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Article: Air‐breathing ecology of Arapaima sp.: Conservation implications for an imperilled fish

Stokes, Gretchen L / Castello, Leandro / Petersen, Thiago A / Cooke, Steven J / Power, Michael / Zuanon, Jansen / Martins, Eduardo G

Aquatic conservation. 2021 June, v. 31, no. 6

2021

Abstract: Arapaima (Arapaima sp.) are highly overexploited fish endemic to the Amazon basin. Because the fish are obligate air‐breathers, it is possible to use surface‐breathing events to count individuals visually for population censuses important for ... ...

Abstract	Arapaima (Arapaima sp.) are highly overexploited fish endemic to the Amazon basin. Because the fish are obligate air‐breathers, it is possible to use surface‐breathing events to count individuals visually for population censuses important for conservation, yet uncertainties remain about body size and environmental influences on air‐breathing intervals, and thus count accuracy. This study examined relationships between breathing intervals and environmental parameters (e.g. water temperature and transparency) and body size for radio‐tagged arapaima (n = 12) in an upland river‐floodplain (Lake Ayapuá, Amazonas, Brazil). Generalized additive mixed models were used to evaluate environmental, size, and behavioural correlates of breathing intervals. Temperature was the most influential predictor of air‐breathing intervals, followed by body size. The shortest breathing intervals were associated with consecutive ‘aggressive’ breaths while the longest breathing intervals had consecutive ‘calm’ breaths. Type of breath, size, and temperature predictors revealed that breathing intervals ranged from 4 to 46 min and were not significantly different among life stages (x¯ = 15.9 min for sub‐adults and adults (>1 m); x¯ = 14.8 min for juveniles (<1 m)). Whereas the current population census method uses fish counts in 20‐min intervals, this study found that 15% of observed breaths, and two thirds of fish, took longer than 20 min to breathe. These findings were obtained in relatively cool‐water environments, so it is recommended that future population census methods consider water temperature (e.g. extend intervals used for counts in cooler waters), which may improve the accuracy of census counts and thus further enhance arapaima conservation efforts. This study demonstrated an effective method in which fundamental biological information is used to inform and improve population census methods for an imperilled fish in a region where traditional stock assessment is ineffective. Similar approaches for adaptive stock assessments could be applied to improve conservation of other air‐breathing fishes (e.g. lungfishes) globally.
Keywords	Arapaima ; basins ; body size ; ecology ; fish ; highlands ; lakes ; radio frequency identification ; water temperature ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-06
Size	p. 1257-1268.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1146285-1
ISSN	1052-7613
ISSN	1052-7613
DOI	10.1002/aqc.3580
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 pandemic impacts on global inland fisheries.

Stokes, Gretchen L / Lynch, Abigail J / Lowe, Benjamin S / Funge-Smith, Simon / Valbo-Jørgensen, John / Smidt, Samuel J

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2020 Volume 117, Issue 47, Page(s) 29419–29421

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to environmental recovery in some ecosystems from a global "anthropause," yet such evidence for natural resources with extraction or production value (e.g., fisheries) is limited. This brief report provides a data-driven ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has led to environmental recovery in some ecosystems from a global "anthropause," yet such evidence for natural resources with extraction or production value (e.g., fisheries) is limited. This brief report provides a data-driven global snapshot of expert-perceived impacts of COVID-19 on inland fisheries. We distributed an online survey assessing perceptions of inland fishery pressures in June and July 2020 to basin-level inland fishery experts (i.e., identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations across the global North and South); 437 respondents from 79 countries addressed 93 unique hydrological basins, accounting for 82.1% of global inland fish catch. Based on the responses analyzed against extrinsic fish catch and human development index data, pandemic impacts on inland fisheries 1) add gradation to the largely positive environmental narrative of the global pandemic and 2) identify that basins of higher provisioning value are perceived to experience greater fishery pressures but may have limited compensatory capacity to mitigate COVID-19 impacts along with negative pressures already present.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/economics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Fisheries/economics ; Fisheries/statistics & numerical data ; Food Insecurity ; Humans ; Pandemics/economics
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2014016117
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A global dataset of inland fisheries expert knowledge

Gretchen L. Stokes / Abigail J. Lynch / Simon Funge-Smith / John Valbo‐Jørgensen / T. Douglas Beard / Benjamin S. Lowe / Jesse P. Wong / Samuel J. Smidt

Scientific Data, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: Measurement(s) Perception • Threats • Adaptive capacity Technology Type(s) Survey Factor Type(s) Fishery location • Demographics Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo sapiens • fish Sample Characteristic - Environment freshwater environment • lake • ... ...

