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  1. Article ; Online: Adequacy of stationary measurements as proxies for residential personal exposure to gaseous and particle air pollutants.

    González Serrano, Viviana / Lin, Elizabeth Z / Godri Pollitt, Krystal J / Licina, Dusan

    Environmental research

    2023  Volume 231, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 116197

    Abstract: People are exposed to myriad of airborne pollutants in their homes. Owing to diverse potential sources of air pollution and human activity patterns, accurate assessment of residential exposures is complex. In this study, we explored the relationship ... ...

    Abstract People are exposed to myriad of airborne pollutants in their homes. Owing to diverse potential sources of air pollution and human activity patterns, accurate assessment of residential exposures is complex. In this study, we explored the relationship between personal and stationary air pollutant measurements in residences of 37 participants working from home during the heating season. Stationary environmental monitors (SEMs) were located in the bedroom, living room or home office and personal exposure monitors (PEMs) were worn by the participants. SEMs and PEMs included both real-time sensors and passive samplers. During three consecutive weekdays, continuous data were obtained for particle number concentration (size range 0.3-10 μm), carbon dioxide (CO
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis ; Gases ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; Gases ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 205699-9
    ISSN 1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
    ISSN (online) 1096-0953
    ISSN 0013-9351
    DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116197
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Trace analysis of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in dried blood spots - Demonstration of reproducibility and comparability to venous blood samples.

    Lin, Elizabeth Z / Nason, Sara L / Zhong, Alexander / Fortner, John / Godri Pollitt, Krystal J

    The Science of the total environment

    2023  Volume 883, Page(s) 163530

    Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals that have been widely used in consumer, personal care, and household products for their stain- and water-repellent properties. PFAS exposure has been linked to various adverse ... ...

    Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals that have been widely used in consumer, personal care, and household products for their stain- and water-repellent properties. PFAS exposure has been linked to various adverse health outcomes. Such exposure has commonly been evaluated in venous blood samples. While this sample type can be obtained from healthy adults, a less invasive method of blood collection is required when evaluating vulnerable populations. Dried blood spots (DBS) have gained attention as a biomatrix for exposure assessment given the relative ease of collection, transport, and storage. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method to measure PFAS in DBS. A workflow is presented for extracting PFAS from DBS, chemical analysis by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, normalization for blood mass, and blank correction to account for potential contamination. Over 80 % recovery was achieved for the 22 PFAS measured with an average coefficient of variation of 14 %. Comparison of PFAS concentrations detected in DBS and paired whole blood samples from six healthy adults was correlated (R
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Fluorocarbons/analysis
    Chemical Substances Fluorocarbons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163530
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Assessment of children's personal and land use regression model-estimated exposure to NO

    Gao, Dong / Esenther, Sarah / Minet, Laura / De Jesus, Alexander / Hudson, Sarita / Leaderer, Brian / Hatzopoulou, Marianne / Godri Pollitt, Krystal J

    The Science of the total environment

    2023  Volume 892, Page(s) 164681

    Abstract: Ambient nitrogen dioxide ( ... ...

    Abstract Ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis ; Massachusetts ; Seasons ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Air Pollution/analysis
    Chemical Substances Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH) ; Air Pollutants ; Vehicle Emissions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164681
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: PolyMatch: Novel Libraries, Algorithms, and Visualizations for Discovering Polymers and Chemical Series.

    Koelmel, Jeremy P / Stelben, Paul / Oranzi, Nicholas / Kummer, Michael / Godri, David / Qi, Jiarong / Rennie, Emma E / Lin, Elizabeth / Weil, David / Godri Pollitt, Krystal J

    Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    2024  Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 413–420

    Abstract: Polymers are integral components of everyday products, ranging from plastics and emulsifiers to lubricants and detergents. Characterization of these materials at the molecular level is essential to understanding their physicochemical properties and ... ...

