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  1. Article ; Online: COVID-19: Potential Repurposing Drugs.

    Leowattana, Wattana

    Infectious disorders drug targets

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) e110122191924

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the most infectious diseases which has been caused by coronavirus in 2019 (COVID-19). It has widely spread worldwide and infected more than 28 million people in 215 countries, and ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the most infectious diseases which has been caused by coronavirus in 2019 (COVID-19). It has widely spread worldwide and infected more than 28 million people in 215 countries, and more than 920,000 have now died from COVID-19. To date, no effective antiviral drugs or specific vaccines have been discovered yet. Considering this situation, the potential therapeutic antiviral drug targets for the COVID-19 are being repurposed to speed up the discovery of effective treatment. The most potential drug targets that are continuously being recommended include Favipiravir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, and Remdesivir. Moreover, the antiviral target proteins and anti-host target proteins are being reported continuously. This review has summarized the current research studies on potential therapeutic drug targets that are being tested against the SARS-CoV-2. It will provide information related to potential repurposing drugs for overcoming COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; Drug Repositioning ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine/pharmacology ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Hydroxychloroquine (4QWG6N8QKH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-27
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2234298-9
    ISSN 2212-3989 ; 1871-5265
    ISSN (online) 2212-3989
    ISSN 1871-5265
    DOI 10.2174/1871526521666210301143441
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, chronic liver diseases, common medications, and clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

    Leowattana, Wattana

    World journal of virology

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 86–96

    Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), enters affected cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is highly expressed in type II ... ...

    Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), enters affected cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is highly expressed in type II alveolar cells, enterocytes, and cholangiocytes. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes fever, dry cough, and breathing difficulty, which can progress to respiratory distress due to interstitial pneumonia, and hepatobiliary injury due to COVID-19 is increasingly recognized. The hepatobiliary injury may be evident at presentation of the disease or develop during the disease progression. The development of more severe clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) with or without cirrhosis infected with SARS-CoV-2 has not been elucidated. Moreover, there is limited data related to common medications that affect the disease severity of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, ACE2 receptor expression of hepatobiliary tissue related to the disease severity also have not been clarified. This review summarized the current situation regarding the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with chronic liver diseases who were treated with common medications. Furthermore, the association between ACE2 receptor expression and disease severity in these patients is discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2829019-7
    ISSN 2220-3249
    ISSN 2220-3249
    DOI 10.5501/wjv.v10.i3.86
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.

    Leowattana, Wattana / Leowattana, Pathomthep / Leowattana, Tawithep

    World journal of methodology

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 79–97

    Abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) is believed to be the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of death worldwide. Treatment techniques include radiation, chemotherapy, gastrectomy, and targeted treatments are often employed. Some hopeful results ... ...

    Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is believed to be the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of death worldwide. Treatment techniques include radiation, chemotherapy, gastrectomy, and targeted treatments are often employed. Some hopeful results from the development of GC immunotherapy have already changed treatment approaches. Along with previous combination medicines, new immunotherapies have been developed that target distinct molecules. Despite ongoing studies into the current therapeutic options and significant improvements in this field, the prognosis for the ailment is poor. Since there are few treatment options and a delay in detection, the illness actually advances, spreads, and metastasizes. The bulk of immunotherapies in use today rely on cytotoxic immune cells, monoclonal antibodies, and gene-transferred vaccines. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become more popular. In this review, we sought to examine the viewpoint and development of several immunotherapy treatment modalities for advanced GC, as well as the clinical results thus far reported. Additionally, we outlined tumor immune escape and tumor immunosurveillance.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2222-0682
    ISSN 2222-0682
    DOI 10.5662/wjm.v13.i3.79
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Tuberculosis of the spine.

    Leowattana, Wattana / Leowattana, Pathomthep / Leowattana, Tawithep

    World journal of orthopedics

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 275–293

    Abstract: Pott's spine, commonly known as spinal tuberculosis (TB), is an extrapulmonary form of TB caused by Mycobacterium TB. Pott's paraplegia occurs when the spine is involved. Spinal TB is usually caused by the hematogenous spread of infection from a central ... ...

    Abstract Pott's spine, commonly known as spinal tuberculosis (TB), is an extrapulmonary form of TB caused by Mycobacterium TB. Pott's paraplegia occurs when the spine is involved. Spinal TB is usually caused by the hematogenous spread of infection from a central focus, which can be in the lungs or another location. Spinal TB is distinguished by intervertebral disc involvement caused by the same segmental arterial supply, which can result in severe morbidity even after years of approved therapy. Neurological impairments and spine deformities are caused by progressive damage to the anterior vertebral body. The clinical, radiographic, microbiological, and histological data are used to make the diagnosis of spinal TB. In Pott's spine, combination multidrug antitubercular therapy is the basis of treatment. The recent appearance of multidrug-resistant/extremely drug-resistant TB and the growth of human immunodeficiency virus infection have presented significant challenges in the battle against TB infection. Patients who come with significant kyphosis or neurological impairments are the only ones who require surgical care. Debridement, fusion stabilization, and correction of spinal deformity are the cornerstones of surgical treatment. Clinical results for the treatment of spinal TB are generally quite good with adequate and prompt care.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2649712-8
    ISSN 2218-5836
    ISSN 2218-5836
    DOI 10.5312/wjo.v14.i5.275
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Paradigm shift of chemotherapy and systemic treatment for biliary tract cancer.