Abstract	Measurement(s) Perception • Threats • Adaptive capacity Technology Type(s) Survey Factor Type(s) Fishery location • Demographics Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo sapiens • fish Sample Characteristic - Environment freshwater environment • lake • stream • wetland ecosystem Sample Characteristic - Location Europe • Asia • Oceania • Africa • South America • North America • Australia Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14749161
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Future for the Inland Fish and Fisheries Hidden Within the Sustainable Development Goals

Vittoria L. Elliott / Abigail J. Lynch / Sui C. Phang / Steven J. Cooke / Ian G. Cowx / Julie E. Claussen / James Dalton / William Darwall / Ian Harrison / Karen J. Murchie / E. Ashley Steel / Gretchen L. Stokes

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a unifying call for change - guiding global actions at multiple levels of governance for a better planet and better lives. Consequently, achieving the “future we want” may be hindered by ... ...

Abstract	The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a unifying call for change - guiding global actions at multiple levels of governance for a better planet and better lives. Consequently, achieving the “future we want” may be hindered by overlooking valuable natural resources and services that are not explicitly included in the SDGs. Not recognizing the direct, intrinsic value of some natural resources may threaten the sustainability of the services they provide and their contributions to the SDGs. Here, we use inland aquatic ecosystems, and the fish and fisheries therein, as an example to explore opportunities for recognition and inclusion of other natural resources that are missing from the SDGs. Key resources absent from the SDGs are less likely to be incorporated in global, national, and regional objectives, dialogues, and policies. We outline multiple potential pathways for better inclusion and capitalization of contributions from these overlooked natural resources during the operationalization of the SDGs and other global instruments.
Keywords	sustainable development goal (SDG) ; SDG (sustainable development goals) ; inland aquatic ecosystems ; inland waters ; inland fisheries ; missing ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A global dataset of inland fisheries expert knowledge.

Stokes, Gretchen L / Lynch, Abigail J / Funge-Smith, Simon / Valbo-Jørgensen, John / Beard, T Douglas / Lowe, Benjamin S / Wong, Jesse P / Smidt, Samuel J

Scientific data

2021 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 182

Abstract: Inland fisheries and their freshwater habitats face intensifying effects from multiple natural and anthropogenic pressures. Fish harvest and biodiversity data remain largely disparate and severely deficient in many areas, which makes assessing and ... ...

Abstract	Inland fisheries and their freshwater habitats face intensifying effects from multiple natural and anthropogenic pressures. Fish harvest and biodiversity data remain largely disparate and severely deficient in many areas, which makes assessing and managing inland fisheries difficult. Expert knowledge is increasingly used to improve and inform biological or vulnerability assessments, especially in data-poor areas. Integrating expert knowledge on the distribution, intensity, and relative influence of human activities can guide natural resource management strategies and institutional resource allocation and prioritization. This paper introduces a dataset summarizing the expert-perceived state of inland fisheries at the basin (fishery) level. An electronic survey distributed to professional networks (June-September 2020) captured expert perceptions (n = 536) of threats, successes, and adaptive capacity to fisheries across 93 hydrological basins, 79 countries, and all major freshwater habitat types. This dataset can be used to address research questions with conservation relevance, including: demographic influences on perceptions of threat, adaptive capacities for climate change, external factors driving multi-stressor interactions, and geospatial threat assessments.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Knowledge
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Dataset ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-021-00949-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Modeling protected species distributions and habitats to inform siting and management of pioneering ocean industries: A case study for Gulf of Mexico aquaculture.