    Abstract Polymers are integral components of everyday products, ranging from plastics and emulsifiers to lubricants and detergents. Characterization of these materials at the molecular level is essential to understanding their physicochemical properties and potential health impacts, considering factors such as the number of repeating units, chemical moieties, functional groups, and degree of unsaturation. This study introduces a free open-source vendor neutral software, PolyMatch, designed to annotate polysorbates, polysorbides, polyethylene glycols (PEGs), fatty acid esterified species, and related chemical species based on mass spectral and chromatographic patterns inherent in the repeating nature of chemical moieties. PolyMatch facilitates the generation of MS/MS libraries for polymeric chemical species characterization (with over 800 000 structures with associated fragment masses already built in) and covers the entire liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) data-processing workflow. PolyMatch covers peak picking, blank filtering, annotation, data visualization, and sharing of interactive data sets via an HTML link to the community. The software was applied to a Tween 80 mixture, using LC-HRMS/MS on an Agilent 6546 Q-TOF instrument with iterative exclusion for comprehensive fragmentation coverage. PolyMatch automatically assigned 86 features with high confidence at the species level, 362 based on PEG containing fragments and accurate mass matching to a simulated polymer database, and over 10 000 based on being a member of a homologous series (three or more) with CH
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1073671-2
    ISSN 1879-1123 ; 1044-0305
    ISSN (online) 1879-1123
    ISSN 1044-0305
    DOI 10.1021/jasms.3c00313
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Within-city spatial variations in long-term average outdoor oxidant gas concentrations and cardiovascular mortality: Effect modification by oxidative potential in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort.

    Ripley, Susannah / Gao, Dong / Pollitt, Krystal J Godri / Lakey, Pascale S J / Shiraiwa, Manabu / Hatzopoulou, Marianne / Weichenthal, Scott

    Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

    2023  Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) e257

    Abstract: Health effects of oxidant gases may be enhanced by components of particulate air pollution that contribute to oxidative stress. Our aim was to examine if : Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of participants in the Canadian Census ... ...

    Abstract Health effects of oxidant gases may be enhanced by components of particulate air pollution that contribute to oxidative stress. Our aim was to examine if
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of participants in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort who lived in Toronto or Montreal, Canada, from 2002 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between outdoor concentrations of oxidant gases (O
    Results: PM
    Conclusion: Within-city spatial variations in PM
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2474-7882
    ISSN (online) 2474-7882
    DOI 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000257
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Changes in Sewage Sludge Chemical Signatures During a COVID-19 Community Lockdown, Part 2: Nontargeted Analysis of Sludge and Evaluation with COVID-19 Metrics.

    Nason, Sara L / Lin, Elizabeth / Godri Pollitt, Krystal J / Peccia, Jordan

    Environmental toxicology and chemistry

    2021  Volume 41, Issue 5, Page(s) 1193–1201

    Abstract: Sewage sludge and wastewater include urine and feces from an entire community, and it is highly likely that this mixture contains chemicals whose presence is dependent on levels of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. We analyzed primary sewage sludge samples ... ...

    Abstract Sewage sludge and wastewater include urine and feces from an entire community, and it is highly likely that this mixture contains chemicals whose presence is dependent on levels of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. We analyzed primary sewage sludge samples collected in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry and performed an exploratory investigation of correlations between chemical features and COVID-19 metrics including concentrations of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in the sludge and local COVID-19 case numbers and hospital admissions. Inclusion of all chemical features in this analysis is key for discovering potential indicator compounds for COVID-19, whose structures may not be known. We found correlations with COVID-19 metrics for several identified chemicals as well as many unidentified features in the data, including three potential indicator molecules that are recommended for prioritization in future studies on COVID-19 in wastewater and sludge. These features have molecular weights of 108.0935, 318.1214, and 331.1374. While it is not possible to achieve prediction of COVID-19 epidemiological metrics from the one data set used in the present study, advances in this research area are important to share as scientists worldwide work on discovering efficient methods for tracking SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1193-1201. © 2021 SETAC.
    MeSH term(s) Benchmarking ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sewage ; Waste Water
    Chemical Substances Sewage ; Waste Water
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 46234-2
    ISSN 1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
    ISSN (online) 1552-8618
    ISSN 0730-7268
    DOI 10.1002/etc.5226
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  7. Article ; Online: Characterizing the external exposome using passive samplers-comparative assessment of chemical exposures using different wearable form factors.

