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Article ; Online: The memory and identity theory of ICD-11 complex posttraumatic stress disorder.

Hyland, Philip / Shevlin, Mark / Brewin, Chris R

2023 Volume 130, Issue 4, Page(s) 1044–1065

Abstract: The 11th version of ... ...

Abstract	The 11th version of the
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; International Classification of Diseases ; Personality ; Self Concept
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209907-x
ISSN	1939-1471 ; 0033-295X
ISSN (online)	1939-1471
ISSN	0033-295X
DOI	10.1037/rev0000418
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Article ; Online: Assessing the validity and reliability of the International Anxiety Questionnaire and the International Depression Questionnaire in two bereaved national samples.

Hyland, Philip / Redican, Enya / Karatzias, Thanos / Shevlin, Mark

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

2023

Abstract: The International Anxiety Questionnaire (IAQ) and International Depression Questionnaire (IDQ) are self-report measures of ICD-11 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (ICD-11 GAD) and ICD-11 Single Episode Depressive Disorder (ICD-11 DD). This study tested the ... ...

Abstract	The International Anxiety Questionnaire (IAQ) and International Depression Questionnaire (IDQ) are self-report measures of ICD-11 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (ICD-11 GAD) and ICD-11 Single Episode Depressive Disorder (ICD-11 DD). This study tested the psychometric properties of these scales in two samples of bereaved adults from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the combined dimensionality and measurement invariance of the IAQ and IDQ across the United Kingdom (n = 1012) and Irish (n = 1011) samples. Differential item functioning (DIF) was tested using multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) modelling while convergent validity was also assessed. CFA results supported a correlated two-factor model in both samples. The MIMIC model showed that the IDQ item "Had recurrent thoughts of death or suicide" showed DIF and the effect was small. Internal reliability of the scales were high and convergent validity was supported. The prevalence of ICD-11 GAD was 18.6% and 16.1% and ICD-11 DD was 13.8% and 10.5% in the United Kingdom and Irish samples, respectively. Findings of the study provide support for the validity, measurement invariance, and reliability of the IAQ and IDQ among two bereaved national samples.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1169313-7
ISSN	1099-0879 ; 1063-3995
ISSN (online)	1099-0879
ISSN	1063-3995
DOI	10.1002/cpp.2917
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Article ; Online: The International Grief Questionnaire (IGQ): A new measure of ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder.

Hyland, Philip / Redican, Enya / Karatzias, Thanos / Shevlin, Mark

Journal of traumatic stress

2023 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 141–153

Abstract: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is included in the 11th version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11). This study sought to test the validity and reliability of a new brief measure to screen for ... ...

Abstract	Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is included in the 11th version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11). This study sought to test the validity and reliability of a new brief measure to screen for ICD-11 PGD-the International Grief Questionnaire (IGQ). The psychometric properties of the IGQ were tested using data collected from two bereaved samples of adults from the United Kingdom (n = 1,012) and Ireland (n = 1,011). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that a correlated two-factor model best captured the latent dimensionality of the IGQ in both samples. Estimates of internal reliability were high, whereas the convergent and concurrent validity of the scale were supported through strong associations with external measures. Measurement invariance and differential item functioning testing showed no statistically significant difference in the latent structure of the IGQ nor the functioning of the IGQ items by age, sex, and nationality. For participants who were bereaved for more than 6 months, the rates of probable PGD derived from the IGQ were 10.9% and 15.3% for the Irish and U.K. samples, respectively. The IGQ is a brief, easy-to-use, self-report screening measure that captures all diagnostic criteria of PGD set forth in the ICD-11. Findings from this study provide initial support for the validity, measurement invariance, and reliability of the IGQ among two national samples.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Bereavement ; International Classification of Diseases ; Prolonged Grief Disorder ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Grief ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639478-4
ISSN	1573-6598 ; 0894-9867
ISSN (online)	1573-6598
ISSN	0894-9867
DOI	10.1002/jts.22986
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Article ; Online: The psychological consequences of the Ukraine war: What we know, and what we have to learn.

Shevlin, Mark / Hyland, Philip / Karatzias, Thanos

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica

2022 Volume 146, Issue 2, Page(s) 105–106

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ukraine/epidemiology ; Warfare
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	103-x
ISSN	1600-0447 ; 0001-690X
ISSN (online)	1600-0447
ISSN	0001-690X
DOI	10.1111/acps.13466
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and correlates of ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder among adults living in Ukraine during the war with Russia.

