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  1. Article: Expérience de la première vague de Covid-19 par les professionnel·le·s de 11 hôpitaux suisses romands.

    Gilles, Ingrid / Perriraz, Margaux / Lesage, Saphir / Rawlinson, Cloé / Peytremann-Bridevaux, Isabelle

    Revue medicale suisse

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 730, Page(s) 514–517

    Abstract: During the first wave of Covid-19, hospital professionals had to quickly adapt their practices and introduce several changes in the organization of work and patient care. In this study, we were interested in how these changes were experienced by the ... ...

    Title translation Experience of the first wave of Covid-19 by the professionals of 11 hospitals in French-speaking Switzerland.
    Abstract During the first wave of Covid-19, hospital professionals had to quickly adapt their practices and introduce several changes in the organization of work and patient care. In this study, we were interested in how these changes were experienced by the professionals of 11 hospitals in French-speaking Switzerland. The results underline the importance of support between colleagues and between services in this crisis, which seems to have been marked by an improvement in interprofessional coordination and collaboration. The support of direct managers also seems to have been crucial but largely dependent on their leadership skills. Respondents emphasized the need for a transparent institutional communication.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Leadership ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Switzerland
    Language French
    Publishing date 2021-03-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2177010-4
    ISSN 1660-9379
    ISSN 1660-9379
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: P and S wave travel time tomography of the SE Asia-Australia collision zone

    Zenonos, Aristides / De Siena, Luca / Widiyantoro, Sri / Rawlinson, Nicholas

    2019  

    Abstract: ... seismogenic regions in the world. Here, we present new 3-D P- and S-wave velocity models of the crust and ... recovered more robustly than S-wave speed variations (~220 km horizontal resolution). The retrieved crust ... lithosphere connects northern Australia with Timor and West Papua. The S-wave model shows broad-scale features ...

    Abstract The southeast (SE) Asia - Australia collision zone is one of the most tectonically active and seismogenic regions in the world. Here, we present new 3-D P- and S-wave velocity models of the crust and upper mantle by applying regional earthquake travel-time tomography to global catalogue data. We first re-locate earthquakes provided by the standard ISC-Reviewed and ISC-EHB catalogues using a non-linear oct-tree scheme. A machine learning algorithm that clusters earthquakes depending on their spatiotemporal density was then applied to significantly improve the consistency of travel-time picks. We used the Fast Marching Tomography software package to retrieve 3-D velocity and interface structures from starting 1-D velocity and Moho models. Synthetic resolution and sensitivity tests demonstrate that the final models are robust, with P-wave speed variations (~130 km horizontal resolution) generally recovered more robustly than S-wave speed variations (~220 km horizontal resolution). The retrieved crust and mantle anomalies offer a new perspective on the broad-scale tectonic setting and underlying mantle architecture of SE Asia. While we observe clear evidence of subducted slabs as high velocity anomalies penetrating into the mantle along the Sunda arc, Banda arc and Halmahera arc, we also see evidence for slab gaps or holes in the vicinity of east Java. Furthermore, a high-velocity region in the mantle lithosphere connects northern Australia with Timor and West Papua. The S-wave model shows broad-scale features similar to those of the P-wave model, with mantle earthquakes generally distributed within high-velocity slabs. The high velocity mantle connection between northern Australia and the eastern margin of the Sunda arc is also present in the S-wave model. While the S-wave model has a lower resolution than the P-wave model due to the availability of fewer paths, it nonetheless provides new and complementary insights into the structure of the upper mantle beneath southeast Asia.
    Subject code 550
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: P and S wave travel time tomography of the SE Asia-Australia collision zone

    Zenonos, Aristides / De Siena, Luca / Widiyantoro, Sri / Rawlinson, Nicholas

    2019  

    Abstract: ... seismogenic regions in the world. Here, we present new 3-D P- and S-wave velocity models of the crust and ... recovered more robustly than S-wave speed variations (~220 km horizontal resolution). The retrieved crust ... with Timor and West Papua. The S-wave model shows broad-scale features similar to those of the P-wave model ...

