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  1. Article ; Online: Exploring the rise and diversity of health and societal issues that use a public health approach: A scoping review and narrative synthesis.

    Hurst, Alison / Shaw, Nick / Carrieri, Daniele / Stein, Ken / Wyatt, Katrina

    PLOS global public health

    2024  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e0002790

    Abstract: There is an increase in calls across diverse issues for a "public health approach" however, it is not clear whether there is any shared understanding in approach in its conceptualisation or implementation. Our aims were to (1) identify and categorise the ...

    Abstract There is an increase in calls across diverse issues for a "public health approach" however, it is not clear whether there is any shared understanding in approach in its conceptualisation or implementation. Our aims were to (1) identify and categorise the issues which discuss a public health approach within published literature since 2010, (2) chart the descriptions and applications of public health approaches across and within four purposively sampled categories of issues, and (3) capture any evaluations conducted. A scoping review of published literature was undertaken; Seven leading databases were searched: AMED, APA PsycInfo, ASSIA, CINAHL complete, Cochrane Library (Review), Embase, and MEDLINE for articles published between 2010 and 2022 which have applied, described or called for a "public health approach" to address any issue. 3,573 studies were identified through our initial searches, of these 1,635 articles were recognised for possible inclusion from analysis of titles and abstract. The final number of included studies was 1,314. We identified 28 categories, 26 of which were societal issues, where a public health approach is being advocated. We purposively selected four of these categories; adverse childhood experiences; end of life care; gambling addiction and violence reduction/ knife crime for further analysis of the approach including how it was conceptualised and operationalised; less than 13% of the studies described the implementation of a public health approach and there was considerable heterogeneity across and within categories as to how this was done. Since 2010 there have been increasing calls for a public health approach to be taken to address health and societal challenges. However, the operationalisation of a public health approach varied extensively and there were few evaluations of the approach. This has implications for policy makers and those involved in commissioning related approaches in the future as the evidence-base is limited.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2767-3375
    ISSN (online) 2767-3375
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002790
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Factors affecting the UK junior doctor workforce retention crisis: an integrative review.

    Lock, Florence Katie / Carrieri, Daniele

    BMJ open

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e059397

    Abstract: Objectives: To determine the factors contributing to the junior doctor workforce retention crisis in the UK using evidence collected directly from junior doctors, and to develop recommendations for changes to address the issue.: Design: Integrative ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To determine the factors contributing to the junior doctor workforce retention crisis in the UK using evidence collected directly from junior doctors, and to develop recommendations for changes to address the issue.
    Design: Integrative review.
    Data sources: Searches were conducted on Ovid Medline and HMIC to locate evidence published between January 2016 and April 2021. This was supplemented by publications from relevant national organisations.
    Eligibility criteria: English-language papers relating to UK junior doctor retention, well-being or satisfaction which contained data collected directly from junior doctors were included. Papers focusing solely on the pandemic, factors specific to one medical specialty, evaluation of interventions, or numerical data with no evidence relating to causation were excluded. Review papers were excluded.
    Data extraction and synthesis: Data were extracted and coded on NVivo by FKL, then thematic analysis was conducted.
    Results: 47 papers were included, consisting of academic (qualitative, quantitative, mixed and commentary) and grey literature. Key themes identified were working conditions, support and relationships, and learning and development, with an overarching theme of lack of flexibility. The outcomes of these factors are doctors not feeling valued, lacking autonomy, having a poor work-life balance, and providing compromised patient care. This results in need for a break from medical training.
    Conclusion: This review builds on findings of related literature regarding working environments, isolation, stigma, and desire for autonomy, and highlights additional issues around learning and training, flexibility, feeling valued, and patient care. It goes on to present recommendations for tackling poor retention of UK junior doctors, highlighting that the complex problem requires evidence-based solutions and a bottom-up approach in which junior doctors are regarded as core stakeholders during the planning of interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Medical Staff, Hospital ; Physicians ; United Kingdom ; Workforce ; Workplace
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059397
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Oncohumanities training programme: Fostering a deeper engagement and integration of oncology and humanities to tackle the pressing and complex challenges of cancer care.

