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Article ; Online: Measurement of serum Interleukin 34 (IL-34) and correlation with severity and pruritus scores in client-owned dogs with atopic dermatitis.

Gow, Deborah J / Jackson, Hilary / Forsythe, Peter / Nuttall, Tim / Gow, Adam G / Mellanby, Richard J / Hume, David A

2020 Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 359–e94

Abstract: Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease of dogs. Interleukin (IL)-34 is a monocyte/macrophage growth factor, produced mainly by keratinocytes, that has been implicated in several human inflammatory conditions including ... ...

Abstract	Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease of dogs. Interleukin (IL)-34 is a monocyte/macrophage growth factor, produced mainly by keratinocytes, that has been implicated in several human inflammatory conditions including human AD. Hypothesis: Canine serum IL-34 concentrations are increased in dogs with AD and correlate with clinical lesion and pruritus scores. Animals: Forty seven client-owned dogs diagnosed with AD and 25 healthy, unaffected control dogs. Methods and materials: A commercially available IL-34 ELISA was optimized for the measurement of IL-34 in canine serum samples. Information regarding treatment, clinical lesion scores [Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04)] and pruritus Visual Analog Score (pVAS) were recorded for each dog at the time of serum collection. Results: Dogs with AD had significantly increased serum IL-34 concentrations compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation between IL-34 concentrations and CADESI-04 and pVAS scores. Concentrations of IL-34 remained increased in dogs with AD receiving steroids or the JAK1 inhibitor, oclacitinib, compared to unaffected control dogs. Conclusions and clinical importance: Serum IL-34 concentrations are increased in dogs with AD and are correlated with clinical severity and pruritus. IL-34 may be a suitable candidate therapeutic target for canine AD.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dermatitis, Atopic/veterinary ; Dog Diseases/diagnosis ; Dog Diseases/drug therapy ; Dogs ; Interleukins ; Pruritus/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Interleukins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2011122-8
ISSN	1365-3164 ; 0959-4493
ISSN (online)	1365-3164
ISSN	0959-4493
DOI	10.1111/vde.12873
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Article: Measurement of serum Interleukin 34 (IL‐34) and correlation with severity and pruritus scores in client‐owned dogs with atopic dermatitis

Gow, Deborah J / Jackson, Hilary / Forsythe, Peter / Nuttall, Tim / Gow, Adam G / Mellanby, Richard J / Hume, David A

Veterinary dermatology. 2020 Oct., v. 31, no. 5

2020

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease of dogs. Interleukin (IL)‐34 is a monocyte/macrophage growth factor, produced mainly by keratinocytes, that has been implicated in several human inflammatory conditions including ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease of dogs. Interleukin (IL)‐34 is a monocyte/macrophage growth factor, produced mainly by keratinocytes, that has been implicated in several human inflammatory conditions including human AD. HYPOTHESIS: Canine serum IL‐34 concentrations are increased in dogs with AD and correlate with clinical lesion and pruritus scores. ANIMALS: Forty seven client‐owned dogs diagnosed with AD and 25 healthy, unaffected control dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A commercially available IL‐34 ELISA was optimized for the measurement of IL‐34 in canine serum samples. Information regarding treatment, clinical lesion scores [Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04)] and pruritus Visual Analog Score (pVAS) were recorded for each dog at the time of serum collection. RESULTS: Dogs with AD had significantly increased serum IL‐34 concentrations compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation between IL‐34 concentrations and CADESI‐04 and pVAS scores. Concentrations of IL‐34 remained increased in dogs with AD receiving steroids or the JAK1 inhibitor, oclacitinib, compared to unaffected control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Serum IL‐34 concentrations are increased in dogs with AD and are correlated with clinical severity and pruritus. IL‐34 may be a suitable candidate therapeutic target for canine AD.
Keywords	atopic dermatitis ; blood serum ; dogs ; humans ; interleukins ; keratinocytes ; macrophages ; monocytes ; pruritus ; therapeutics ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-10
Size	p. 359-e94.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2011122-8
ISSN	1365-3164 ; 0959-4493
ISSN (online)	1365-3164
ISSN	0959-4493
DOI	10.1111/vde.12873
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Associations between urban greenspace and health-related quality of life in children.

