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  1. Article: Value-Based Insurance Design: Clinically Nuanced Consumer Cost-Sharing for Mental Health Services.

    Benson, Nicole M / Fendrick, A Mark

    The journal of mental health policy and economics

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 101–108

    Abstract: Background: While consumer cost-sharing is a widely used strategy to mitigate health care spending, numerous studies have demonstrated that even modest levels of out-of-pocket cost are associated with lower use of medical care, including clinically ... ...

    Abstract Background: While consumer cost-sharing is a widely used strategy to mitigate health care spending, numerous studies have demonstrated that even modest levels of out-of-pocket cost are associated with lower use of medical care, including clinically necessary, high-value services. Within mental health care, increases in cost-sharing are associated with reductions in use of mental health care and psychotropic medication use. Further, these reductions in mental health services and treatments can lead to downstream consequences including worsening of psychiatric illness and increased need for acute care and psychiatric hospitalization. Thus, there is a need for clinically informed solutions that explicitly balance the need for appropriate access to essential mental health services and treatments with growing fiscal pressures faced by public and private payers. Value-Based Insurance Design (VBID) describes a model where consumer cost-sharing is based on the potential clinical benefit rather than the price of a specific health care service or treatment.
    Aims of the study: Describe value-based insurance design and applications in mental health care.
    Results, discussion and implications for health policies: For over two decades, clinically nuanced VBID programs have been implemented in an effort to optimize the use of high-value health services and enhance equity through reduced consumer cost-sharing. Overall, the evidence suggests that VBID has demonstrated success in reducing consumer out-of-pocket costs associated with specific, high value services. By reducing financial barriers to essential clinical services and medications, VBID has potential to enhance equity. However, the impact of VBID on overall mental health care spending and clinical outcomes remains uncertain.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States ; Value-Based Health Insurance ; Mental Health Services ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Cost Sharing/methods ; Health Expenditures ; Insurance, Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-11
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1401618-7
    ISSN 1091-4358
    ISSN 1091-4358
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Remodeling Broken Systems: Addressing the National Emergency in Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

    Richards, Misty C / Benson, Nicole M / Kozloff, Nicole / Franklin, Michelle S

    Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

    2023  Volume 75, Issue 3, Page(s) 291–293

    Abstract: A national emergency in child and adolescent mental health was declared in the United States in 2021 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This Open Forum discusses potential solutions to better support child and adolescent mental health by improving or ... ...

    Abstract A national emergency in child and adolescent mental health was declared in the United States in 2021 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This Open Forum discusses potential solutions to better support child and adolescent mental health by improving or expanding school-based mental health services, child psychiatry access programs, virtual mental health services, and new models of care (e.g., integrated youth services hubs and crisis stabilization units). The success of such programs is dependent on stable funding, strong leadership and accountability, robust and well-trained workforces, systems integration, and attention to health equity.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Mental Health Services ; COVID-19 ; Child Psychiatry
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1220173-x
    ISSN 1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
    ISSN (online) 1557-9700
    ISSN 1075-2730
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.20220283
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Self-Pay Outpatient Mental Health Care for Children and Adolescents, by Socioeconomic Status.

    Overhage, Lindsay N / Benson, Nicole M / Flores, Michael W / Cook, Benjamin Lê

    Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

    2024  , Page(s) appips20230524

    Abstract: Objective: Many parents struggle to find mental health care for their children, and many mental health clinicians do not accept insurance payments. The authors aimed to estimate the frequency and cost of self-pay psychotherapy and psychotropic ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Many parents struggle to find mental health care for their children, and many mental health clinicians do not accept insurance payments. The authors aimed to estimate the frequency and cost of self-pay psychotherapy and psychotropic medication management visits for youths and to determine how service use varies by family income.
    Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional analysis was performed among youths ages 5-17 years in the 2018-2020 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Specialist visits included those with psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and mental health counselors or family therapists.
    Results: Approximately one in five of 13,639 outpatient mental health specialist visits were self-pay, with psychologists (23% of visits) and social workers (24% of visits) most likely to see youths on a self-pay basis. Use of self-pay care was strongly associated with higher income, but even families earning <$28,000 per year utilized some self-pay care, at a median cost of $95 per visit. Self-pay visits were associated with slightly lower clinical need than insurance-covered visits, although this measure varied by income.
    Conclusions: The self-pay market for child mental health care potentially exacerbates inequities in access to care by burdening low-income families with high costs. Incentivizing mental health providers to participate in insurance for larger portions of their patient panels, for example, by increasing reimbursement rates and reducing paperwork, may help improve equitable access to mental health care. To the extent that reimbursement rates drive insurance acceptance, the frequency of self-pay mental health visits suggests that mental health services are underreimbursed relative to their benefit to patients and families.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1220173-x
    ISSN 1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
    ISSN (online) 1557-9700
    ISSN 1075-2730
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.20230524
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Insurance Stability of Individuals With First-Episode Psychosis.

    Benson, Nicole M / Carlo, Andrew D

    Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

    2021  Volume 72, Issue 10, Page(s) 1117

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Insurance ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1220173-x
    ISSN 1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
    ISSN (online) 1557-9700
    ISSN 1075-2730
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.2021721001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Association Between Postdischarge Opioid Use and Serious Adverse Events-A Warning Signal From the North.