    Abstract The southeast (SE) Asia - Australia collision zone is one of the most tectonically active and seismogenic regions in the world. Here, we present new 3-D P- and S-wave velocity models of the crust and upper mantle by applying regional earthquake travel-time tomography to global catalogue data. We first re-locate earthquakes provided by the standard ISC-Reviewed and ISC-EHB catalogues using a non-linear oct-tree scheme. A machine learning algorithm that clusters earthquakes depending on their spatiotemporal density was then applied to significantly improve the consistency of travel-time picks. We used the Fast Marching Tomography software package to retrieve 3-D velocity and interface structures from starting 1-D velocity and Moho models. Synthetic resolution and sensitivity tests demonstrate that the final models are robust, with P-wave speed variations (~130 km horizontal resolution) generally recovered more robustly than S-wave speed variations (~220 km horizontal resolution). The retrieved crust and mantle anomalies offer a new perspective on the broad-scale tectonic setting and underlying mantle architecture of SE Asia. While we observe clear evidence of subducted slabs as high velocity anomalies penetrating into the mantle along the Sunda arc, Banda arc and Halmahera arc, we also see evidence for slab gaps or holes in the vicinity of east Java. In the Banda arc, we image the slab as a single curved subduction zone. Furthermore, a high-velocity region in the mantle lithosphere connects northern Australia with Timor and West Papua. The S-wave model shows broad-scale features similar to those of the P-wave model, with mantle earthquakes generally distributed within high-velocity slabs. The high velocity mantle connection between northern Australia and the eastern margin of the Sunda arc is also present in the S-wave model. While the S-wave model has a lower resolution than the P-wave model due to the availability of fewer paths, it nonetheless provides new and complementary insights into the structure of the ...
    Subject code 550
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Direct Inversion of S‐P Differential Arrival Times for VpVs Ratio in SE Asia

    Zenonos, Aristides / De Siena, Luca / Widiyantoro, Sri / Rawlinson, Nicholas

    Journal of geophysical research. 2020 May, v. 125, no. 5

    2020  

    Abstract: Southeast Asia lies within one of the most complex tectonic settings on Earth and exhibits a range of features, including strongly curved subduction zones, arc‐continent collision, and slab break‐off, which are not well understood. To help gain insight ... ...

    Abstract Southeast Asia lies within one of the most complex tectonic settings on Earth and exhibits a range of features, including strongly curved subduction zones, arc‐continent collision, and slab break‐off, which are not well understood. To help gain insight into mantle structure and processes beneath this region, we perform an inversion for variations in Vₚ, Vₛ, and VpVs structure using arrival time information from the ISC‐EHB catalog. The oceanic lithosphere subducting beneath Java is imaged as a positive dVₚ and negative d(Vₚ/Vₛ) anomaly. At 200 km depth, the forearc mantle beneath Sumatra and Java is revealed by positive dVₚ and d(Vₚ/Vₛ) anomalies which cease at Sumba island, where negative d(Vₚ/Vₛ) anomalies mark the presence of cold Australian lithosphere (down to 200–250 km depth) which is colliding with Sundaland. These negative d(Vₚ/Vₛ) anomalies depict a ∼WE trending structure that appears to correspond with the underthrusting of Australian continental crust. One notable salient has a location and shape which appears to coincide with those of ancient terranes or a Gondwana‐related microcontinent reconstructed by paleogeographic studies and may have been entrained in the subduction process. The velocity and d(Vₚ/Vₛ) patterns beneath the Banda Arc support the existence of a single curved subducting slab associated with rollback. The extreme extensional strike‐slip setting in Seram produces the highest positive d(Vₚ/Vₛ) anomalies in the model which may be due to one or more of widespread serpentinization, high concentrations of intraslab fluid‐filled faulting, and mantle upwelling.
    Keywords cold ; geophysics ; models ; research ; subduction ; tectonics ; Indonesia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-05
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ISSN 2169-9313
    DOI 10.1029/2019JB019152
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Constraints on North Anatolian Fault Zone Width in the Crust and Upper Mantle From S Wave Teleseismic Tomography

    Papaleo, E. / Cornwell, D. / Rawlinson, N.

