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Article: Biofunctionalization of cardiovascular stents to induce endothelialization: Implications for in- stent thrombosis in diabetes.

Marei, Isra / Ahmetaj-Shala, Blerina / Triggle, Chris R

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 982185

Abstract: Stent thrombosis remains one of the main causes that lead to vascular stent failure in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity and is ... ...

Abstract	Stent thrombosis remains one of the main causes that lead to vascular stent failure in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity and is associated with suboptimal outcomes following PCI, and an increase in the incidence of late stent thrombosis. Evidence suggests that late stent thrombosis is caused by the delayed and impaired endothelialization of the lumen of the stent. The endothelium has a key role in modulating inflammation and thrombosis and maintaining homeostasis, thus restoring a functional endothelial cell layer is an important target for the prevention of stent thrombosis. Modifications using specific molecules to induce endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and function can improve stents endothelialization and prevent thrombosis. Blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) represent a potential cell source for the in situ-endothelialization of vascular conduits and stents. We aim in this review to summarize the main biofunctionalization strategies to induce the
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2022.982185
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Requiem for impact factors and high publication charges.

Triggle, Chris R / MacDonald, Ross / Triggle, David J / Grierson, Donald

Accountability in research

2021 Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 133–164

Abstract: Journal impact factors, publication charges and assessment of quality and accuracy of scientific research are critical for researchers, managers, funders, policy makers, and society. Editors and publishers compete for impact factor rankings, to ... ...

Abstract	Journal impact factors, publication charges and assessment of quality and accuracy of scientific research are critical for researchers, managers, funders, policy makers, and society. Editors and publishers compete for impact factor rankings, to demonstrate how important their journals are, and researchers strive to publish in perceived top journals, despite high publication and access charges. This raises questions of how top journals are identified, whether assessments of impacts are accurate and whether high publication charges borne by the research community are justified, bearing in mind that they also collectively provide free peer-review to the publishers. Although traditional journals accelerated peer review and publication during the COVID-19 pandemic, preprint servers made a greater impact with over 30,000 open access articles becoming available and accelerating a trend already seen in other fields of research. We review and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of a range of assessment methods and the way in which they are used by researchers, managers, employers and publishers. We argue that new approaches to assessment are required to provide a realistic and comprehensive measure of the value of research and journals and we support open access publishing at a modest, affordable price to benefit research producers and consumers.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Journal Impact Factor ; Pandemics ; Peer Review ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2069334-5
ISSN	1545-5815 ; 0898-9621
ISSN (online)	1545-5815
ISSN	0898-9621
DOI	10.1080/08989621.2021.1909481
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Article: COVID-19 Vaccines and Hyperglycemia-Is There a Need for Postvaccination Surveillance?

Samuel, Samson Mathews / Varghese, Elizabeth / Triggle, Chris R / Büsselberg, Dietrich

Vaccines

2022 Volume 10, Issue 3

Abstract: The COVID-19 vaccines currently in use have undoubtedly played the most significant role in combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus and reducing disease severity and the risk of death among those affected, especially among those with pre-existing conditions, such ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 vaccines currently in use have undoubtedly played the most significant role in combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus and reducing disease severity and the risk of death among those affected, especially among those with pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes. The management of blood glucose levels has become critical in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where data show two- to threefold higher intensive care hospital admissions and more than twice the mortality rate among diabetic COVID-19 patients when compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. Furthermore, new-onset diabetes and severe hyperglycemia-related complications, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), were reported in COVID-19 patients. However, irrespective of the kind of vaccine and dosage number, possible vaccination-induced hyperglycemia and associated complications were reported among vaccinated individuals. The current article summarizes the available case reports on COVID-19 vaccination-induced hyperglycemia, the possible molecular mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, and the outstanding questions that need to be addressed and discusses the need to identify at-risk individuals and promote postvaccination monitoring/surveillance among at-risk individuals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines10030454
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Article ; Online: Metabolic heterogeneity in TNBCs: A potential determinant of therapeutic efficacy of 2-deoxyglucose and metformin combinatory therapy.