    Leowattana, Wattana / Leowattana, Tawithep / Leowattana, Pathomthep

    World journal of gastrointestinal oncology

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) 959–972

    Abstract: Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are frequently identified at late stages and have a poor prognosis due to limited systemic treatment regimens. For more than a decade, the combination of gemcitabine and cis-platin has served as the first-line standard ... ...

    Abstract Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are frequently identified at late stages and have a poor prognosis due to limited systemic treatment regimens. For more than a decade, the combination of gemcitabine and cis-platin has served as the first-line standard treatment. There are few choices for second-line chemo-therapy. Targeted treatment with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 inhibitors, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitors, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors has had important results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as pembrolizumab are only used in first-line treatment for microsatellite instability high patients. The TOPAZ-1 trial's outcome is encouraging, and there are several trials underway that might soon put targeted treatment and ICI combos into first-line options. Newer targets and agents for existing goals are being studied, which may represent a paradigm shift in BTC management. Due to a scarcity of targetable mutations and the higher toxicity profile of the current medications, the new category of drugs may occupy a significant role in BTC therapies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-28
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2573696-6
    ISSN 1948-5204
    ISSN 1948-5204
    DOI 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i6.959
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Systemic treatments for resectable carcinoma of the esophagus.

    Leowattana, Wattana / Leowattana, Pathomthep / Leowattana, Tawithep

    World journal of gastroenterology

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 30, Page(s) 4628–4641

    Abstract: One of the most prevalent malignancies in the world is esophageal cancer (EC). The 5-year survival rate of EC remains pitiful despite treatment advancements. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in conjunction with esophagectomy is the standard of care for ... ...

    Abstract One of the most prevalent malignancies in the world is esophageal cancer (EC). The 5-year survival rate of EC remains pitiful despite treatment advancements. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in conjunction with esophagectomy is the standard of care for patients with resectable disease. The pathological complete response rate, however, is not acceptable. A distant metastasis or a locoregional recurrence will occur in about half of the patients. To increase the clinical effectiveness of therapy, it is consequently vital to investigate cutting-edge and potent therapeutic modalities. The approach to the management of resectable EC using immunotherapy has been considerably altered by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Systemic immunotherapy has recently been shown to have the potential to increase the survival of patients with resectable EC, according to growing clinical data. A combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy may have a synergistic antitumor impact because, according to mounting evidence, these treatments can stimulate the immune system
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy ; Esophagectomy/adverse effects ; Immunotherapy ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2185929-2
    ISSN 2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
    ISSN (online) 2219-2840
    ISSN 1007-9327
    DOI 10.3748/wjg.v29.i30.4628
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Systemic treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.

    Leowattana, Wattana / Leowattana, Pathomthep / Leowattana, Tawithep

    World journal of gastroenterology

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 10, Page(s) 1569–1588

    Abstract: Significant progress has been achieved in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients during the last 20 years. There are currently numerous treatments available for the first-line treatment of mCRC. Sophisticated molecular technologies ...

    Abstract Significant progress has been achieved in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients during the last 20 years. There are currently numerous treatments available for the first-line treatment of mCRC. Sophisticated molecular technologies have been developed to reveal novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers for CRC. The development of next-generation sequencing and whole-exome sequencing, which are strong new tools for the discovery of predictive molecular biomarkers to facilitate the delivery of customized treatment, has resulted in tremendous breakthroughs in DNA sequencing technology in recent years. The appropriate adjuvant treatments for mCRC patients are determined by the tumor stage, presence of high-risk pathologic characteristics, microsatellite instability status, patient age, and performance status. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are the main systemic treatments for patients with mCRC. Despite the fact that these novel treatment choices have increased overall survival for mCRC, survival remains optimal for individuals with non-metastatic disease. The molecular technologies currently being used to support our ability to practice personalized medicine; the practical aspects of applying molecular biomarkers to regular clinical practice; and the evolution of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of mCRC in the front-line setting are all reviewed here.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Prognosis
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers, Tumor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2185929-2
    ISSN 2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
    ISSN (online) 2219-2840
    ISSN 1007-9327
    DOI 10.3748/wjg.v29.i10.1569
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Systemic treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Leowattana, Wattana / Leowattana, Tawithep / Leowattana, PathompThep

    World journal of gastroenterology

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 10, Page(s) 1551–1568

    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is most commonly found in the context of liver cirrhosis and, in rare cases, in a healthy liver. Its prevalence has risen in recent years, particularly in Western nations, due to the increasing frequency of non-alcoholic ... ...

    Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is most commonly found in the context of liver cirrhosis and, in rare cases, in a healthy liver. Its prevalence has risen in recent years, particularly in Western nations, due to the increasing frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Advanced HCC has a poor prognosis. For many years, the only proven therapy for unresectable HCC (uHCC) was sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Recently, the synergistic effect of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, atezolizumab, and bevacizumab outperformed sorafenib alone in terms of survival, making it the recommended first-line therapy. Other multikinase inhibitors, lenvatinib and regorafenib, were also recommended as first and second-line drugs, respectively. Intermediate-stage HCC patients with retained liver function, particularly uHCC without extrahepatic metastasis, may benefit from trans-arterial chemoembolization. The current problem in uHCC is selecting a patient for the best treatment while considering the preexisting liver condition and liver function. Indeed, all study patients had a Child-Pugh class A, and the best therapy for other individuals is unknown. Additionally, in the absence of a medical contraindication, atezolizumab could be combined with bevacizumab for uHCC systemic therapy. Several studies are now underway to evaluate immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with anti-angiogenic drugs, and the first findings are encouraging. The paradigm of uHCC therapy is changing dramatically, and many obstacles remain for optimum patient management in the near future. The purpose of this commentary review was to give an insight into current systemic treatment options for patients with uHCC who are not candidates for surgery to cure the disease.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy ; Sorafenib ; Bevacizumab/therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
    Chemical Substances Sorafenib (9ZOQ3TZI87) ; Bevacizumab (2S9ZZM9Q9V) ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2185929-2
    ISSN 2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
    ISSN (online) 2219-2840
    ISSN 1007-9327
    DOI 10.3748/wjg.v29.i10.1551
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Quantitative hepatitis B core antibody and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen: Novel viral biomarkers for chronic hepatitis B management.

    Leowattana, Wattana / Leowattana, Pathomthep / Leowattana, Tawithep

    World journal of hepatology

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 550–565

    Abstract: The management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection now involves regular and appropriate monitoring of viral activity, disease progression, and treatment response. Traditional HBV infection biomarkers are limited in their ability to predict clinical ... ...

    Abstract The management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection now involves regular and appropriate monitoring of viral activity, disease progression, and treatment response. Traditional HBV infection biomarkers are limited in their ability to predict clinical outcomes or therapeutic effectiveness. Quantitation of HBV core antibodies (qAnti-HBc) is a novel non-invasive biomarker that may help with a variety of diagnostic issues. It was shown to correlate strongly with infection stages, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, chronic infection exacerbations, and the presence of occult infection. Furthermore, qAnti-HBc levels were shown to be predictive of spontaneous or treatment-induced HBeAg and HBsAg seroclearance, relapse after medication termination, re-infection following liver transplantation, and viral reactivation in the presence of immunosuppression. qAnti-HBc, on the other hand, cannot be relied on as a single diagnostic test to address all problems, and its diagnostic and prognostic potential may be greatly increased when paired with qHBsAg. Commercial qAnti-HBc diagnostic kits are currently not widely available. Because many methodologies are only semi-quantitative, comparing data from various studies and defining universal cut-off values remains difficult. This review focuses on the clinical utility of qAnti-HBc and qHBsAg in chronic hepatitis B management.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2573703-X
    ISSN 1948-5182
    ISSN 1948-5182
    DOI 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.550
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: COVID-19 vaccination and cardiac dysfunction.

    Leowattana, Wattana / Leowattana, Tawithep

    World journal of cardiology

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 343–354

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections has reduced the number of symptomatic patients globally. A case series of vaccine-related myocarditis or pericarditis has been ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections has reduced the number of symptomatic patients globally. A case series of vaccine-related myocarditis or pericarditis has been published with extensive vaccination, most notably in teenagers and young adults. Men seem to be impacted more often, and symptoms commonly occur within 1 wk after immunization. The clinical course is mild in the majority of cases. Based on the evidence, a clinical framework to guide physicians to examine, analyze, identify, and report suspected and confirmed cardiac dysfunction cases is needed. A standardized workup for every patient with strongly suspicious symptoms associated with the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine comprises serum cardiac troponin measurement and a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). For patients with unexplained elevation of cardiac troponin and pathologic ECG, echocardiography is recommended. Consultation with a cardiovascular expert and hospitalization should be considered in this group of patients. Treatment is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Deferring a 2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2573665-6
    ISSN 1949-8462
    ISSN 1949-8462
    DOI 10.4330/wjc.v14.i6.343
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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