Article ; Online: COVID-19: Attacks Immune Cells and Interferences With Antigen Presentation Through MHC-Like Decoy System.
Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)
2023 Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) 75–88
Abstract: The high mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 is related to poor antigen presentation and lymphopenia. Cytomegalovirus and the herpes family encode a series of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-like molecules required for targeted immune responses ... ...
Abstract | The high mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 is related to poor antigen presentation and lymphopenia. Cytomegalovirus and the herpes family encode a series of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-like molecules required for targeted immune responses to achieve immune escape. In this present study, domain search results showed that many proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus had MHC-like domains, which were similar to decoys for the human immune system. MHC-like structures could bind to MHC receptors of immune cells (such as CD4 + T-cell, CD8 + T-cell, and natural killer-cell), interfering with antigen presentation. Then the oxygen free radicals generated by E protein destroyed immune cells after MHC-like of S protein could bind to them. Mutations in the MHC-like region of the viral proteins such as S promoted weaker immune resistance and more robust transmission. S 127-194 were the primary reason for the robust transmission of delta variants. The S 144-162 regulated the formation of S trimer. The mutations of RdRP: G671S and N: D63G of delta variant caused high viral load. S 62-80 of alpha, beta, lambda variants were the important factor for fast-spreading. S 616-676 and 1014-1114 were causes of high mortality for gamma variants infections. These sites were in the MHC-like structure regions. |
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MeSH term(s) | Humans ; Antigen Presentation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Histocompatibility Antigens |
Chemical Substances | Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; Histocompatibility Antigens |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2023-02-20 |
Publishing country | United States |
Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
ZDB-ID | 1064067-8 |
ISSN | 1537-4513 ; 1053-8550 ; 1524-9557 |
ISSN (online) | 1537-4513 |
ISSN | 1053-8550 ; 1524-9557 |
DOI | 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000455 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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