    Lin, Elizabeth Z / Nichols, Amy / Zhou, Yakun / Koelmel, Jeremy P / Godri Pollitt, Krystal J

    Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 558–565

    Abstract: Background: Organic contaminants are released into the air from building materials/furnishings, personal care, and household products. Wearable passive samplers have emerged as tools to characterize personal chemical exposures. The optimal placement of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Organic contaminants are released into the air from building materials/furnishings, personal care, and household products. Wearable passive samplers have emerged as tools to characterize personal chemical exposures. The optimal placement of these samplers on an individual to best capture airborne exposures has yet to be evaluated.
    Objective: To compare personal exposure to airborne contaminants detected using wearable passive air samplers placed at different positions on the body.
    Methods: Participants (n = 32) simultaneously wore four passive Fresh Air samplers, on their head, chest, wrist, and foot for 24 hours. Exposure to 56 airborne organic contaminants was evaluated using thermal desorption gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry with a targeted data analysis approach.
    Results: Distinct exposure patterns were detected by samplers positioned on different parts of the body. Chest and wrist samplers were the most similar with correlations identified for 20% of chemical exposures (Spearman's Rho > 0.8, p < 0.05). In contrast, the greatest differences were found for head and foot samplers with the weakest correlations across evaluated exposures (8% compounds, Spearman's Rho > 0.8, p < 0.05).
    Significance: The placement of wearable passive air samplers influences the exposures captured and should be considered in future exposure and epidemiological studies.
    Impact statement: Traditional approaches for assessing personal exposure to airborne contaminants with active samplers presents challenges due to their cost, size, and weight. Wearable passive samplers have recently emerged as a non-invasive, lower cost tool for measuring environmental exposures. While these samplers can be worn on different parts of the body, their position can influence the type of exposure that is captured. This study comprehensively evaluates the exposure to airborne chemical contaminants measured at different passive sampler positions worn on the head, chest, wrist, and foot. Findings provide guidance on sampler placement based on chemicals and emission sources of interest.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Exposome ; Environmental Exposure ; Household Products ; Wearable Electronic Devices
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2218551-3
    ISSN 1559-064X ; 1559-0631
    ISSN (online) 1559-064X
    ISSN 1559-0631
    DOI 10.1038/s41370-022-00456-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Dried blood spots for the identification of bio-accumulating organic compounds: current challenges and future perspectives.

    Jobst, Karl J / Arora, Anmol / Pollitt, Krystal Godri / Sled, John G

    Current opinion in environmental science & health

    2020  Volume 15, Page(s) 66–73

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract The
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2468-5844
    ISSN (online) 2468-5844
    DOI 10.1016/j.coesh.2020.07.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Novel perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) discovered in whole blood using automated non-targeted analysis of dried blood spots.

    Koelmel, Jeremy P / Lin, Elizabeth Z / Parry, Emily / Stelben, Paul / Rennie, Emma E / Godri Pollitt, Krystal J

    The Science of the total environment

    2023  Volume 883, Page(s) 163579

    Abstract: A small subset of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are routinely screened in human blood. These compounds generally explain <50 % of the total PFAS in human blood. The percentage of known PFAS in human blood has been decreasing as replacement ... ...