    Carrieri, Daniele / Peccatori, Fedro Alessandro / Boniolo, Giovanni

    Tumori

    2023  Volume 109, Issue 3, Page(s) 258–261

    Abstract: Oncohumanities' is a new field of oncology and humanities which integrates a rich gamut of humanity disciplines and oncological expertise to tackle patients' real needs and priorities. To promote knowledge and awareness on this topic, we propose a ... ...

    Abstract 'Oncohumanities' is a new field of oncology and humanities which integrates a rich gamut of humanity disciplines and oncological expertise to tackle patients' real needs and priorities. To promote knowledge and awareness on this topic, we propose a training programme that will blend conceptual knowledge underpinning oncology practice with and person-centred care based on the humanisations of care, on empowerment of patients, and on respect for their diversities. Oncohumanities differs from most existing medical humanities training as it is integrated and engaged with oncology (rather than an add-on). This means that its agenda is driven by the real needs and priorities arising out of daily oncological practice. It is our hope that this new Oncohumanities programme and approach will contribute to guiding future efforts to foster a strong integrated partnership between humanities and oncology.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Humanities ; Medical Oncology ; Neoplasms/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 280962-x
    ISSN 2038-2529 ; 0300-8916
    ISSN (online) 2038-2529
    ISSN 0300-8916
    DOI 10.1177/03008916231158674
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Undernutrition among children living in refugee camps: a systematic review of prevalence.

    Skinner, Annabel / Tester-Jones, Michelle Caroline / Carrieri, Daniele

    BMJ open

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) e070246

    Abstract: Objectives: This review aimed to provide an overview of the prevalence of undernutrition in children under 5 years old in refugee camps according to the different indicators. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the quality and quantity of relevant ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: This review aimed to provide an overview of the prevalence of undernutrition in children under 5 years old in refugee camps according to the different indicators. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the quality and quantity of relevant epidemiological data available.
    Design: We used a systematic review of prevalence study design to achieve the above aims. We sought eligible observational studies through database searching of OVID Medline, CAB Global Health, Scopus and PubMed; citation chasing; and grey literature searching.
    Setting: The setting of interest was refugee camps across the globe.
    Participants: Participants in the studies included in the review were children under 5 years old.
    Primary and secondary outcome measures: Outcome measures of interest were the prevalence of wasting, global acute malnutrition, stunting and underweight.
    Results: The review included 33 cross-sectional studies in 86 sites and a total of 36 750 participants. Overall, the quality of the studies was moderate to high, but some reports lacked clarity around data collection or outcome definitions. The results showed a wide variation in prevalence estimates across the different indicators and between different refugee camps. The median prevalence estimates of global acute malnutrition based on weight-for-height z-score, stunting and underweight were 7.1%, 23.8% and 16.7%, respectively. Using weight-for-height z-score identified a higher prevalence of acute malnutrition than using mid-upper arm circumference in the majority of studies.
    Conclusions: Acute malnutrition remains a public health problem in many refugee camps, but chronic malnutrition has a high prevalence in more locations. Research and policy must, therefore, focus not only on nutrition but also on the wider determinants of both acute and chronic undernutrition. The difference in prevalence of global acute malnutrition depending on the measure used has implications for screening and diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Thinness/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Refugee Camps ; Malnutrition/epidemiology ; Growth Disorders/epidemiology ; Growth Disorders/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070246
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Exploring the rise and diversity of health and societal issues that use a public health approach

    Alison Hurst / Nick Shaw / Daniele Carrieri / Ken Stein / Katrina Wyatt

    PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 4, Iss 1, p e

    A scoping review and narrative synthesis.

    2024  Volume 0002790

    Abstract: There is an increase in calls across diverse issues for a "public health approach" however, it is not clear whether there is any shared understanding in approach in its conceptualisation or implementation. Our aims were to (1) identify and categorise the ...

