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Article ; Online: COVID-19 pandemic and challenges for socio-economic issues, healthcare and National Health Programs in India.

Gopalan, Hema S / Misra, Anoop

2020 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 757–759

Abstract: Background and aims: The nationwide lockdown was imposed in India following novel coronavirus pandemic. In this paper, we discuss socio-economic, health and National healthcare challenges following lockdown, with focus on population belonging to low ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: The nationwide lockdown was imposed in India following novel coronavirus pandemic. In this paper, we discuss socio-economic, health and National healthcare challenges following lockdown, with focus on population belonging to low socio-economic stratum (SES). Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. In addition, existing guidelines including those by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and articles from several non-academic sources (e.g. news websites etc.) were accessed. Results: While the nationwide lockdown has resulted in financial losses and has affected all segments of society, the domino effect on health, healthcare and nutrition could possibly pose major setbacks to previously gained successes of National health programs. Conclusion: Apart from firm economic measures, all National Health Programs should be re-strengthened to avert possible surge of communicable (apart from COVID19) and non-communicable diseases. These efforts should be focussed on population belonging to low SES.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/economics ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; Delivery of Health Care/standards ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; National Health Programs/organization & administration ; National Health Programs/standards ; Pandemics/economics ; Pneumonia, Viral/economics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Poverty ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Socioeconomic Factors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2273766-2
ISSN	1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
ISSN (online)	1878-0334
ISSN	1871-4021
DOI	10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.041
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Innovations and proactive political commitment are required to combat diabetes in India and other developing countries.

Gopalan, Hema S / Misra, Anoop

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome

2019 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 39–41

MeSH term(s)	Developing Countries ; Diabetes Mellitus/economics ; Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control ; Health Planning/legislation & jurisprudence ; Health Planning/standards ; Humans ; India ; Politics
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2273766-2
ISSN	1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
ISSN (online)	1878-0334
ISSN	1871-4021
DOI	10.1016/j.dsx.2019.12.006
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 pandemic and challenges for socio-economic issues, healthcare and National Health Programs in India

Gopalan, Hema S. / Misra, Anoop

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews

2020 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 757–759

Keywords	Internal Medicine ; Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2273766-2
ISSN	1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
ISSN (online)	1878-0334
ISSN	1871-4021
DOI	10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.041
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Article: COVID-19 pandemic and challenges for socio-economic issues, healthcare and National Health Programs in India

Gopalan, Hema S / Misra, Anoop

Diabetes Metab Syndr

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The nationwide lockdown was imposed in India following novel coronavirus pandemic. In this paper, we discuss socio-economic, health and National healthcare challenges following lockdown, with focus on population belonging to low ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The nationwide lockdown was imposed in India following novel coronavirus pandemic. In this paper, we discuss socio-economic, health and National healthcare challenges following lockdown, with focus on population belonging to low socio-economic stratum (SES). METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. In addition, existing guidelines including those by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and articles from several non-academic sources (e.g. news websites etc.) were accessed. RESULTS: While the nationwide lockdown has resulted in financial losses and has affected all segments of society, the domino effect on health, healthcare and nutrition could possibly pose major setbacks to previously gained successes of National health programs. CONCLUSION: Apart from firm economic measures, all National Health Programs should be re-strengthened to avert possible surge of communicable (apart from COVID19) and non-communicable diseases. These efforts should be focussed on population belonging to low SES.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32504992
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Nutrition and diabetes in South Asia.

Gopalan, Hema S / Misra, Anoop / Jayawardena, Ranil

European journal of clinical nutrition

2018 Volume 72, Issue 9, Page(s) 1267–1273

MeSH term(s)	Diabetes Mellitus ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; India ; Nepal ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritive Value
Chemical Substances	Dietary Carbohydrates
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639358-5
ISSN	1476-5640 ; 0954-3007
ISSN (online)	1476-5640
ISSN	0954-3007
DOI	10.1038/s41430-018-0219-6
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Article ; Online: Education and screening for obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (including gestational diabetes) "at the doorstep" of women from nine underprivileged urban areas in Delhi National Capital Region.

Gopalan, Hema S / Haque, Intazaamul / Ahmad, Shamshad / Gaur, Ashok / Misra, Anoop