    Journal of geophysical research. 2018 Apr., v. 123, no. 4

    2018  

    Abstract: We present high‐resolution S wave teleseismic tomography images of the western segment of the North ... the current S wave results with previously published P wave teleseismic tomography to produce maps of relative ... terranes separated by the northern (NNAF) and southern branches of the NAFZ. Our results show a narrow S ...

    Abstract We present high‐resolution S wave teleseismic tomography images of the western segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in Turkey using teleseismic data recorded during the deployment period of the Dense Array for Northern Anatolia array. The array comprised 66 stations with a nominal station spacing of 7 km, thus permitting a horizontal and vertical resolution of approximately 15 km. We use the current S wave results with previously published P wave teleseismic tomography to produce maps of relative VP/VS anomalies, which we use to highlight the difference in overall composition of the three terranes separated by the northern (NNAF) and southern branches of the NAFZ. Our results show a narrow S wave low‐velocity anomaly beneath the northern branch of the NAFZ extending from the upper crust, where it has a width of ∼10 km, to the lower crust, where it widens to ∼30 km. This low‐velocity zone most likely extends into the upper mantle, where we constrain its width to be ≤ 50 km and interpret it as indicative of localized shear beneath the NNAF; this structure is similar to what has been observed for the NAFZ west of 32°, and therefore, we propose that the structure of the NNAF is similar to that of the NAFZ in the east. The southern branch of the NAFZ does not show a very strong signature in our images, and we conclude that it is most likely rooted in the crust, possibly accommodating deformation related to rotation of the Armutlu/Almacik Blocks situated between the two NAFZ branches.
    Keywords Turkey (country) ; deformation ; geophysics ; research ; tomography
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-04
    Size p. 2908-2922.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ISSN 2169-9313
    DOI 10.1002/2017JB015386
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Precambrian Plate Tectonics in Northern Hudson Bay: Evidence From P and S Wave Seismic Tomography and Analysis of Source Side Effects in Relative Arrival‐Time Data Sets

    Liddell, Mitch V. / Bastow, Ian / Rawlinson, Nicholas / Darbyshire, Fiona / Gilligan, Amy / Watson, Emma

    Journal of geophysical research. 2018 July, v. 123, no. 7

    2018  

    Abstract: ... we present new P and S wave tomographic models of the mantle seismic structure using data from recent ...

    Abstract The geology of northern Hudson Bay, Canada, documents more than 2 billion years of history including the assembly of Precambrian and Archean terranes during several Paleoproterozoic orogenies, culminating in the Trans‐Hudson Orogen (THO) ∼1.8 Ga. The THO has been hypothesized to be similar in scale and nature to the ongoing Himalaya‐Karakoram‐Tibetan orogen, but the nature of lithospheric terrane boundaries, including potential plate‐scale underthrusting, is poorly understood. To address this problem, we present new P and S wave tomographic models of the mantle seismic structure using data from recent seismograph networks stretching from northern Ontario to Nunavut (60–100∘W and 50–80∘N). The large size of our network requires careful mitigation of the influence of source side structure that contaminates our relative arrival time residuals. Our tomographic models reveal a complicated internal structure in the Archean Churchill plate. However, no seismic wave speed distinction is observed across the Snowbird Tectonic Zone, which bisects the Churchill. The mantle lithosphere in the central region of Hudson Bay is distinct from the THO, indicating potential boundaries of microcontinents and lithospheric blocks between the principal colliders. Slow wave speeds underlie southern Baffin Island, the leading edge of the generally high wave speed Churchill plate. This is interpreted to be Paleoproterozoic material underthrust beneath Baffin Island in a modern‐style subduction zone setting.
    Keywords Archean eon ; Paleoproterozoic era ; geophysics ; research ; subduction ; tectonics ; tomography ; Hudson Bay ; Nunavut ; Ontario
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-07
    Size p. 5690-5709.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ISSN 2169-9313
    DOI 10.1029/2018JB015473
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Titanium Dioxide/Graphene Oxide Composite Coatings for 316 Stainless Steel Dental Implants.