    Abstract There is an increase in calls across diverse issues for a "public health approach" however, it is not clear whether there is any shared understanding in approach in its conceptualisation or implementation. Our aims were to (1) identify and categorise the issues which discuss a public health approach within published literature since 2010, (2) chart the descriptions and applications of public health approaches across and within four purposively sampled categories of issues, and (3) capture any evaluations conducted. A scoping review of published literature was undertaken; Seven leading databases were searched: AMED, APA PsycInfo, ASSIA, CINAHL complete, Cochrane Library (Review), Embase, and MEDLINE for articles published between 2010 and 2022 which have applied, described or called for a "public health approach" to address any issue. 3,573 studies were identified through our initial searches, of these 1,635 articles were recognised for possible inclusion from analysis of titles and abstract. The final number of included studies was 1,314. We identified 28 categories, 26 of which were societal issues, where a public health approach is being advocated. We purposively selected four of these categories; adverse childhood experiences; end of life care; gambling addiction and violence reduction/ knife crime for further analysis of the approach including how it was conceptualised and operationalised; less than 13% of the studies described the implementation of a public health approach and there was considerable heterogeneity across and within categories as to how this was done. Since 2010 there have been increasing calls for a public health approach to be taken to address health and societal challenges. However, the operationalisation of a public health approach varied extensively and there were few evaluations of the approach. This has implications for policy makers and those involved in commissioning related approaches in the future as the evidence-base is limited.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Social connections and social identity as a basis for learning and support: Experiences of medical students with minoritised and non-minoritised ethnic identities.

    Bull, Stephanie / Terry, Rohini / Rice, Neil / Carrieri, Daniele / Tarrant, Mark / Curnow, Gerens

    Medical education

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Social connections between medical students provide a key basis for learning and support. These connections, and associated social identity, may be patterned by ethnicity, and students often perform similarly academically to those they ... ...

    Abstract Background: Social connections between medical students provide a key basis for learning and support. These connections, and associated social identity, may be patterned by ethnicity, and students often perform similarly academically to those they connect with. The mechanisms that underpin the formation of these connections and the role that they play are not fully understood. This study explored how medical students connect with each other, and the potential impact of this on their academic attainment and well-being, with a focus on students with minoritised ethnic identities.
    Methods: A mixed methods study combining (1) a survey to establish the number and strength of connections formed by Years 1 and 2 medical students with both minoritised and non-minoritised ethnicities and (2) semi-structured interviews to understand how connections were formed, whether this was shaped by ethnicity and the role of connections in supporting students with their learning and well-being.
    Results: One hundred fifty-one students (15.5% response rate) completed the survey. Students connected regularly with three to four peers with the goal of supporting learning and 71.9% of students reported a sense of social identification with this group. There was no statistical difference between ethnically minoritised and White students on either of these measures (t = 0.1, p = 0.92, χ
    Discussion: Curriculum designers should consider the time and space that is afforded to student interaction during course development, as finding compatible others with whom students can socially connect is important to balancing well-being with academic performance.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 195274-2
    ISSN 1365-2923 ; 0308-0110
    ISSN (online) 1365-2923
    ISSN 0308-0110
    DOI 10.1111/medu.15367
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Care Under Pressure 2: a realist synthesis of causes and interventions to mitigate psychological ill health in nurses, midwives and paramedics.

    Taylor, Cath / Maben, Jill / Jagosh, Justin / Carrieri, Daniele / Briscoe, Simon / Klepacz, Naomi / Mattick, Karen

    BMJ quality & safety

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Nurses, midwives and paramedics comprise over half of the clinical workforce in the UK National Health Service and have some of the highest prevalence of psychological ill health. This study explored why psychological ill health is a growing ...

    Abstract Background: Nurses, midwives and paramedics comprise over half of the clinical workforce in the UK National Health Service and have some of the highest prevalence of psychological ill health. This study explored why psychological ill health is a growing problem and how we might change this.
    Methods: A realist synthesis involved iterative searches within MEDLINE, CINAHL and HMIC, and supplementary handsearching and expert solicitation. We used reverse chronological quota screening and appraisal journalling to analyse each source and refine our initial programme theory. A stakeholder group comprising nurses, midwives, paramedics, patient and public representatives, educators, managers and policy makers contributed throughout.
    Results: Following initial theory development from 8 key reports, 159 sources were included. We identified 26 context-mechanism-outcome configurations, with 16 explaining the causes of psychological ill health and 10 explaining why interventions have not worked to mitigate psychological ill health. These were synthesised to five key findings: (1) it is difficult to promote staff psychological wellness where there is a blame culture; (2) the needs of the system often over-ride staff psychological well-being at work; (3) there are unintended personal costs of upholding and implementing values at work; (4) interventions are fragmented, individual-focused and insufficiently recognise cumulative chronic stressors; and (5) it is challenging to design, identify and implement interventions.
    Conclusions: Our final programme theory argues the need for healthcare organisations to rebalance the working environment to enable healthcare professionals to recover and thrive. This requires high standards for patient care to be balanced with high standards for staff psychological well-being; professional accountability to be balanced with having a listening, learning culture; reactive responsive interventions to be balanced by having proactive preventative interventions; and the individual focus balanced by an organisational focus.
    Prospero registration number: CRD42020172420.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2592909-4
    ISSN 2044-5423 ; 2044-5415
    ISSN (online) 2044-5423
    ISSN 2044-5415
    DOI 10.1136/bmjqs-2023-016468
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Undernutrition among children living in refugee camps