McCracken, Deborah S / Allen, Deonie A / Gow, Alan J

Preventive medicine reports

2016 Volume 3, Page(s) 211–221

Abstract: With research to suggest that urban greenspace use can affect the health and wellbeing of adults, it is important to investigate this association in children. Compared with factors such as physical activity, research considering greenspace and its ... ...

Abstract	With research to suggest that urban greenspace use can affect the health and wellbeing of adults, it is important to investigate this association in children. Compared with factors such as physical activity, research considering greenspace and its association with the health and wellbeing of children from urban areas is relatively rare. This study examined the health-related quality of life of 276 children residing in the city of Edinburgh in relation to quantity and use of greenspace. As much of the existing research has employed parental reports of children's health, the current study assessed health-related quality of life via self-report, measured using the Kid-KINDL questionnaire (Ravens-Sieberer & Bullinger, 1998). Spatial analysis of greenspace quantity and typology was undertaken using mapping software, ArcGIS (Esri, 2011). In regression analysis, higher greenspace use and having fewer siblings were significantly associated with better health-related quality of life. Further analysis revealed that these variables were also associated with the 'friends' sub-scale score of the Kid-KINDL. Higher greenspace use was positively associated with 'self-esteem' sub-scale scores. However, the quantity of residential greenspace was not associated with the health-related quality of life of children. This study suggests that increased use of greenspace in urban areas might have a small but positive impact on child health-related quality of life, though future longitudinal and intervention studies are required to confirm these causal assumptions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2785569-7
ISSN	2211-3355
ISSN	2211-3355
DOI	10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.01.013
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Article ; Online: CSF-1, IGF-1, and the control of postnatal growth and development.

Gow, Deborah J / Sester, David P / Hume, David A

Journal of leukocyte biology

2010 Volume 88, Issue 3, Page(s) 475–481

Abstract: Growth hormone controls somatic growth in mammals by regulating the production of IGF-1, which is predominantly made by the liver. The development of cells within the MPS is controlled by the lineage-specific growth factor M-CSF (CSF-1). In this review, ... ...

Abstract	Growth hormone controls somatic growth in mammals by regulating the production of IGF-1, which is predominantly made by the liver. The development of cells within the MPS is controlled by the lineage-specific growth factor M-CSF (CSF-1). In this review, we summarize the role of CSF-1-dependent macrophages in somatic growth and organogenesis. We propose that macrophages are the major extrahepatic source of IGF-1 and that a surge of CSF-1 production contributes to the control of postnatal growth and organ maturation. Accordingly, CSF-1 may be considered a part of the GH/IGF-1 axis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
Chemical Substances	Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (67763-96-6) ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (81627-83-0) ; Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (EC 2.7.10.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	605722-6
ISSN	1938-3673 ; 0741-5400
ISSN (online)	1938-3673
ISSN	0741-5400
DOI	10.1189/jlb.0310158
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Article: Prevalence of potentially pathogenic enteric organisms in clinically healthy kittens in the UK.

Gow, Adam G / Gow, Deborah J / Hall, Edward J / Langton, Debra / Clarke, Chris / Papasouliotis, Kostas

Journal of feline medicine and surgery

2009 Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 655–662

Abstract: Faecal samples were collected from 57 clinically healthy kittens presented for initial vaccination, in the UK. Routine bacteriological examination identified Salmonella species in one and Campylobacter species in five samples. Polymerase chain reaction ( ... ...

Abstract	Faecal samples were collected from 57 clinically healthy kittens presented for initial vaccination, in the UK. Routine bacteriological examination identified Salmonella species in one and Campylobacter species in five samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected the presence of Campylobacter species in a further four samples. Routine parasitological examination revealed Toxocara species ova in nine (including four kittens stated to have been administered an anthelmintic) and Isospora species in four samples. No Giardia or Cryptosporidium species were detected by routine methods. A Giardia species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit designed for use in cats was positive in three kittens. A similar test kit designed for use in humans was negative in all samples and produced negative results even when known positive samples were tested. Potentially pathogenic enteric organisms were detected in 19 kittens by routine methods and 26 (prevalence 45%) by all methods. The high prevalence in asymptomatic kittens highlights the possibility that the detection of these organisms in kittens with gastrointestinal disease may be an incidental finding.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Newborn/microbiology ; Campylobacter/isolation & purification ; Cat Diseases/epidemiology ; Cat Diseases/microbiology ; Cat Diseases/parasitology ; Cats ; Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/veterinary ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Prevalence ; Salmonella/isolation & purification ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Toxocara/isolation & purification ; Toxocariasis/epidemiology ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2049047-1
ISSN	1532-2750 ; 1098-612X
ISSN (online)	1532-2750
ISSN	1098-612X
DOI	10.1016/j.jfms.2008.12.007
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Article ; Online: Cloning and expression of feline colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) and analysis of the species specificity of stimulation by colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34).