Farmer, Nicholas A / Powell, Jessica R / Morris, James A / Soldevilla, Melissa S / Wickliffe, Lisa C / Jossart, Jonathan A / MacKay, Jonathan K / Randall, Alyssa L / Bath, Gretchen E / Ruvelas, Penny / Gray, Laura / Lee, Jennifer / Piniak, Wendy / Garrison, Lance / Hardy, Robert / Hart, Kristen M / Sasso, Chris / Stokes, Lesley / Riley, Kenneth L

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e0267333

Abstract: Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) provides a process that uses spatial data and models to evaluate environmental, social, economic, cultural, and management trade-offs when siting (i.e., strategically locating) ocean industries. Aquaculture is the fastest- ... ...

Abstract	Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) provides a process that uses spatial data and models to evaluate environmental, social, economic, cultural, and management trade-offs when siting (i.e., strategically locating) ocean industries. Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food sector in the world. The United States (U.S.) has substantial opportunity for offshore aquaculture development given the size of its exclusive economic zone, habitat diversity, and variety of candidate species for cultivation. However, promising aquaculture areas overlap many protected species habitats. Aquaculture siting surveys, construction, operations, and decommissioning can alter protected species habitat and behavior. Additionally, aquaculture-associated vessel activity, underwater noise, and physical interactions between protected species and farms can increase the risk of injury and mortality. In 2020, the U.S. Gulf of Mexico was identified as one of the first regions to be evaluated for offshore aquaculture opportunities as directed by a Presidential Executive Order. We developed a transparent and repeatable method to identify aquaculture opportunity areas (AOAs) with the least conflict with protected species. First, we developed a generalized scoring approach for protected species that captures their vulnerability to adverse effects from anthropogenic activities using conservation status and demographic information. Next, we applied this approach to data layers for eight species listed under the Endangered Species Act, including five species of sea turtles, Rice's whale, smalltooth sawfish, and giant manta ray. Next, we evaluated four methods for mathematically combining scores (i.e., Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean, Product, Lowest Scoring layer) to generate a combined protected species data layer. The Product approach provided the most logical ordering of, and the greatest contrast in, site suitability scores. Finally, we integrated the combined protected species data layer into a multi-criteria decision-making modeling framework for MSP. This process identified AOAs with reduced potential for protected species conflict. These modeling methods are transferable to other regions, to other sensitive or protected species, and for spatial planning for other ocean-uses.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Aquaculture ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Ecosystem ; Elasmobranchii ; Endangered Species ; Gulf of Mexico
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0267333
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: COVID-19 pandemic impacts on global inland fisheries

Stokes, Gretchen L / Lynch, Abigail J / Lowe, Benjamin S / Funge-Smith, Simon / Valbo-Jørgensen, John / Smidt, Samuel J

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has led to environmental recovery in some ecosystems from a global "anthropause," yet such evidence for natural resources with extraction or production value (e.g., fisheries) is limited. This brief report provides a data-driven global snapshot of expert-perceived impacts of COVID-19 on inland fisheries. We distributed an online survey assessing perceptions of inland fishery pressures in June and July 2020 to basin-level inland fishery experts (i.e., identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations across the global North and South); 437 respondents from 79 countries addressed 93 unique hydrological basins, accounting for 82.1% of global inland fish catch. Based on the responses analyzed against extrinsic fish catch and human development index data, pandemic impacts on inland fisheries 1) add gradation to the largely positive environmental narrative of the global pandemic and 2) identify that basins of higher provisioning value are perceived to experience greater fishery pressures but may have limited compensatory capacity to mitigate COVID-19 impacts along with negative pressures already present.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #900116
Database	COVID19

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Article: Techniques for improving estimates of maturity ogives in groundfish using double-reads and measurement error models

Head, Melissa A / Aimee A. Keller / Gretchen L. Stokes / James T. Thorson

Fisheries research. 2016 July, v. 179

2016

Abstract: The reproductive output of a population depends upon physiological factors, including maturation rates and fecundity -at-size and -at-age, as well as the rate at which post-maturation females fail to spawn (i.e. skipped spawning). These rates are ... ...