    Daniele Carrieri / Annabel Skinner / Michelle Caroline Tester-Jones

    BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss

    a systematic review of prevalence

    2023  Volume 6

    Abstract: Objectives This review aimed to provide an overview of the prevalence of undernutrition in children under 5 years old in refugee camps according to the different indicators. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the quality and quantity of relevant ... ...

    Abstract Objectives This review aimed to provide an overview of the prevalence of undernutrition in children under 5 years old in refugee camps according to the different indicators. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the quality and quantity of relevant epidemiological data available.Design We used a systematic review of prevalence study design to achieve the above aims. We sought eligible observational studies through database searching of OVID Medline, CAB Global Health, Scopus and PubMed; citation chasing; and grey literature searching.Setting The setting of interest was refugee camps across the globe.Participants Participants in the studies included in the review were children under 5 years old.Primary and secondary outcome measures Outcome measures of interest were the prevalence of wasting, global acute malnutrition, stunting and underweight.Results The review included 33 cross-sectional studies in 86 sites and a total of 36 750 participants. Overall, the quality of the studies was moderate to high, but some reports lacked clarity around data collection or outcome definitions. The results showed a wide variation in prevalence estimates across the different indicators and between different refugee camps. The median prevalence estimates of global acute malnutrition based on weight-for-height z-score, stunting and underweight were 7.1%, 23.8% and 16.7%, respectively. Using weight-for-height z-score identified a higher prevalence of acute malnutrition than using mid-upper arm circumference in the majority of studies.Conclusions Acute malnutrition remains a public health problem in many refugee camps, but chronic malnutrition has a high prevalence in more locations. Research and policy must, therefore, focus not only on nutrition but also on the wider determinants of both acute and chronic undernutrition. The difference in prevalence of global acute malnutrition depending on the measure used has implications for screening and diagnosis.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Causes and solutions to workplace psychological ill-health for nurses, midwives and paramedics: the Care Under Pressure 2 realist review.

    Maben, Jill / Taylor, Cath / Jagosh, Justin / Carrieri, Daniele / Briscoe, Simon / Klepacz, Naomi / Mattick, Karen

