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  1. Article ; Online: Pathophysiology of COPD.

    Leap, Jennifer / Arshad, Obaid / Cheema, Tariq / Balaan, Marvin

    Critical care nursing quarterly

    2020  Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 2–8

    Abstract: This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including the physiological mechanisms that are known precursors. The roles of environmental and genetic causes are considered. α1-Antitrypsin deficiency is ...

    Abstract This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including the physiological mechanisms that are known precursors. The roles of environmental and genetic causes are considered. α1-Antitrypsin deficiency is also discussed as it relates to the development of airflow obstruction.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lung/physiopathology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639095-x
    ISSN 1550-5111 ; 0887-9303
    ISSN (online) 1550-5111
    ISSN 0887-9303
    DOI 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000334
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: COVID-19: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Transmission, Symptoms.

    Leap, Jennifer / Villgran, Vipin / Cheema, Tariq

    Critical care nursing quarterly

    2020  Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 338–342

    Abstract: COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus known as SARS-CoV2. This virus may lead to asymptomatic cases, mild illness, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here we describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, transmission, and symptoms of the virus. ...

    Abstract COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus known as SARS-CoV2. This virus may lead to asymptomatic cases, mild illness, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here we describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, transmission, and symptoms of the virus.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Symptom Assessment
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639095-x
    ISSN 1550-5111 ; 0887-9303
    ISSN (online) 1550-5111
    ISSN 0887-9303
    DOI 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000319
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: COVID-19 ; Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Transmission, Symptoms

    Leap, Jennifer / Villgran, Vipin / Cheema, Tariq

    Critical Care Nursing Quarterly

    2020  Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 338–342

    Keywords Critical Care ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 639095-x
    ISSN 0887-9303
    ISSN 0887-9303
    DOI 10.1097/cnq.0000000000000319
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: COVID-19: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Transmission, Symptoms

    Leap, Jennifer / Villgran, Vipin / Cheema, Tariq

    Crit Care Nurs Q

    Abstract: COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus known as SARS-CoV2. This virus may lead to asymptomatic cases, mild illness, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here we describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, transmission, and symptoms of the virus. ...

    Abstract COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus known as SARS-CoV2. This virus may lead to asymptomatic cases, mild illness, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here we describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, transmission, and symptoms of the virus.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #729214
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article ; Online: Paralytics, Sedation, and Steroids in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

    Leap, Jennifer / Hill, Jared / Patel, Kaushal / Shah, Arpan / Dumont, Tiffany

    Critical care nursing quarterly

    2019  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 376–391

    Abstract: In this article, we discuss the literature behind the use of paralytics, sedation, and steroids in acute respiratory distress syndrome. We explore the controversies and discuss the recommendations for the use of these agents. ...

    Abstract In this article, we discuss the literature behind the use of paralytics, sedation, and steroids in acute respiratory distress syndrome. We explore the controversies and discuss the recommendations for the use of these agents.
    MeSH term(s) Adjuvants, Anesthesia/therapeutic use ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Atracurium/administration & dosage ; Atracurium/analogs & derivatives ; Critical Care Nursing ; Guideline Adherence/standards ; Humans ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/therapeutic use ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Adjuvants, Anesthesia ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Atracurium (2GQ1IRY63P) ; cisatracurium (QX62KLI41N)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639095-x
    ISSN 1550-5111 ; 0887-9303
    ISSN (online) 1550-5111
    ISSN 0887-9303
    DOI 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000278
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

    Baqdunes, Mohammad Wisam / Leap, Jennifer / Young, Meilin / Kaura, Amit / Cheema, Tariq

    Critical care nursing quarterly

    2020  Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 74–90

    Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and results in an economic and social burden that is both substantial and increasing. The natural history of COPD is punctuated by exacerbations, which ... ...

    Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and results in an economic and social burden that is both substantial and increasing. The natural history of COPD is punctuated by exacerbations, which have major short- and long-term implications on the patient and health care system. Evidence-based guidelines stipulate that early detection and prompt treatment of exacerbations are essential to ensure optimal outcomes and to reduce the burden of COPD. In this review, we provide a concise overview of COPD exacerbations and their risk factors and etiology (infection vs noninfectious), outlining the initial evaluation, triaging, and current management including invasive and noninvasive ventilation, in addition to the prognosis and the preventive strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639095-x
    ISSN 1550-5111 ; 0887-9303
    ISSN (online) 1550-5111
    ISSN 0887-9303
    DOI 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000341
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Definition, Causes, and Pathophysiology.

    Virani, Ahmed / Ma, Kiet / Leap, Jennifer / Dumont, Tiffany / Hertel, Joshua / Singh, Ashley / Cheema, Tariq

    Critical care nursing quarterly

    2019  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 344–348

    Abstract: First successfully described in 1967, acute respiratory distress syndrome has since garnered much interest and debate. Extensive studies and clinical trials have been carried out in efforts to address the associated high mortality; however, it remains a ... ...

    Abstract First successfully described in 1967, acute respiratory distress syndrome has since garnered much interest and debate. Extensive studies and clinical trials have been carried out in efforts to address the associated high mortality; however, it remains a significant burden on health care. Despite the heterogeneous etiologies that lead to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, this rapidly progressing form of respiratory failure, characterized by severe hypoxemia and nonhydrostatic pulmonary edema, has a recognizable pattern of lung injury. In this chapter, we will review the clinical manifestations, definitions, causes, and a brief overview of the pathophysiology of this complex syndrome.
    MeSH term(s) Critical Care Nursing ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Humans ; Hypoxia/etiology ; Pulmonary Edema/etiology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/diagnosis ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/nursing ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/physiopathology ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639095-x
    ISSN 1550-5111 ; 0887-9303
    ISSN (online) 1550-5111
    ISSN 0887-9303
    DOI 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000274
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: How domesticity dictates behaviour in the birth space: Lessons for designing birth environments in institutions wanting to promote a positive experience of birth.

    Mondy, T / Fenwick, Jennifer / Leap, Nicky / Foureur, Maralyn

    Midwifery

    2016  Volume 43, Page(s) 37–47

    Abstract: Background: limited efforts have been made to understand the complex relationships between women's experiences of birth and the influence of the design and environment of a birth space. Domestic aesthetics in a birth space are believed to be an ... ...

    Abstract Background: limited efforts have been made to understand the complex relationships between women's experiences of birth and the influence of the design and environment of a birth space. Domestic aesthetics in a birth space are believed to be an important aspect of optimal birth unit design.
    Aim: to explore the concept of domesticity within the birth space. The specific objectives were to explore, describe and compare birth spaces with different domestic characteristics and subsequently, how laboring women worked within these spaces during the labour process. This project was situated within a larger ongoing body of work exploring birth unit design.
    Method: a qualitative approach, using the techniques of video ethnography and reflexive interviewing, was used. Video data consisted of films of the labours of six Australian women who gave birth in 2012. Filming took place in two different tertiary hospitals in Sydney NSW (n=5 women), as well as a stand-alone Birth Centre (n=1 woman). Video footage of a woman labouring at home was used to compare and contrast women's experiences. Latent content analysis was used to analyse the data set. In addition there were 17 one-hour video-reflexive interviews that were audio-taped and fully transcribed (nine interviews with women and/or their support people and eight with midwives). Field note data accompanied both the video recording as well as the reflexive interviews.
    Findings: in general, women labouring in conventional hospital labour and birth rooms acted and interacted with the environment in a passive way. The spaces clearly did not resemble homely or 'domestic' spaces. This forced women to adapt to the space. In essence all but one of the women labouring and birthing in these spaces took on the role of a 'patient'. One participant responded quite differently to the conventional hospital space. 'Domestication of the space' was the mechanism this woman used to retain a sense of ownership within the birth space. In contrast, in the domestic birth environments (Birth Centre and home) women effortlessly claimed ownership of the space, expressing their identity in a myriad of ways. In these domestic spaces, women were not required to change or modify their birth spaces as the design, furnishings and semiotics of the space openly encouraged them to be active, creative and take ownership of the space.
    Conclusion: the findings of this study add to the existing literature on birth unit design and more specifically contribute to an understanding of how the features of domesticity within the birth setting may shape the experience of labouring women and their care providers. The evidence gained from the study will assist in the ongoing movement to humanise birth spaces and develop further understandings of how home-like birth spaces should look. Those designing, building, furnishing, managing, accessing and working in Birthing Services could all benefit from the consideration of how environments designed for the care of birthing women, may be affecting the outcomes and experiences of women and their families.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Australia ; Birthing Centers/standards ; Environment Design/standards ; Female ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Pregnancy ; Qualitative Research ; Quality of Health Care/organization & administration ; Quality of Health Care/standards
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1036567-9
    ISSN 1532-3099 ; 0266-6138
    ISSN (online) 1532-3099
    ISSN 0266-6138
    DOI 10.1016/j.midw.2016.10.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Management of Respiratory Failure.