Abstract	The reproductive output of a population depends upon physiological factors, including maturation rates and fecundity -at-size and -at-age, as well as the rate at which post-maturation females fail to spawn (i.e. skipped spawning). These rates are increasingly included in stock assessment models, and are thought to change over time due to harvest and environmental factors. Thus, it is important to accurately estimate maturation and skipped spawning rates while also including information on imprecision. For this task, we developed a new double-read and measurement-error modeling protocol for estimating maturity that is based on the use of multiple histological reads of ovaries to account for reader error caused by poorly prepared slides, nuclear smear, and early yolk development. Application to three U.S. West Coast groundfishes (Pacific hake Merluccius productus, darkblotched rockfish Sebastes crameri, and canary rockfish Sebastes pinniger) indicates that reader uncertainty is strongly predictive of reader error rates. Results also show differences in rates of skipped spawning among species, which should be further investigated. We recommend that future maturity studies record reader certainty, use models that incorporate covariates into the analysis, and conduct an initial double reader analysis. If readers exhibit little variation, then double reads may not be necessary. In addition, slide quality should also be recorded, so that future studies do not confuse this with reader imprecision. This improved protocol will assist in estimating life history, as well as environmental, and anthropogenic effects on maturity.
Keywords	anthropogenic activities ; coasts ; demersal fish ; environmental factors ; fecundity ; females ; harvesting ; histology ; life history ; Merluccius productus ; models ; reproductive performance ; rockfish ; Sebastes pinniger ; spawning ; uncertainty ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-07
Size	p. 251-258.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	406532-3
ISSN	0165-7836
ISSN	0165-7836
DOI	10.1016/j.fishres.2016.03.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The ten steps to responsible Inland fisheries in practice: reflections from diverse regional case studies around the globe

Reviews in fish biology and fisheries. 2021 Dec., v. 31, no. 4

2021

Abstract: Inland fisheries make substantial contributions to food security and livelihoods locally, regionally, and globally but their conservation and management have been largely overlooked by policy makers. In an effort to remedy this limited recognition, a ... ...

Abstract	Inland fisheries make substantial contributions to food security and livelihoods locally, regionally, and globally but their conservation and management have been largely overlooked by policy makers. In an effort to remedy this limited recognition, a cross-sectoral community of scientists, practitioners, and policy makers from around the world convened a high-level meeting in 2015 at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations headquarters in Rome, Italy to develop recommendations for sustainable inland fisheries management. This meeting resulted in the production of the Rome Declaration, outlining ten key steps needed to achieve responsible inland fisheries. When the Ten Steps were conceived, they were framed in a global context because inland fisheries around the world face similar challenges, and it was hoped that these large-scale and ambitious steps would draw the attention of regional or international bodies for greater investment in their proper management. Most inland fisheries, however, are managed at a local (often community, watershed, or waterbody) scale with the “on-the-ground” practitioners, managers, assessment biologists, and stewardship officers responsible for achieving the promise of the Ten Steps. Here, we reflect on the relevance of the Ten Steps to practitioners using six regional case studies from around the globe (North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa) to identify the extent to which existing efforts align with the Ten Steps and where there are opportunities to do more. Learning what is effective from local/regional actions should better inform a more global “action plan” and provide tangible guidance for implementation recognizing that global guidance needs to be informed by and acted upon by local practitioners. We conclude by considering the common challenges, synergies, and other emergent properties that arise from these case studies, and use these as a path forward to advancing responsible management of inland fisheries through the Rome Declaration. Of particular importance is the need to balance the high-level aspirational goals of the Ten Steps with the local cultural, socio-economic, and institutional realities that ultimately influence how humans interact with fisheries resources and aquatic ecosystems. This assessment provides valuable information on how to refine and implement the Ten Steps recognizing that success will require coordinated efforts among on-the-ground practitioners, scientists, stakeholders, rightsholders and international decision makers.
Keywords	Food and Agriculture Organization ; fish ; food security ; issues and policy ; socioeconomics ; stakeholders ; surface water ; watersheds ; Africa ; Asia ; Australia ; Italy ; North America ; South America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 843-877.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	1498719-3
ISSN	1573-5184 ; 0960-3166
ISSN (online)	1573-5184
ISSN	0960-3166
DOI	10.1007/s11160-021-09664-w
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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