    Health and social care delivery research

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) 1–171

    Abstract: Background: Nurses, midwives and paramedics are the largest collective group of clinical staff in the National Health Service and have some of the highest prevalence of psychological ill-health. Existing literature tends to be profession-specific and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Nurses, midwives and paramedics are the largest collective group of clinical staff in the National Health Service and have some of the highest prevalence of psychological ill-health. Existing literature tends to be profession-specific and focused on individual interventions that place responsibility for good psychological health with nurses, midwives and paramedics themselves.
    Aim: To improve understanding of how, why and in what contexts nurses, midwives and paramedics experience work-related psychological ill-health; and determine which high-quality interventions can be implemented to minimise psychological ill-health in these professions.
    Methods: Realist synthesis methodology consistent with realist and meta-narrative evidence syntheses: evolving standards' reporting guidelines.
    Data sources: First round database searching in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online Database ALL (via Ovid), cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature database (via EBSCO) and health management information consortium database (via Ovid), was undertaken between February and March 2021, followed by supplementary searching strategies (e.g. hand searching, expert solicitation of key papers). Reverse chronology screening was applied, aimed at retaining 30 relevant papers in each profession. Round two database searches (December 2021) targeted COVID-19-specific literature and literature reviews. No date limits were applied.
    Results: We built on seven key reports and included 75 papers in the first round (26 nursing, 26 midwifery, 23 paramedic) plus 44 expert solicitation papers, 29 literature reviews and 49 COVID-19 focused articles in the second round. Through the realist synthesis we surfaced 14 key tensions in the literature and identified five key findings, supported by 26 context mechanism and outcome configurations. The key findings identified the following: (1) interventions are fragmented, individual-focused and insufficiently recognise cumulative chronic stressors; (2) it is difficult to promote staff psychological wellness where there is a blame culture; (3) the needs of the system often override staff well-being at work ('serve and sacrifice'); (4) there are unintended personal costs of upholding and implementing values at work; and (5) it is challenging to design, identify and implement interventions to work optimally for diverse staff groups with diverse and interacting stressors.
    Conclusions: Our realist synthesis strongly suggests the need to improve the systemic working conditions and the working lives of nurses, midwives and paramedics to improve their psychological well-being. Individual, one-off psychological interventions are unlikely to succeed alone. Psychological ill-health is highly prevalent in these staff groups (and can be chronic and cumulative as well as acute) and should be anticipated and prepared for, indeed normalised and expected. Healthcare organisations need to (1) rebalance the working environment to enable healthcare professionals to recover and thrive; (2) invest in multi-level system approaches to promote staff psychological well-being; and use an organisational diagnostic framework, such as the NHS England and NHS Improvement Health and Wellbeing framework, to self-assess and implement a systems approach to staff well-being.
    Future work: Future research should implement, refine and evaluate systemic interventional strategies. Interventions and evaluations should be co-designed with front-line staff and staff experts by experience, and tailored where possible to local, organisational and workforce needs.
    Limitations: The literature was not equivalent in size and quality across the three professions and we did not carry out citation searches using hand searching and stakeholder/expert suggestions to augment our sample.
    Study registration: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42020172420. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020172420.
    Funding: This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR129528) and is published in full in
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Allied Health Personnel/psychology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Workplace/psychology ; Midwifery ; Nurses/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United Kingdom ; Paramedics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ISSN 2755-0079
    ISSN (online) 2755-0079
    DOI 10.3310/TWDU4109
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The impact of shared social spaces on the wellness and learning of junior doctors: A scoping review.

    Uys, Ciska / Carrieri, Daniele / Mattick, Karen

    Medical education

    2022  Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) 315–330

    Abstract: Introduction: Impaired wellness among junior doctors is a significant problem. Connectedness and sense of belonging may be important factors to prevent and reduce mental ill-health. Shared social spaces in which health care staff can meet informally are ...

    Abstract Introduction: Impaired wellness among junior doctors is a significant problem. Connectedness and sense of belonging may be important factors to prevent and reduce mental ill-health. Shared social spaces in which health care staff can meet informally are thought to improve connectedness; however, these spaces are in decline. It is unclear what is known about such spaces, how they are used, and their impact on wellness and learning. This study aims to identify and synthetise available literature that informs our current understanding of the nature of shared social spaces as an intervention impacting wellness and learning of junior doctors.
    Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley five-step framework. The review question is 'What is the evidence of the impact of shared social spaces on wellness and learning of junior doctors?' We searched five databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsychINFO, APA PsychExtra, and ERIC. We conducted thorough supplementary searches in addition to the database search.
    Results: We included 41 articles. These were predominantly letters, commentaries, and editorials with only five primary research studies. We identified four significant common attributes of shared social spaces, which can be credited with positive impacts on wellness and learning: (1) Informal: fostering connectedness and belonging, trust and teamwork and offering access to informal help and support; (2) safe: allowing reflection, debrief and raising of concerns; (3) functional: there is planning of clinical care activity, sense of control and engagement from users and provision of refreshment; (4) legitimate: regular maintenance and use of shared social spaces affect role modelling, sustainability and wellness culture.
    Discussion: This review identified several ways in which shared social spaces impact positively on learning and wellness. There is little primary research in this area. Future research would be useful to further examine how and why this works.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Learning ; Social Environment ; Delivery of Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 195274-2
    ISSN 1365-2923 ; 0308-0110
    ISSN (online) 1365-2923
    ISSN 0308-0110
    DOI 10.1111/medu.14946
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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