Redican, Enya / Hyland, Philip / Shevlin, Mark / Martsenkovskyi, Dmytro / Karatzias, Thanos / Ben-Ezra, Menachem

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica

2024 Volume 149, Issue 5, Page(s) 425–435

Abstract: Background: Although high rates of bereavement are evident in war-affected populations, no study has investigated the prevalence and correlates of probable ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder (PGD) under these circumstances.: Methods: Participants were ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although high rates of bereavement are evident in war-affected populations, no study has investigated the prevalence and correlates of probable ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder (PGD) under these circumstances. Methods: Participants were 2050 adults who participated in a nationwide survey exploring the effects of the Ukraine-Russia war on the daily lives and mental health of Ukrainian people. Results: Of the total sample, 87.7% (n = 1797) of people indicated a lifetime bereavement. In the full sample, 11.4% met the diagnostic requirements for probable ICD-11 PGD, and amongst those with a lifetime bereavement, the conditional rate of probable ICD-11 PGD was 13.0%. Significant risk factors of ICD-11 PGD included the recent loss of a loved one (6 months to a year ago), being most affected by a partner or spouse's death, loved one dying in the war, no recent contact with the deceased prior to their death, and meeting depression and anxiety diagnostic requirements. Conclusion: The study reveals that a significant percentage of Ukrainian bereaved individuals have probable ICD-11 PGD, and identifying risk factors, particularly war-related losses, will aid in the development of intervention and prevention programs for bereaved adults.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Prolonged Grief Disorder ; Prevalence ; International Classification of Diseases ; Ukraine/epidemiology ; Bereavement ; Grief ; Eastern European People
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	103-x
ISSN	1600-0447 ; 0001-690X
ISSN (online)	1600-0447
ISSN	0001-690X
DOI	10.1111/acps.13678
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and validity of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD: A population-based survey of Hong Kong adults.

Ho, Grace W K / Chan, Ko Ling / Karatzias, Thanos / Hyland, Philip / Fung, Hong Wang / Shevlin, Mark

Asian journal of psychiatry

2024 Volume 96, Page(s) 104045

Abstract: The present study aimed to report the prevalence of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) in the general adult Hong Kong population, and examine the validity of the Chinese International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). This ... ...

Abstract	The present study aimed to report the prevalence of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) in the general adult Hong Kong population, and examine the validity of the Chinese International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). This descriptive cross-sectional population-based telephone survey included a representative sample of 1070 non-institutionalized permanent Hong Kong residents ages 18-64 years. Participants provided responses to the Chinese version of the ITQ, and measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), depression, anxiety, and stress. Based on the diagnostic algorithm of the ITQ, 5.9% of the sample screened positive for either CPTSD or PTSD, with CPTSD (4.2%) being more common that PTSD (1.7%). Results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated the first-order correlated 6-factor model to be the best fitting solution. Symptom cluster summed scores were all positively and significantly correlated with all criterion variables. This investigation established the prevalence rates of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD using a general adult population sample in Hong Kong. The Chinese ITQ demonstrated sound factorial validity and concurrent validity. Future research can further characterize ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD in subgroups using the Chinese ITQ.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2456678-0
ISSN	1876-2026 ; 1876-2018
ISSN (online)	1876-2026
ISSN	1876-2018
DOI	10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104045
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Article ; Online: Multiple trauma exposure and psychopathology in Syrian refugees living in Turkey: A latent class analysis.

Rawers, Caitlyn / Redican, Enya / Alpay, Emre Han / McElroy, Eoin / Shevlin, Mark

Acta psychologica

2024 Volume 245, Page(s) 104220

Abstract: Background: After the Syrian civil war, millions of Syrian refugees migrated to neighboring countries, with the majority settling in Turkey. The prevalence of mental disorders is notably higher among refugee populations. However, prior research on ... ...

Abstract	Background: After the Syrian civil war, millions of Syrian refugees migrated to neighboring countries, with the majority settling in Turkey. The prevalence of mental disorders is notably higher among refugee populations. However, prior research on Syrian refugees have mostly used variable-centred approaches which have known limitations. Thus, the present study sought to examine the occurrence and co-occurrence of traumatic experiences among Syrian refugees living in Turkey using latent class analysis (LCA). Additionally, this study aimed to identify the associations between latent class membership and trauma-related psychopathology. Methods: Participants included 593 Syrian refugees living in Turkey. LCA was used to identify latent classes of trauma exposure. Demographic predictors of the latent classes were examined and associations with PTSD, CPTSD, depression and anxiety were also explored. Results: Three latent classes were identified based on trauma exposure; a "multiple traumas" class, "war and human suffering" class, and "low exposure, combat-exposed" class. Odds of PTSD, CPTSD, depression, or anxiety diagnosis did not differ significantly between classes, with the exception of the "multiple traumas" class who were more likely to meet the criteria for anxiety diagnosis compared to the "low exposure" class. Limitations: Historic psychiatric symptoms or post-migration stressors could not be accounted for in this study, which may explain the lack of significant differences in most mental health outcomes by trauma exposure class. Discussion: The latent classes identified in this study correspond with previous research regarding trauma in Syrian refugees. However, this study largely failed to find significant differences in mental health diagnoses between classes. Future research should consider the effect of post-migration stressors in refugee populations, which may play a crucial role in mental health outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Refugees/psychology ; Turkey/epidemiology ; Latent Class Analysis ; Syria ; Multiple Trauma
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1480049-4
ISSN	1873-6297 ; 0001-6918
ISSN (online)	1873-6297
ISSN	0001-6918
DOI	10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104220
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Article ; Online: Testing the latent structure of ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder symptoms in the U.K. adult population: An exploratory structural equation modeling approach.

