the second wave racked havoc, vaccines seemed to be the only viable option to stop this global surge. World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequently the Government of India have issued emergency use authorization to two vaccines. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and identify predictors of antibody titers in vaccinated healthcare workers in VIMSAR, Burla. Methods: This is a part of the ongoing, repeated cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled well above the sample size (322) to increase precision. Two rounds of the survey were conducted and are being reported. Serum IgG antibodies against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using Elecsys® anti-SARS-CoV-2S is an immunoassay by ECLIA-based Cobas e411 analyzer. Univariate and multivariate regression were used in statistical analysis. Results: Our results show that 95.1% and 99.5% of the vaccinated individuals have developed antispike protein antibodies after the first and second doses, respectively. Previous COVID-19 infection was significantly correlated with antibody production, and age was negatively correlated. No difference was reported for sex, occupation, and diabetes. Conclusion: Our interim analysis report is coherent with the available literature and research regarding the high efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine as far as seroconversion is concerned.
Keywords	chadox1 vaccine ; healthcare worker ; regression ; sars-cov-2 ; seroconversion ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among vaccinated healthcare workers: Repeated cross-sectional study.

Mishra, Sanjeeb Kumar / Pradhan, Subrat Kumar / Pati, Sanghamitra / Panda, Bimal Krushna / Bhattacharya, Debdutta / Sahu, Sumanta Kumar / Kshatri, Jaya Singh

Journal of family medicine and primary care

2022 Volume 11, Issue 5, Page(s) 1883–1889

Abstract	Background: Since the novel SARS-CoV-2 has been detected and the ensuing pandemic, the search for a cure or prevention has been the only target of the medical fraternity. As the second wave racked havoc, vaccines seemed to be the only viable option to stop this global surge. World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequently the Government of India have issued emergency use authorization to two vaccines. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and identify predictors of antibody titers in vaccinated healthcare workers in VIMSAR, Burla. Methods: This is a part of the ongoing, repeated cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled well above the sample size (322) to increase precision. Two rounds of the survey were conducted and are being reported. Serum IgG antibodies against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using Elecsys Results: Our results show that 95.1% and 99.5% of the vaccinated individuals have developed antispike protein antibodies after the first and second doses, respectively. Previous COVID-19 infection was significantly correlated with antibody production, and age was negatively correlated. No difference was reported for sex, occupation, and diabetes. Conclusion: Our interim analysis report is coherent with the available literature and research regarding the high efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine as far as seroconversion is concerned.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-14
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2735275-4
ISSN	2278-7135 ; 2249-4863
ISSN (online)	2278-7135
ISSN	2249-4863
DOI	10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1671_21
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Article: Mathematical model, forecast and analysis on the spread of COVID-19.

Mishra, Bimal Kumar / Keshri, Ajit Kumar / Saini, Dinesh Kumar / Ayesha, Syeda / Mishra, Binay Kumar / Rao, Yerra Shankar

Chaos, solitons, and fractals

2021 Volume 147, Page(s) 110995

Abstract: Pandemic COVID-19 which has infected more than 35,027,546 people and death more than 1,034,837 people in 235 countries as on October 05, 2020 has created a chaos across the globe. In this paper, we develop a compartmental epidemic model to understand the ...

Abstract	Pandemic COVID-19 which has infected more than 35,027,546 people and death more than 1,034,837 people in 235 countries as on October 05, 2020 has created a chaos across the globe. In this paper, we develop a compartmental epidemic model to understand the spreading behaviour of the disease in human population with a special case of Bhilwara, a desert town in India where successful control measures TTT (tracking, testing and treatment) was adopted to curb the disease in the very early phase of the spread of the disease in India. Local and global asymptotic stability is established for endemic equilibrium. Extensive numerical simulations with real parametric values are performed to validate the analytical results. Trend analysis of fatality rate, infection rate, and impact of lockdown is performed for USA, European countries, Russia, Iran, China, Japan, S. Korea with a comparative assessment by India. Kruskal - Wallis test is performed to test the null hypothesis for infected cases during the four lockdown phases in India. It has been observed that there is a significant difference at both 95% and 99% confidence interval in the infected cases, recovered cases and the case fatality rate during all the four phases of the lockdown.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2003919-0
ISSN	1873-2887 ; 0960-0779
ISSN (online)	1873-2887
ISSN	0960-0779
DOI	10.1016/j.chaos.2021.110995
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Article ; Online: Comparative study of green peas using with blanching & without blanching techniques

Om Prakash Pandey / Bimal Kumar Mishra / Ashok Misra

Information Processing in Agriculture, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 285-

2019 Volume 296

Abstract: This paper attempts to analyze the kinetics involved in the drying of green peas in ‘with blanching’ and ‘without blanching’ techniques. Blanching by hot water mixed with a solution of citric acid (0.1–0.2 mg/ml) at 70 °C–100 °C is the treatment provided ...