    Al-Noaman, A S / Rawlinson, S F

    The European journal of prosthodontics and restorative dentistry

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 358–372

    Abstract: ... bacterial action of the composite coating was investigated against S. aureus and E. coli ...

    Abstract Stainless steel has been used in orthopedics and orthodontic fields. However, it cannot be used for fabrication of dental implants due to its inertness, low biocompatibility and weak resistance to corrosion. A composite coating of titanium oxide /graphene oxide has been prepared for stainless steel to improve its biological properties. Stainless steel discs were polished, cleaned and pre-treated with a mixture of HNO3 and HF acid for 15 min. The composite coating composed of TiO2 produced by sol-gel technique and doped with 0.75 wt% graphene oxide. XRD, SEM-EDX and AFM were employed to characterize the composite coating. The anti-bacterial action of the composite coating was investigated against S. aureus and E. coli. The corrosion resistance of coated and noncoated samples was assessed in SBF using electrochemical technique. Cytotoxicity was assessed using osteoblast-like cells. The wettability was determined by contact angle, and bioactivity assessed by immersion in SBF. The results revealed that the composite coating was dense with few micro-cracks, and was not cytotoxic to osteoblast-like cells. The composite coating reduced bacterial colonies and the corrosion rate of the steel was improved. The wettability of the sample was increased with the composite coating and apatite formation appeared after 21 days.
    MeSH term(s) Stainless Steel/chemistry ; Dental Implants ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry ; Escherichia coli ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Titanium/chemistry ; Corrosion
    Chemical Substances Stainless Steel (12597-68-1) ; titanium dioxide (15FIX9V2JP) ; graphene oxide ; Dental Implants ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1134782-x
    ISSN 0965-7452
    ISSN 0965-7452
    DOI 10.1922/EJPRD_2511Al-Noaman15
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Polyether ether ketone coated with nanohydroxyapatite/graphene oxide composite promotes bioactivity and antibacterial activity at the surface of the material.

    Al-Noaman, Ahmed / Rawlinson, Simon C F

    European journal of oral sciences

    2023  Volume 131, Issue 5-6, Page(s) e12946

    Abstract: ... was explored against S. aureus and E. coli and cytotoxicity determined utilizing osteoblast-like cells ... Antibacterial activity was moderate, killing 99% of S. aureus and E. coli, with acceptable levels ...

    Abstract Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is considered an alternative material for manufacturing dental implants. However, PEEK lacks bioactivity and antibacterial action. In a series of experiments designed to enhance the surface properties of PEEK, we present a nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and graphene oxide (GO) composite as a coating for PEEK-based dental implants to improve biological properties and antibacterial action. PEEK discs were polished, cleaned, and coated with the composite consisting of nHA particles doped with 0.75 wt% graphene oxide by a micro-emulsion technique according to patent US8,206,813. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were utilized to characterize the composite coating. The wettability of the coated and non-coated samples was assessed by optical contact angle measurement. Antibacterial action of the composite coating was explored against S. aureus and E. coli and cytotoxicity determined utilizing osteoblast-like cells and gingival fibroblasts. The findings showed that the nHA/GO composite coating, approximately 1.3 μm thick, was homogenous with few micro-cracks and adhered to the PEEK surface. The surface roughness was reduced to 21.26 nm and the wettability was improved to 54.6⁰ after coating with the composite coating. Antibacterial activity was moderate, killing 99% of S. aureus and E. coli, with acceptable levels of cytotoxicity to mammalian osteoblast-like cells and gingival fibroblasts.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Dental Implants ; Escherichia coli ; Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology ; Ketones/pharmacology ; Ketones/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Ethers ; Surface Properties ; Mammals
    Chemical Substances polyetheretherketone (31694-16-3) ; graphene oxide ; Dental Implants ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A) ; Ketones ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ethers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1224820-4
    ISSN 1600-0722 ; 0909-8836
    ISSN (online) 1600-0722
    ISSN 0909-8836
    DOI 10.1111/eos.12946
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) dysregulates neurodevelopmental pathways in cerebral organoids.