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome

2021 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) 102209

Abstract: Background and aims: Women in underprivileged urban areas have poor access to health and education, making them vulnerable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), specifically diabetes. The current project has sought to focus on this group, to educate and ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Women in underprivileged urban areas have poor access to health and education, making them vulnerable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), specifically diabetes. The current project has sought to focus on this group, to educate and screen this population to prevent and manage obesity and diabetes. Methods: The project was conducted in 9 underprivileged areas of Delhi NCR using a mobile van unit. Women from these areas were invited for health education (this included talks, lectures and distribution of Information, Education & Communication material), screening {anthropometric, blood glucose and blood pressure (BP) measurements} diet counselling sessions and referral of subjects with uncontrolled blood glucose. Results: Baseline survey on knowledge of diabetes and nutrition showed low awareness. Health education sessions (n, 46) included face-to-face discussion and problem solving and distribution of simple pictorial leaflets (n, 3000). The health education sessions were well accepted. In total, 4% women (n,3175/91000- total population, 3056 non-pregnant, 119 pregnant) participated in the research trial. Among non-pregnant women, an average weight gain of 11.8 kg between the ages of 20-40 years was observed. The average BMI and waist circumference (WC) was 26.8 ± 5.3 kg/m Conclusion: Extremely high prevalence of obesity, along with diabetes and hypertension in underprivileged urban women requires intensive individualised and group health education, screening, and counselling "at the doorsteps", as has been shown in our model.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/psychology ; Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis ; Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology ; Diabetes, Gestational/psychology ; Educational Status ; Female ; Financial Stress ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Hypertension/diagnosis ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypertension/psychology ; India/epidemiology ; Mass Screening/methods ; Mass Screening/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/diagnosis ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/psychology ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Urban Population ; Vulnerable Populations ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2273766-2
ISSN	1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
ISSN (online)	1878-0334
ISSN	1871-4021
DOI	10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102209
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Article ; Online: "Diabetes care at doorsteps": A customised mobile van for the prevention, screening, detection and management of diabetes in the urban underprivileged populations of Delhi.

Gopalan, Hema S / Haque, Intazaamul / Ahmad, Shamshad / Gaur, Ashok / Misra, Anoop

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome

2019 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 3105–3112

Abstract: Diabetes is on the rise in India and recently shown to be increasing in the urban underprivileged. Lack of awareness of the disease, its complications, combined with lack of financial resources among the underprivileged, often results in late detection ... ...

Abstract	Diabetes is on the rise in India and recently shown to be increasing in the urban underprivileged. Lack of awareness of the disease, its complications, combined with lack of financial resources among the underprivileged, often results in late detection and more complications in them. To combat this, healthcare delivered at the doorstep through the use of a customised mobile medical van is a potentially attractive option. We used a customized mobile van (included trained personnel, glucose meters, fundus evaluation camera, apparatus for detection of neuropathy and foot circulation and net enabled Skype calling for remote consultation) for educating general population regarding healthy lifestyle and screening, management and intervention in patients with diabetes. The project covered 10 underprivileged areas (n, 2,31,000 people) in Delhi. Total of 24,072 individuals (10.9% of total population) attended 352 awareness sessions. A total 3,12,347 visits (included repeat visits) were carried out for screening, education and management for obesity and diabetes. During screening (n, 16,834), 2933 subjects (18.7%) had high random blood glucose levels (>200 mg/dL) and had a blood pressure averaging 127.1 ± 23.6/81.3 ± 16.6 mm of mercury (n, 16,339). A pre-post intensive lifestyle counselling for 6 months in a subset of 352 diabetic patients (of which 77.8% i.e. n, 274 were overweight/obese) showed a significant lowering in weight (p < 0.001). In addition, 292 frontline workers and 256 paramedical workers were given training regarding lifestyle and diabetes, over 20 sessions. Based on achievements of this project of spreading awareness, screening, and management of diabetes and obesity in the large number of individuals in urban underprivileged colony, we believe this project could be extended to other cities and rural areas of India, and to other developing countries as well.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mobile Health Units ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2273766-2
ISSN	1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
ISSN (online)	1878-0334
ISSN	1871-4021
DOI	10.1016/j.dsx.2019.11.008
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Article: Assessment of nutritional status in Indian preschool children using WHO 2006 Growth Standards.

Ramachandran, Prema / Gopalan, Hema S

The Indian journal of medical research

2011 Volume 134, Page(s) 47–53

Abstract: Background & objectives: This study attempts to compare the pattern of growth of Indian children as assessed by weight for age, height for age and BMI for age with the WHO standards for growth (2006) and to explore the implications of differences in ... ...

Abstract	Background & objectives: This study attempts to compare the pattern of growth of Indian children as assessed by weight for age, height for age and BMI for age with the WHO standards for growth (2006) and to explore the implications of differences in undernutrition rates in the 0-59 months of age group as assessed by these three indices. Methods: From the National Family Health Survey-3 database, growth curves for height, weight and BMI for age in Indian preschool children were computed using LMS software and compared with the WHO (2006) standards. Using the WHO (2006) standards, trends in prevalence of undernutrition as assessed by height, weight and BMI for age in the 0-59 month age group were computed. Results: During the first three months there was no increase in underweight and stunting rates. There was progressive increase in underweight and stunting rates between 3-23 months of age. Low BMI for age and wasting rates were highest at birth. Interpretation & conclusions: Poor growth is an adaptation to chronic low energy intake and stunting is a measure of cumulative impact of chronic energy deficiency on linear growth. It is important to prevent stunting because it is not readily reversible. Low BMI is an indictor of current energy deficit. Early detection of energy deficit using BMI for age and expeditious interventions to correct the deficit might be effective in prevention of stunting.
MeSH term(s)	Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child Development ; Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Reference Standards ; World Health Organization
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-08-01
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390883-5
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Undernutrition & risk of infections in preschool children.