Samuel, Samson Mathews / Varghese, Elizabeth / Satheesh, Noothan Jyothi / Triggle, Chris R / Büsselberg, Dietrich

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

2023 Volume 164, Page(s) 114911

Abstract: Breast cancers (BCs) remain the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Among the different types of BCs, treating the highly aggressive, invasive, and metastatic triple-negative BCs (TNBCs) that do not respond to hormonal/human ... ...

Abstract	Breast cancers (BCs) remain the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Among the different types of BCs, treating the highly aggressive, invasive, and metastatic triple-negative BCs (TNBCs) that do not respond to hormonal/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted interventions since they lack ER/PR/HER2 receptors remains challenging. While almost all BCs depend on glucose metabolism for their proliferation and survival, studies indicate that TNBCs are highly dependent on glucose metabolism compared to non-TNBC malignancies. Hence, limiting/inhibiting glucose metabolism in TNBCs should curb cell proliferation and tumor growth. Previous reports, including ours, have shown the efficacy of metformin, the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, in reducing cell proliferation and growth in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cells. In the current study, we investigated and compared the anticancer effects of either metformin (2 mM) in glucose-starved or 2-deoxyglucose (10 mM; glycolytic inhibitor; 2DG) exposed MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cells. Assays for cell proliferation, rate of glycolysis, cell viability, and cell-cycle analysis were performed. The status of proteins of the mTOR pathway was assessed by Western blot analysis. Metformin treatment in glucose-starved and 2DG (10 mM) exposed TNBC cells inhibited the mTOR pathway compared to non-treated glucose-starved cells or 2DG/metformin alone treated controls. Cell proliferation is also significantly reduced under these combination treatment conditions. The results indicate that combining a glycolytic inhibitor and metformin could prove an efficient therapeutic approach for treating TNBCs, albeit the efficacy of the combination treatment may depend on metabolic heterogeneity across various subtypes of TNBCs.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Metformin/pharmacology ; Metformin/therapeutic use ; Deoxyglucose/pharmacology ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Glucose/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Metformin (9100L32L2N) ; Deoxyglucose (9G2MP84A8W) ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-22
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392415-4
ISSN	1950-6007 ; 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
ISSN (online)	1950-6007
ISSN	0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
DOI	10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114911
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Article ; Online: The answer is not 42.

Triggle, Chris R

Biochemical pharmacology

2015 Volume 98, Issue 2, Page(s) 327–334

Abstract: During his long and illustrious career that now spans over 50 years David Triggle has had a major ...

Abstract	During his long and illustrious career that now spans over 50 years David Triggle has had a major impact on biomedical science that can be linked to his research spanning the disciplines of chemistry and biology. Capitalizing on his undergraduate and postgraduate education in chemistry David's early research explored the pharmacology of adreno- and muscarinic receptors ultimately leading to studies of the cellular signaling processes that mediated the effects of receptor activation particularly with respect to calcium homeostasis. David's contributions to the identification and development of calcium channel antagonists resulted in benefits beyond the impact of such drugs in the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system. During David's 50+ year career many technological changes have occurred that have affected how research is conducted, funded and published and how its impact evaluated. Not all of these technological advances are necessarily positive and it is valuable to reflect on the long lasting impact of David's accomplishments with reference to such changes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calcium/history ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/history ; Calcium Channels/physiology ; Education/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Journal Impact Factor/history ; Ligands ; Research/history
Chemical Substances	Calcium Channels ; Ligands ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	208787-x
ISSN	1873-2968 ; 0006-2952
ISSN (online)	1873-2968
ISSN	0006-2952
DOI	10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.029
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Article ; Online: From Gutenberg to Open Science: An Unfulfilled Odyssey.