    Egilmezer, Ece / Hamilton, Stuart T / Foster, Charles S P / Marschall, Manfred / Rawlinson, William D

    Communications biology

    2024  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 340

    Abstract: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading non-genetic aetiology of congenital malformation in developed countries, causing significant fetal neurological injury. This study investigated potential CMV pathogenetic mechanisms of fetal neural ... ...

    Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading non-genetic aetiology of congenital malformation in developed countries, causing significant fetal neurological injury. This study investigated potential CMV pathogenetic mechanisms of fetal neural malformation using in vitro human cerebral organoids. Cerebral organoids were permissive to CMV replication, and infection dysregulated cellular pluripotency and differentiation pathways. Aberrant expression of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRK), sonic hedgehog (SHH), pluripotency, neurodegeneration, axon guidance, hippo signalling and dopaminergic synapse pathways were observed in CMV-infected organoids using immunofluorescence and RNA-sequencing. Infection with CMV resulted in dysregulation of 236 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-related genes (p = 1.57E-05) and pathways. This notable observation suggests potential links between congenital CMV infection and ASD. Using DisGeNET databases, 103 diseases related to neural malformation or mental disorders were enriched in CMV-infected organoids. Cytomegalovirus infection-related dysregulation of key cerebral cellular pathways potentially provides important, modifiable pathogenetic mechanisms for congenital CMV-induced neural malformation and ASD.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Cytomegalovirus/physiology ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/metabolism ; Fetal Diseases ; Organoids/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Hedgehog Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2399-3642
    ISSN (online) 2399-3642
    DOI 10.1038/s42003-024-05923-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Hypothalamic insulin signalling as a nexus regulating mood and metabolism.

    Rawlinson, Sasha / Andrews, Zane B

    Journal of neuroendocrinology

    2021  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) e12939

    Abstract: Insulin has long been known as a metabolic hormone critical in the treatment of diabetes for its peripheral effects on blood glucose. However, in the last 50 years, insulin has entered the realm of neuroendocrinology and many studies have described its ... ...

    Abstract Insulin has long been known as a metabolic hormone critical in the treatment of diabetes for its peripheral effects on blood glucose. However, in the last 50 years, insulin has entered the realm of neuroendocrinology and many studies have described its function on insulin receptors in the brain in relation to both metabolic and mood disorders. Indeed, rodent models of impaired insulin signalling show signs of dysregulated energy and glucose homeostasis, as well as anxiety-like and depressive behaviours. Importantly, many metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes increase the risk of developing mood disorders; however, the brain mechanisms underlying the connection between metabolism and mood remain unresolved. We present the current literature on the importance of the insulin receptor with respect to regulating glucose and energy homeostasis and mood-related behaviours. Specifically, we hypothesise that the insulin receptor in the hypothalamus, classically known as the homeostatic centre of the brain, plays a causal role in linking metabolic and behavioural effects of insulin signalling. In this review, we discuss insulin signalling in the hypothalamus as a critical point of neural integration controlling metabolism and mood.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1007517-3
    ISSN 1365-2826 ; 0953-8194
    ISSN (online) 1365-2826
    ISSN 0953-8194
    DOI 10.1111/jne.12939
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