Shevlin, Mark / Redican, Enya / Murphy, Jamie / Hyland, Philip / Karatzias, Thanos

Journal of traumatic stress

2023 Volume 36, Issue 6, Page(s) 1077–1089

Abstract: The latent structure of ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder (PGD), as measured using the International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS), was assessed in a large general population sample of bereaved adults from the United Kingdom. Data were derived ... ...

Abstract	The latent structure of ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder (PGD), as measured using the International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS), was assessed in a large general population sample of bereaved adults from the United Kingdom. Data were derived from Wave 5 of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium Study (C19PRC-UK). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was used to assess the latent structure of the IPGDS. Identified factors were explored in relation to known correlates (i.e., gender, age of the bereaved, income, bereavement timeframe, age of the deceased) and functional impairment. Three factors-Loss, Emotional Numbing, and Emotional Reactivity-emerged in the best-fitting ESEM model, χ
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Latent Class Analysis ; Prolonged Grief Disorder ; International Classification of Diseases ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Bereavement ; Grief
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639478-4
ISSN	1573-6598 ; 0894-9867
ISSN (online)	1573-6598
ISSN	0894-9867
DOI	10.1002/jts.22972
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Article ; Online: Translation and validation of the Turkish forms of the International Depression Questionnaire (IDQ) and the International Anxiety Questionnaire (IAQ).

Alpay, Emre Han / Redican, Enya / Hyland, Philip / Shevlin, Mark

Acta psychologica

2023 Volume 238, Page(s) 103988

Abstract: Background: The 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) included revised formulations of single episode depressive disorder (DD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Consequently, the International Depression ... ...

Abstract	Background: The 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) included revised formulations of single episode depressive disorder (DD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Consequently, the International Depression Questionnaire (IDQ) and International Anxiety Questionnaire (IAQ) have been developed as self-report measures which directly align with the ICD-11 description of DD and GAD, respectively. Objective: The current study sought to (1) test the factorial validity of the Turkish translations of the IDQ and IAQ, (2) evaluate their internal reliability, (3) determine how meeting diagnostic requirements for ICD-11 DD and ICD-11 GAD vary across different demographic variables, and (4) determine the convergent validity of the Turkish translations of the IDQ and IAQ. Methods: Participants were a community sample of 1455 Turkish adults and largely comprised of university students. This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the latent structure of both scales. Prevalence rates of ICD-11 GAD and DD were also estimated, and differences in prevalence rates according to gender and relationship status were examined. Results: The CFA results indicated that both scales were unidimensional. Both scales demonstrated high levels of internal consistency. The prevalence of ICD-11 DD and GAD was 26.6 % and 28.5 %, respectively. Rates of probable ICD-11 DD and GAD were highest for females and single participants. Convergent validity was indicated by strong associations with external measures of depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Findings from this study provide support for the validity and reliability of the Turkish versions of the IDQ and IAQ in a large community sample.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Depression/diagnosis ; Depression/epidemiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Anxiety ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Psychometrics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1480049-4
ISSN	1873-6297 ; 0001-6918
ISSN (online)	1873-6297
ISSN	0001-6918
DOI	10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103988
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Article ; Online: Nutrient deficiency profiles and depression: A latent class analysis study of American population.

Owczarek, Marcin / Jurek, Joanna / Nolan, Emma / Shevlin, Mark

Journal of affective disorders

2022 Volume 317, Page(s) 339–346

Abstract: Background: Research into the effects of nutrition on depression is often performed by examining the effects of singular nutrients and dietary styles (e.g.: vegan, Mediterranean). The present study is the first one to establish the effects of patterns ... ...

Abstract	Background: Research into the effects of nutrition on depression is often performed by examining the effects of singular nutrients and dietary styles (e.g.: vegan, Mediterranean). The present study is the first one to establish the effects of patterns of nutritional deficiency within the American population and examines their effects on depression. Methods: Data was drawn from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Latent class analysis was performed to identify homogeneous groups of nutrient deficiency. A 3-step analysis was performed to establish class-dependant differences in depression severity. BCH analysis revealed unique predictors of depression dependant on most probable class. Results: Analysis revealed 4 classes of nutrient deficiency. Magnesium and dietary fibre were the least endorsed. 'Nutrient deprived' individuals showed the highest depression severity (Mean = 4.137, SD = 0.337). Profiles were predicted by different socioeconomic and anthropogenic predictors with meeting minimum calories showing the strongest odds of not being nutrient deprived (OR between 5.44 and 11.11). Overall, age (β = -0.115, p ≤ 0.01) and income (β = -0.147, p ≤ 0.01) were the strongest protecting factors while being female (β = 0.128, p ≤ 0.01) and arthritis (β = 0.130, p ≤ 0.01) were the strongest risk factors. Limitations: The study involved binary variables based on minimum daily intakes and did not account for positive effects of exceeding minimum recommended doses. Conclusions: The study supports the notion of a negative relationship between good nutrition and depression. Finding unique risk factors for depression symptoms supports the utility of nutrient deficiency profiling.
MeSH term(s)	Depression/epidemiology ; Diet ; Dietary Fiber ; Female ; Humans ; Latent Class Analysis ; Magnesium ; Male ; Nutrients ; Nutrition Surveys ; United States/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fiber ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.100
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