Triggle, Chris R / Triggle, David J

Drug development research

2016 Volume 78, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–23

Abstract: Preclinical Research With the almost global availability of the Internet comes the expectation of universal accessibility to knowledge, including scientific knowledge-particularly that generated by public funding. Currently this is not the case. In this ... ...

Abstract	Preclinical Research With the almost global availability of the Internet comes the expectation of universal accessibility to knowledge, including scientific knowledge-particularly that generated by public funding. Currently this is not the case. In this Commentary we discuss access to this knowledge, the politics that govern peer review and publication, and the role of this knowledge as a public good in medicine. Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in 1440 opened an avenue for the distribution of scholarly information to the entire world. The scientific literature first appeared in 1665 with Le Journal des Sçavans followed in the same year by Philosophical Transactions. Today there are more than 5000 scientific publishing companies, 25,000 journals and 1.5 million articles published/year generating revenue of $25 billion USD. The European Union and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have argued for open access (OA) to scientific data for all publicly funded research by 2020 with a similar initiative in the USA via the Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act (FASTR). However, OA to published science is but one step in this odyssey. If the products of science are not openly available then it can be argued that the norms of science as defined by Merton including "universalism" and "communalism" have yet to be accomplished. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the delivery of medicines to the poor and for rare diseases, the attempts to privatize human genetic information and, not least, dealing with the challenges of antibiotic resistance and new disease pandemics exacerbated by climate change. Drug Dev Res 78 : 3-23, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MeSH term(s)	Access to Information ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Humans ; Internet ; Periodicals as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604587-x
ISSN	1098-2299 ; 0272-4391
ISSN (online)	1098-2299
ISSN	0272-4391
DOI	10.1002/ddr.21369
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 Vaccines and Hyperglycemia—Is There a Need for Postvaccination Surveillance?

Samson Mathews Samuel / Elizabeth Varghese / Chris R. Triggle / Dietrich Büsselberg

Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 454, p

2022 Volume 454

Abstract	The COVID-19 vaccines currently in use have undoubtedly played the most significant role in combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus and reducing disease severity and the risk of death among those affected, especially among those with pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes. The management of blood glucose levels has become critical in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where data show two- to threefold higher intensive care hospital admissions and more than twice the mortality rate among diabetic COVID-19 patients when compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. Furthermore, new-onset diabetes and severe hyperglycemia-related complications, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), were reported in COVID-19 patients. However, irrespective of the kind of vaccine and dosage number, possible vaccination-induced hyperglycemia and associated complications were reported among vaccinated individuals. The current article summarizes the available case reports on COVID-19 vaccination-induced hyperglycemia, the possible molecular mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, and the outstanding questions that need to be addressed and discusses the need to identify at-risk individuals and promote postvaccination monitoring/surveillance among at-risk individuals.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; diabetes ; diabetic ketoacidosis ; hyperglycemia ; hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan.

Mohammed, Ibrahim / Hollenberg, Morley D / Ding, Hong / Triggle, Chris R

Frontiers in endocrinology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 718942

Abstract: The numerous beneficial health outcomes associated with the use of metformin to treat patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), together with data from pre-clinical studies in animals including the nematode, C. elegans, and mice have prompted investigations ... ...

Abstract	The numerous beneficial health outcomes associated with the use of metformin to treat patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), together with data from pre-clinical studies in animals including the nematode, C. elegans, and mice have prompted investigations into whether metformin has therapeutic utility as an anti-aging drug that may also extend lifespan. Indeed, clinical trials, including the MILES (Metformin In Longevity Study) and TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin), have been designed to assess the potential benefits of metformin as an anti-aging drug. Preliminary analysis of results from MILES indicate that metformin may induce anti-aging transcriptional changes; however it remains controversial as to whether metformin is protective in those subjects free of disease. Furthermore, despite clinical use for over 60 years as an anti-diabetic drug, the cellular mechanisms by which metformin exerts either its actions remain unclear. In this review, we have critically evaluated the literature that has investigated the effects of metformin on aging, healthspan and lifespan in humans as well as other species. In preparing this review, particular attention has been placed on the strength and reproducibility of data and quality of the study protocols with respect to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of metformin. We conclude that despite data in support of anti-aging benefits, the evidence that metformin increases lifespan remains controversial. However,
MeSH term(s)	Aging/drug effects ; Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Humans ; Longevity/drug effects ; Metformin/pharmacology ; Metformin/therapeutic use ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Metformin (9100L32L2N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2021.718942
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Article ; Online: A Review of the Progress and Challenges of Developing a Vaccine for COVID-19.