Gow, Deborah J / Garceau, Valerie / Pridans, Clare / Gow, Adam G / Simpson, Kerry E / Gunn-Moore, Danielle / Hume, David A

Cytokine

2012 Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 630–638

Abstract: Colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) and its receptor, CSF-1R, have been previously well studied in humans and rodents to dissect the role they play in development of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. A second ligand for the CSF-1R, IL-34 has been ... ...

Abstract	Colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) and its receptor, CSF-1R, have been previously well studied in humans and rodents to dissect the role they play in development of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. A second ligand for the CSF-1R, IL-34 has been described in several species. In this study, we have cloned and expressed the feline CSF-1R and examined the responsiveness to CSF-1 and IL-34 from a range of species. The results indicate that pig and human CSF-1 and human IL-34 are equally effective in cats, where both mouse CSF-1 and IL-34 are significantly less active. Recombinant human CSF-1 can be used to generate populations of feline bone marrow and monocyte derived macrophages that can be used to further dissect macrophage-specific gene expression in this species, and to compare it to data derived from mouse, human and pig. These results set the scene for therapeutic use of CSF-1 and IL-34 in cats.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects ; Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism ; Cats ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Humans ; Interleukins/pharmacology ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phagocytosis/drug effects ; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/chemistry ; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics ; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Species Specificity ; Sus scrofa
Chemical Substances	DNA, Complementary ; IL34 protein, human ; Interleukins ; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Recombinant Proteins ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (81627-83-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-12-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1018055-2
ISSN	1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
ISSN (online)	1096-0023
ISSN	1043-4666
DOI	10.1016/j.cyto.2012.11.014
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Cloning and expression of feline colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) and analysis of the species specificity of stimulation by colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34)

Gow, Deborah J / Garceau, Valerie / Pridans, Clare / Gow, Adam G / Simpson, Kerry E / Gunn-Moore, Danielle / Hume, David A

Cytokine. 2013 Feb., v. 61, no. 2

2013

Abstract	Colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) and its receptor, CSF-1R, have been previously well studied in humans and rodents to dissect the role they play in development of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. A second ligand for the CSF-1R, IL-34 has been described in several species. In this study, we have cloned and expressed the feline CSF-1R and examined the responsiveness to CSF-1 and IL-34 from a range of species. The results indicate that pig and human CSF-1 and human IL-34 are equally effective in cats, where both mouse CSF-1 and IL-34 are significantly less active. Recombinant human CSF-1 can be used to generate populations of feline bone marrow and monocyte derived macrophages that can be used to further dissect macrophage-specific gene expression in this species, and to compare it to data derived from mouse, human and pig. These results set the scene for therapeutic use of CSF-1 and IL-34 in cats.
Keywords	bone marrow ; cats ; colony-stimulating factors ; gene expression ; humans ; macrophages ; mice ; swine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-02
Size	p. 630-638.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1018055-2
ISSN	1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
ISSN (online)	1096-0023
ISSN	1043-4666
DOI	10.1016/j.cyto.2012.11.014
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Prevalence of Potentially Pathogenic Enteric Organisms in Clinically Healthy Kittens in the UK

Gow, Adam G / Chris Clarke / Deborah J. Gow / Debra Langton / Edward J. Hall / Kostas Papasouliotis

Journal of feline medicine and surgery. , v. 11, no. 8

2009

Abstract	Faecal samples were collected from 57 clinically healthy kittens presented for initial vaccination, in the UK. Routine bacteriological examination identified Salmonella species in one and Campylobacter species in five samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected the presence of Campylobacter species in a further four samples. Routine parasitological examination revealed Toxocara species ova in nine (including four kittens stated to have been administered an anthelmintic) and Isospora species in four samples. No Giardia or Cryptosporidium species were detected by routine methods. A Giardia species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit designed for use in cats was positive in three kittens. A similar test kit designed for use in humans was negative in all samples and produced negative results even when known positive samples were tested. Potentially pathogenic enteric organisms were detected in 19 kittens by routine methods and 26 (prevalence 45%) by all methods. The high prevalence in asymptomatic kittens highlights the possibility that the detection of these organisms in kittens with gastrointestinal disease may be an incidental finding.
Keywords	Campylobacter ; disease prevalence ; enteropathogens ; kittens ; Salmonella ; Great Britain ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-08
Size	p. 655-662.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2049047-1
ISSN	1532-2750 ; 1098-612X
ISSN (online)	1532-2750
ISSN	1098-612X
DOI	10.1016/j.jfms.2008.12.007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Cloning and expression of porcine Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1) and Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) and analysis of the species specificity of stimulation by CSF-1 and Interleukin 34.