    Abstract A small subset of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are routinely screened in human blood. These compounds generally explain <50 % of the total PFAS in human blood. The percentage of known PFAS in human blood has been decreasing as replacement PFAS and more complex PFAS chemistries are introduced to the market. Most of these novel PFAS have not been previously identified. Non-targeted methods are required to characterize this "dark matter" PFAS. Our objective was to apply non-targeted PFAS analysis to human blood to gain an understanding about the sources, concentrations, and toxicity of these compounds. A high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS) and software workflow for PFAS characterization in dried blood spots is reported. Dried blood spots are a less invasive collection technique compared to venous blood draws, allowing collection from vulnerable populations. Biorepositories of archived dried blood spots are available internationally from newborns and present opportunities to study prenatal exposure to PFAS. In this study, dried blood spot cards were analyzed using iterative MS/MS by liquid chromatography HRMS. Data processing was conducted using FluoroMatch Suite including a visualizer tool that presents homologous series, retention time vs m/z plots, MS/MS spectra, feature tables, annotations, and fragments for fragment screening. The researcher performing data-processing and annotation was blinded to the fact that standards were spiked in, and was able to annotate 95 % of standards spiked on dried blood spot samples, signifying a low false negative rate using FluoroMatch Suite. A total of 28 PFAS (20 standards and 4 exogenous compounds) were detected across five homologous series with Schymanski Level 2 confidence. Of these 4, 3 were perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECA), a chemical class of PFAS which is increasingly being detected in environmental and biological matrices but is not currently screened in most targeted analysese. A further 86 potential PFAS were detected using fragment screening. PFAS are extremely persistent and widespread yet remain largely unregulated. Our findings will contribute to an improved an understanding of exposures. Application of these methods in environmental epidemiology studies have the potential to inform policy with regards to PFAS monitoring, regulation, and individual-level mitigation strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Carboxylic Acids ; Ethers ; Fluorocarbons/analysis
    Chemical Substances Carboxylic Acids ; Ethers ; Fluorocarbons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-24
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163579
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Adequacy of stationary measurements as proxies for residential personal exposure to gaseous and particle air pollutants

    González Serrano, Viviana / Lin, Elizabeth Z. / Godri Pollitt, Krystal J. / Licina, Dusan

    Environmental Research. 2023 Aug., v. 231 p.116197-

    2023  

    Abstract: People are exposed to myriad of airborne pollutants in their homes. Owing to diverse potential sources of air pollution and human activity patterns, accurate assessment of residential exposures is complex. In this study, we explored the relationship ... ...

    Abstract People are exposed to myriad of airborne pollutants in their homes. Owing to diverse potential sources of air pollution and human activity patterns, accurate assessment of residential exposures is complex. In this study, we explored the relationship between personal and stationary air pollutant measurements in residences of 37 participants working from home during the heating season. Stationary environmental monitors (SEMs) were located in the bedroom, living room or home office and personal exposure monitors (PEMs) were worn by the participants. SEMs and PEMs included both real-time sensors and passive samplers. During three consecutive weekdays, continuous data were obtained for particle number concentration (size range 0.3-10 μm), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), while passive samplers collected integrated measures of 36 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The personal cloud effect was detected in >80% of the participants for CO₂ and >50% participants for PM₁₀. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that a single CO₂ monitor placed in the bedroom efficiently represented personal exposure to CO₂ (R² = 0.90) and moderately so for PM₁₀ (R² = 0.55). Adding a second or third sensor in a residence did not lead to improved exposure estimates for CO₂, with only 6-9% improvement for particles. Selecting data from SEMs when participants were in the same room improved personal exposure estimates by 33% for CO₂ and 5% for particles. Out of 36 detected VOCs and SVOCs, 13 had at least 50% higher concentrations in personal versus stationary samples. Findings from this study aid improved understanding of the complex dynamics of gaseous and particle pollutants and their sources in residences, and could support the development of refined procedures for residential air quality monitoring and inhalation exposure assessment.
    Keywords air ; air pollutants ; air pollution ; air quality ; carbon dioxide ; exposure assessment ; humans ; inhalation exposure ; regression analysis ; research ; volatile organic compounds ; Residential air quality ; Indoor sources ; Spatial variation ; Sensor placement ; Personal cloud
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-08
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 205699-9
    ISSN 1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
    ISSN (online) 1096-0953
    ISSN 0013-9351
    DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116197
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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