Sharma, Omna / Sultan, Ali A / Ding, Hong / Triggle, Chris R

Frontiers in immunology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 585354

Abstract: A novel coronavirus, which has been designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan China and causes the highly infectious disease referred to as COVID-19. COVID-19 has now spread ... ...

Abstract	A novel coronavirus, which has been designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan China and causes the highly infectious disease referred to as COVID-19. COVID-19 has now spread worldwide to become a global pandemic affecting over 24 million people as of August 26th, 2020 and claimed the life of more than 800,000 people worldwide. COVID-19 is asymptomatic for some individuals and for others it can cause symptoms ranging from flu-like to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and death. Although it is anticipated that an effective vaccine will be available to protect against COVID-19, at present the world is relying on social distancing and hygiene measures and repurposed drugs. There is a worldwide effort to develop an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and, as of late August 2020, there are 30 vaccines in clinical trials with over 200 in various stages of development. This review will focus on the eight vaccine candidates that entered Phase 1 clinical trials in mid-May, including AstraZeneca/Oxford's AZD1222, Moderna's mRNA-1273 and Sinovac's CoronaVac vaccines, which are currently in advanced stages of vaccine development. In addition to reviewing the different stages of vaccine development, vaccine platforms and vaccine candidates, this review also discusses the biological and immunological basis required of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, the importance of a collaborative international effort, the ethical implications of vaccine development, the efficacy needed for an immunogenic vaccine, vaccine coverage, the potential limitations and challenges of vaccine development. Although the demand for a vaccine far surpasses the production capacity, it will be beneficial to have a limited number of vaccines available for the more vulnerable population by the end of 2020 and for the rest of the global population by the end of 2021.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Drug Development/methods ; Female ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Vaccines, DNA/adverse effects ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Vaccines, DNA ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2020.585354
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Article: 3D Tissue-Engineered Vascular Drug Screening Platforms: Promise and Considerations.

Marei, Isra / Abu Samaan, Tala / Al-Quradaghi, Maryam Ali / Farah, Asmaa A / Mahmud, Shamin Hayat / Ding, Hong / Triggle, Chris R

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 847554

Abstract: Despite the efforts devoted to drug discovery and development, the number of new drug approvals have been decreasing. Specifically, cardiovascular developments have been showing amongst the lowest levels of approvals. In addition, concerns over the ... ...

Abstract	Despite the efforts devoted to drug discovery and development, the number of new drug approvals have been decreasing. Specifically, cardiovascular developments have been showing amongst the lowest levels of approvals. In addition, concerns over the adverse effects of drugs to the cardiovascular system have been increasing and resulting in failure at the preclinical level as well as withdrawal of drugs post-marketing. Besides factors such as the increased cost of clinical trials and increases in the requirements and the complexity of the regulatory processes, there is also a gap between the currently existing pre-clinical screening methods and the clinical studies in humans. This gap is mainly caused by the lack of complexity in the currently used 2D cell culture-based screening systems, which do not accurately reflect human physiological conditions. Cell-based drug screening is widely accepted and extensively used and can provide an initial indication of the drugs' therapeutic efficacy and potential cytotoxicity. However,
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2781496-8
ISSN	2297-055X
ISSN	2297-055X
DOI	10.3389/fcvm.2022.847554
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