Abstract	This paper attempts to analyze the kinetics involved in the drying of green peas in ‘with blanching’ and ‘without blanching’ techniques. Blanching by hot water mixed with a solution of citric acid (0.1–0.2 mg/ml) at 70 °C–100 °C is the treatment provided to the samples of green peas. Experimental analysis shows that the moisture content in green peas of three different sizes is reduced at different temperatures and demonstrates the effect of the rate of drying of the moisture content. Under different diameters and temperatures, the parameters are analyzed using ‘with blanching’ and ‘without blanching’ techniques. It is observed that ‘with blanching’ process plays a significant role in the reduction of moisture content under different temperatures and diameters in a lesser time as compared to ‘without blanching’. The operative activation energy and moisture diffusivity are described by using Fick’s law of diffusion. The calculation of effective moisture diffusivity can be done via the utilization of slope. The drying data is subjected to two models of mathematical nature: Simple Exponential model, and Page model. The performance of these models is examined by means of comparing the coefficient of determination (R2), chi-square (χ2) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the experimental and forecasted value of moisture ratio obtained ‘with blanching’ and ‘without blanching’. The experimental data was seen to be in accordance with the Page model. The comparisons of energy consumption, energy efficiency and also the cost of the drying processes for ‘with blanching’ and ‘without blanching’ have been accomplished to optimize and reduce process condition and the cost of the process, respectively. Keywords: Hot air drying, Green peas, Drying kinetics, Blanching, Fluidized bed dryer
Keywords	Agriculture (General) ; S1-972 ; Information technology ; T58.5-58.64
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Clinical Profiles of Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Sharma Chalise, Shiva Prasad / Kumar Mishra, Santosh / Sharma Chalise, Bimal / Rai, Punam / Paudel, Subash / Kansakar, Prerana / Raj Ojha, Anil

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

2021 Volume 59, Issue 239, Page(s) 667–671

Abstract: Introduction: Nepal is one of the countries which has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic and has resulted in high morbidity and mortality across all age groups including neonates. There has been a paucity of studies regarding maternal to neonatal ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Nepal is one of the countries which has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic and has resulted in high morbidity and mortality across all age groups including neonates. There has been a paucity of studies regarding maternal to neonatal COVID-19 transmission and the published studies also have a poor sample size to reach any definite conclusion. Hence this study was carried out to see the clinical profiles of neonates born to COVID-19 mothers. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was conducted at a tertiary care centre over the period of one year from April 2020 to March 2021 after taking ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee with reference number drs2105211526. Convenient sampling was done. All neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers who were diagnosed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction of the nasopharyngeal swab during the time of delivery were included in the study. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20 using appropriate tools. Results: A total of 105 babies born to COVID-19 positive mothers who were tested for COVID-19 infection were included in the study. Ten (9.5%) (3.89-15.10 at 95% Confidence Interval) of neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers were positive for the COVID-19 virus. All the neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers were discharged home except one case who had other comorbidities. Fever was present in four (40%) of COVID-19 positive neonates. Conclusions: There is a possibility of vertical transmission of coronavirus in neonates although the outcome is favourable.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers ; Pandemics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tertiary Care Centers
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-30
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2209910-4
ISSN	1815-672X ; 0028-2715
ISSN (online)	1815-672X
ISSN	0028-2715
DOI	10.31729/jnma.6808
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Article: A fuzzy EOQ model for deteriorating items with allowable shortage and inspection under the trade credit

Jaggi, Chandra K / Mishra, Bimal Kumar / Panda, T. C

Handbook of research on promoting business process improvement through inventory control techniques , p. 233-249

2018 , Page(s) 233–249

Author's details	Chandra K. Jaggi, Bimal Kumar Mishra, T. C. Panda
Language	English
Publisher	IGI Global, Business Science Reference
Publishing place	Hershey PA, USA
Document type	Article
ISBN	978-1-5225-3232-3 ; 1-5225-3232-3
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article ; Online: Defending against Malicious Threats in Wireless Sensor Network

Bimal Kumar Mishra / Indu Tyagi

International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science , Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp 12-

A Mathematical Model

2014 Volume 19

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks offer a powerful combination of distributed sensing, computing and communication. They lend themselves to countless applications and at the same time constrained by limited battery life, processing capability, memory and ... ...

Abstract	Wireless Sensor Networks offer a powerful combination of distributed sensing, computing and communication. They lend themselves to countless applications and at the same time constrained by limited battery life, processing capability, memory and bandwidth which makes it soft target of malicious objects such as virus and worms. We study the potential threat for worm spread in wireless sensor network using epidemic theory. We propose a new model Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Quarantine-Recovered with Vaccination (SEIQRS-V), to characterize the dynamics of the worm spread in WSN. Threshold, equilibrium and their stability are discussed. Numerical methods are employed to solve the system of equations and MATLAB is used to simulate the system. The Quarantine is a method of isolating the most infected nodes from the network till they get recovered and the Vaccination is the mechanism to immunize the network temporarily to reduce the spread worms.
Keywords	Wireless Sensor Network ; Worms ; Epidemic Model ; Stability ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95 ; Instruments and machines ; QA71-90 ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MECS Publisher
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Clinical Profiles of Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers in a Tertiary Care Centre

Shiva Prasad Sharma Chalise / Santosh Kumar Mishra / Bimal Sharma Chalise / Punam Rai / Subash Paudel / Prerana Kansakar / Anil Raj Ojha

Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Vol 59, Iss

A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 Volume 239

Abstract	Introduction: Nepal is one of the countries which has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic and has resulted in high morbidity and mortality across all age groups including neonates. There has been a paucity of studies regarding maternal to neonatal COVID-19 transmission and the published studies also have a poor sample size to reach any definite conclusion. Hence this study was carried out to see the clinical profiles of neonates born to COVID-19 mothers. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was conducted at a tertiary care centre over the period of one year from April 2020 to March 2021 after taking ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee with reference number drs2105211526. Convenient sampling was done. All neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers who were diagnosed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction of the nasopharyngeal swab during the time of delivery were included in the study. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20 using appropriate tools. Results: A total of 105 babies born to COVID-19 positive mothers who were tested for COVID-19 infection were included in the study. Ten (9.5%) (3.89-15.10 at 95% Confidence Interval) of neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers were positive for the COVID-19 virus. All the neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers were discharged home except one case who had other comorbidities. Fever was present in four (40%) of COVID-19 positive neonates. Conclusions: There is a possibility of vertical transmission of coronavirus in neonates although the outcome is favourable.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; mothers ; neonate ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nepal Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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