Gow, Deborah J / Garceau, Valerie / Kapetanovic, Ronan / Sester, David P / Fici, Greg J / Shelly, John A / Wilson, Thomas L / Hume, David A

Cytokine

2012 Volume 60, Issue 3, Page(s) 793–805

Abstract: Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) controls the survival, differentiation and proliferation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. A second ligand for the CSF-1R, Interleukin 34 (IL-34), has been described, but its physiological role is ... ...

Abstract	Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) controls the survival, differentiation and proliferation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. A second ligand for the CSF-1R, Interleukin 34 (IL-34), has been described, but its physiological role is not yet known. The domestic pig provides an alternative to traditional rodent models for evaluating potential therapeutic applications of CSF-1R agonists and antagonists. To enable such studies, we cloned and expressed active pig CSF-1. To provide a bioassay, pig CSF-1R was expressed in the factor-dependent Ba/F3 cell line. On this transfected cell line, recombinant porcine CSF-1 and human CSF-1 had identical activity. Mouse CSF-1 does not interact with the human CSF-1 receptor but was active on pig. By contrast, porcine CSF-1 was active on mouse, human, cat and dog cells. IL-34 was previously shown to be species-specific, with mouse and human proteins demonstrating limited cross-species activity. The pig CSF-1R was equally responsive to both mouse and human IL-34. Based upon the published crystal structures of CSF-1/CSF-1R and IL34/CSF-1R complexes, we discuss the molecular basis for the species specificity.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cats ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dogs ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukins/immunology ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/chemistry ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism ; Macrophages/cytology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/chemistry ; Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics ; Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; Species Specificity ; Swine
Chemical Substances	IL34 protein, human ; Interleukins ; Recombinant Proteins ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (81627-83-0) ; Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (EC 2.7.10.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-09-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1018055-2
ISSN	1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
ISSN (online)	1096-0023
ISSN	1043-4666
DOI	10.1016/j.cyto.2012.08.008
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Cloning and expression of porcine Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1) and Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) and analysis of the species specificity of stimulation by CSF-1 and Interleukin 34

Gow, Deborah J / Garceau, Valerie / Kapetanovic, Ronan / Sester, David P / Fici, Greg J / Shelly, John A / Wilson, Thomas L / Hume, David A

Cytokine. 2012 Dec., v. 60, no. 3

2012

Abstract	Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) controls the survival, differentiation and proliferation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. A second ligand for the CSF-1R, Interleukin 34 (IL-34), has been described, but its physiological role is not yet known. The domestic pig provides an alternative to traditional rodent models for evaluating potential therapeutic applications of CSF-1R agonists and antagonists. To enable such studies, we cloned and expressed active pig CSF-1. To provide a bioassay, pig CSF-1R was expressed in the factor-dependent Ba/F3 cell line. On this transfected cell line, recombinant porcine CSF-1 and human CSF-1 had identical activity. Mouse CSF-1 does not interact with the human CSF-1 receptor but was active on pig. By contrast, porcine CSF-1 was active on mouse, human, cat and dog cells. IL-34 was previously shown to be species-specific, with mouse and human proteins demonstrating limited cross-species activity. The pig CSF-1R was equally responsive to both mouse and human IL-34. Based upon the published crystal structures of CSF-1/CSF-1R and IL34/CSF-1R complexes, we discuss the molecular basis for the species specificity.
Keywords	agonists ; animal models ; antagonists ; bioassays ; cats ; colony-stimulating factors ; crystal structure ; dogs ; humans ; interleukins ; macrophages ; mice ; proteins ; swine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-12
Size	p. 793-805.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1018055-2
ISSN	1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
ISSN (online)	1096-0023
ISSN	1043-4666
DOI	10.1016/j.cyto.2012.08.008
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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