    Benson, Nicole M / Hsu, John

    JAMA network open

    2021  Volume 4, Issue 5, Page(s) e219707

    MeSH term(s) Aftercare ; Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects ; Humans ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Patient Discharge ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.9707
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Focusing on Digital Research Priorities for Advancing the Access and Quality of Mental Health.

    Torous, John / Benson, Nicole M / Myrick, Keris / Eysenbach, Gunther

    JMIR mental health

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) e47898

    Abstract: Digital mental health solutions are now well recognized as critical to solving the global mental health crisis. As research accelerates, it is now clear that solutions ranging from computer-based therapy programs to virtual reality headsets and ... ...

    Abstract Digital mental health solutions are now well recognized as critical to solving the global mental health crisis. As research accelerates, it is now clear that solutions ranging from computer-based therapy programs to virtual reality headsets and smartphone apps to large language model chatbots are of interest, feasible, and hold exciting potential to improve mental health. This research should now consider the next generation of scientific and clinical questions regarding if these new approaches are equitable, valid, effective, implementable, efficacious, and even cost-effective. This paper outlines several of the new frontiers for the next generation of research and introduces JMIR Publications' partnership with the Society of Digital Psychiatry to further advance these aims.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-24
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2798262-2
    ISSN 2368-7959
    ISSN 2368-7959
    DOI 10.2196/47898
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Prices And Cost Sharing For Psychotherapy In Network Versus Out Of Network In The United States.

    Benson, Nicole M / Song, Zirui

    Health affairs (Project Hope)

    2020  Volume 39, Issue 7, Page(s) 1210–1218

    Abstract: Patients in the US are more likely to receive out-of-network behavioral health care, including treatment for mental health or substance use disorders, than they are to receive other medical and surgical services out of network. To date, out-of-network ... ...

    Abstract Patients in the US are more likely to receive out-of-network behavioral health care, including treatment for mental health or substance use disorders, than they are to receive other medical and surgical services out of network. To date, out-of-network and in-network trends in the prices and use of ambulatory behavioral health care have been seldom described. Here we compare levels and growth of insurer-negotiated prices (allowed amounts), patient cost sharing, and use of psychotherapy services in network and out of network in a large, commercially insured US population during 2007-17. For both adult and child psychotherapy, prices and cost sharing were substantially higher out of network than they were in network. These gaps widened during the eleven-year period. Prices and cost sharing for in-network psychotherapy decreased during this period, whereas prices and cost sharing for out-of-network psychotherapy increased. Use of adult and child psychotherapy increased during this period, driven by growth of in-network rather than out-of-network use. The increasing gap in prices and cost sharing between out-of-network and in-network psychotherapy, viewed in the context of a shortage of behavioral health providers who accept insurance, may limit access to ambulatory behavioral health care.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Cost Sharing ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Mental Health Services ; Psychiatry ; Psychotherapy ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 632712-6
    ISSN 1544-5208 ; 0278-2715
    ISSN (online) 1544-5208
    ISSN 0278-2715
    DOI 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01468
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Drawn Together: a Curriculum for Art as a Tool in Training.

    Davidson, Stephanie M / Benson, Nicole M / Beach, Scott R

    Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry

    2020  Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 382–387

    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence ; Curriculum ; Humans
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1045331-3
    ISSN 1545-7230 ; 1042-9670
    ISSN (online) 1545-7230
    ISSN 1042-9670
    DOI 10.1007/s40596-020-01345-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Electroconvulsive Therapy in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Indications and Special Considerations.

    Benson, Nicole M / Seiner, Stephen J

    Harvard review of psychiatry

    2019  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 354–358

    Abstract: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-tolerated, well-established, and efficacious treatment in adults, particularly in the setting of severe mood and psychotic disorders. In children and adolescents, however, ECT is infrequently administered and ... ...

    Abstract Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-tolerated, well-established, and efficacious treatment in adults, particularly in the setting of severe mood and psychotic disorders. In children and adolescents, however, ECT is infrequently administered and likely underutilized. Results from older studies evaluating the utility of ECT in children and adolescents were mixed, but recent studies have supported ECT treatment success in these patients, with particularly high response rates for treating depression. In this Perspectives, we discuss the current clinical indications for ECT in managing mood and psychotic disorders in children and adolescents. We then review the pretreatment evaluation and management of patients receiving ECT and examine the efficacy of ECT for those indications. We also address issues unique to children and adolescents, versus adults, that need to be considered when determining whether treatment with ECT is appropriate for a patient in this age group. Included in this context are the distinct side-effect profile in children and adolescents, ethical issues regarding informed consent, incorporating the child into the decision-making process when developmentally appropriate, and the need to take into account differing state jurisdictional processes.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child Psychiatry ; Depressive Disorder/therapy ; Electroconvulsive Therapy/standards ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1174775-4
    ISSN 1465-7309 ; 1067-3229
    ISSN (online) 1465-7309
    ISSN 1067-3229
    DOI 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000236
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: COVID-19 testing and patients in mental health facilities.

    Benson, Nicole M / Öngür, Dost / Hsu, John

    The lancet. Psychiatry

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) 476–477

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2215-0374
    ISSN (online) 2215-0374
    DOI 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30198-X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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