    Singh Lamba, Tejpreet / Sharara, Rihab Saeed / Leap, Jennifer / Singh, Anil C

    Critical care nursing quarterly

    2016  Volume 39, Issue 2, Page(s) 94–109

    Abstract: The management of acute respiratory failure varies according to the etiology. A clear understanding of physiology of respiration and pathophysiological mechanisms of respiratory failure is mandatory for managing these patients. The extent of abnormality ... ...

    Abstract The management of acute respiratory failure varies according to the etiology. A clear understanding of physiology of respiration and pathophysiological mechanisms of respiratory failure is mandatory for managing these patients. The extent of abnormality in arterial blood gas values is a result of the balance between the severity of disease and the degree of compensation by cardiopulmonary system. Normal blood gases do not mean that there is an absence of disease because the homeostatic system can compensate. However, an abnormal arterial blood gas value reflects uncompensated disease that might be life threatening.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/blood ; Critical Care ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects ; Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis ; Respiratory Insufficiency/nursing ; Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy
    Chemical Substances Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639095-x
    ISSN 1550-5111 ; 0887-9303
    ISSN (online) 1550-5111
    ISSN 0887-9303
    DOI 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000103
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Diagnostic Considerations of Venous Thromboembolic Disease.

    Alhassan, Sulaiman / Leap, Jennifer / Popuri, Anand / Yadam, Suman / Singh, Anil C / Balaan, Marvin

    Critical care nursing quarterly

    2017  Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 210–218

    Abstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The clinical presentation of VTE is nonspecific and requires confirmatory testing. The most common diagnostic tool for DVT is duplex ultrasonography since it ... ...

    Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The clinical presentation of VTE is nonspecific and requires confirmatory testing. The most common diagnostic tool for DVT is duplex ultrasonography since it is a noninvasive test with high accuracy. Contrast venography is considered the gold standard modality to diagnose DVT, but it is an invasive test. Magnetic resonance venography and computed tomography venography are alternative diagnostic methods for DVT, which can be helpful in certain circumstances. Pulmonary embolism is commonly diagnosed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography. Ventilation perfusion scanning is an alternative imaging to diagnose PE in patients who cannot receive intravenous contrast. Pulmonary angiography is still the gold standard in the diagnosis of PE and is usually needed in specific conditions. D-dimer assay can be utilized in ruling VTE out in low-risk patients. Estimating the pretest clinical probability for having VTE is the key step in guiding the clinicians and nurses to the appropriate diagnostic method for patients with suspected DVT or PE.
    MeSH term(s) Angiography ; Humans ; Phlebography ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex ; Venous Thromboembolism/diagnosis ; Venous Thromboembolism/diagnostic imaging ; Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis ; Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639095-x
    ISSN 1550-5111 ; 0887-9303
    ISSN (online) 1550-5111
    ISSN 0887-9303
    DOI 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000163
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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