Ramachandran, Prema / Gopalan, Hema S

The Indian journal of medical research

2009 Volume 130, Issue 5, Page(s) 579–583

Abstract: Background & objective: It is well documented that in preschool children undernutrition is associated with immune depression and increased risk of infections; infections aggravate undernutrition. Underweight is the most widely used indicator for ... ...

Abstract	Background & objective: It is well documented that in preschool children undernutrition is associated with immune depression and increased risk of infections; infections aggravate undernutrition. Underweight is the most widely used indicator for assessment of undernutrition for investigating undernutrition and infection interactions. In India, nearly half the children are stunted and underweight; but majority of children have appropriate weight for their height and less than a fifth are wasted. The present study was undertaken to explore which of the five anthropometric indices for assessment of undernutrition (weight for age, height for age, wasting, BMI for age, and wasting and stunting with low BMI) is associated with more consistent and higher risk of morbidity due to infection in preschool children. Methods: The National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3) database provided the following information in 56,438 preschool children: age, sex, weight, height, infant and young child feeding practices and morbidity due to infections in the last fortnight. Relative risk (RR) of morbidity due to infections was computed in infants and children with stunting, underweight, low BMI for age, wasting and stunting with low BMI (< mean-2SD of WHO 2006 standards). Results: Comparison of the RR for infections in undernourished children showed that the relative risk of morbidity due to infections was higher and more consistently seen in children with low BMI and wasting as compared to stunting or underweight. The small group of children who had stunting with wasting had the highest relative risk of morbidity due to infection. Interpretation & conclusion: In Indian preschool children, RR for infection was more consistently associated with BMI for age and wasting as compared to weight for age and height for age. Low BMI for age and wasting indicate current energy deficit; early detection and correction of the current energy deficit might reduce the risk of infection and also enable the child to continue in his/her growth trajectory for weight and height.
MeSH term(s)	Body Mass Index ; Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology ; Child Nutrition Disorders/pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Infant ; Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology ; Infant Nutrition Disorders/pathology ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection/epidemiology ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Risk Factors ; Thinness/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-11
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390883-5
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Setting priorities in child health research in India for 2016-2025: a CHNRI exercise undertaken by the Indian Council for Medical Research and INCLEN Trust.

Wazny, Kerri / Arora, Narendra K / Mohapatra, Archisman / Gopalan, Hema S / Das, Manoj K / Nair, Mkc / Bavdekar, Sandeep / Rasaily, Reeta / Thavaraj, Vasantha / Roy, Malabika / Shekhar, Chander / Kumar, Rakesh / Katoch, Vishwa M / Rudan, Igor / Black, Robert E / Swaminathan, Soumya

Journal of global health

2019 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 20701

Abstract: Background: Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDGs) mobilised countries to reduce child mortality by two thirds the 1990 rate in 2015. While India did not reach MDG 4, it considerably reduced child mortality in the MDG-era. Efficient and targeted ... ...

Abstract	Background: Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDGs) mobilised countries to reduce child mortality by two thirds the 1990 rate in 2015. While India did not reach MDG 4, it considerably reduced child mortality in the MDG-era. Efficient and targeted interventions and adequate monitoring are necessary to further progress in improvements to child health. Looking forward to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-era, the Indian Council of Medical Research and The INCLEN Trust International conducted a national research priority setting exercise for maternal, child, newborn health, and maternal and child nutrition. Here, results are reported for child health. Methods: The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method for research priority setting was employed. Research ideas were crowd-sourced from a network of child health experts from across India; these were refined and consolidated into research options (ROs) which were scored against five weighted criteria to arrive weighted Research Priority Scores (wRPS). National and regional priority lists were prepared. Results: 90 experts contributed 596 ideas that were consolidated into 101 research options (ROs). These were scored by 233 experts nationwide. National wRPS for ROs ranged between 0.92 and 0.51. The majority of the top research priorities related to development of cost-effective interventions and their implementation, and impact evaluations, improving data quality; and monitoring of existing programs, or improving the management of morbidities. The research priorities varied between regions, the Economic Action Group and North-Eastern states prioritised questions relating to delivering interventions at community- or household-level, whereas the North-Eastern states and Union Territories prioritised research questions involving managing and measuring malaria, and the Southern and Western states prioritised research questions involving pharmacovigilance of vaccines, impact of newly introduced vaccines, and delivery of vaccines to hard-to-reach populations. Conclusions: Research priorities varied geographically, according the stage of development of the area and mostly pertained to implementation sciences, which was expected given diversity in epidemiological profiles. Priority setting should help guide investment decisions by national and international agencies, therefore encouraging researchers to focus on priority areas. The ICMR has launched a grants programme for implementation research on maternal and child health to pursue research priorities identified by this exercise.
MeSH term(s)	Biomedical Research/organization & administration ; Child ; Child Health ; Humans ; India ; Research/organization & administration
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-29
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2741629-X
ISSN	2047-2986 ; 2047-2986
ISSN (online)	2047-2986
ISSN	2047-2986
DOI	10.7189/jogh.09.020701
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