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  1. Article ; Online: Is it good to feel bad about littering? Conflict between moral beliefs and behaviors for everyday transgressions.

    Schwartz, Stephanie A / Inbar, Yoel

    Cognition

    2023  Volume 236, Page(s) 105437

    Abstract: People sometimes do things that they think are morally wrong. We investigate how actors' perceptions of the morality of their own behaviors affects observer evaluations. In Study 1 (n = 302), we presented participants with six different descriptions of ... ...

    Abstract People sometimes do things that they think are morally wrong. We investigate how actors' perceptions of the morality of their own behaviors affects observer evaluations. In Study 1 (n = 302), we presented participants with six different descriptions of actors who routinely engaged in a morally questionable behavior and varied whether the actors thought the behavior was morally wrong. Actors who believed their behavior was wrong were seen as having better moral character, but their behavior was rated as more wrong. In Study 2 (n = 391) we investigated whether perceptions of actor metadesires were responsible for the effects of actor beliefs on character judgments. We used the same stimuli and measures as in Study 1 but added a measure of the actor's perceived desires to engage in the behaviors. As predicted, the effect of actors' moral beliefs on judgments of their moral character was mediated by perceived metadesires. In Study 3 (n = 1092) we replicated these findings in a between-participants design and further found that the effect of actor beliefs on act and character judgments was moderated by participant beliefs about the general acceptability of the behavior.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Morals ; Judgment ; Emotions ; Character
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1499940-7
    ISSN 1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
    ISSN (online) 1873-7838
    ISSN 0010-0277
    DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105437
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: An Online Curriculum in the PICU-Do You Have Plans Tonight?

    Schwartz, Stephanie P / Turner, David A

    Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 11, Page(s) 1005–1006

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Critical Care ; Curriculum ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Rotation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2052349-X
    ISSN 1947-3893 ; 1529-7535
    ISSN (online) 1947-3893
    ISSN 1529-7535
    DOI 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002530
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Adolescent, Parent, and Provider Perceptions of a Predictive Algorithm to Identify Adolescent Suicide Risk in Primary Care.

    Davis, Molly / Dysart, Gillian C / Doupnik, Stephanie K / Hamm, Megan E / Schwartz, Karen T G / George-Milford, Brandie / Ryan, Neal D / Melhem, Nadine M / Stepp, Stephanie D / Brent, David A / Young, Jami F

    Academic pediatrics

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: To understand adolescent, parent, and provider perceptions of a machine learning algorithm for detecting adolescent suicide risk prior to its implementation primary care.: Methods: We conducted semi-structured, qualitative interviews with ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To understand adolescent, parent, and provider perceptions of a machine learning algorithm for detecting adolescent suicide risk prior to its implementation primary care.
    Methods: We conducted semi-structured, qualitative interviews with adolescents (n = 9), parents (n = 12), and providers (n = 10; mixture of behavioral health and primary care providers) across two major health systems. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed with analyses supported by use of NVivo. A codebook was developed combining codes derived inductively from interview transcripts and deductively from implementation science frameworks for content analysis.
    Results: Reactions to the algorithm were mixed. While many participants expressed privacy concerns, they believed the algorithm could be clinically useful for identifying adolescents at risk for suicide and facilitating follow-up. Parents' past experiences with their adolescents' suicidal thoughts and behaviors contributed to their openness to the algorithm. Results also aligned with several key Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains. For example, providers mentioned barriers inherent to the primary care setting such as time and resource constraints likely to impact algorithm implementation. Participants also cited a climate of mistrust of science and health care as potential barriers.
    Conclusions: Findings shed light on factors that warrant consideration to promote successful implementation of suicide predictive algorithms in pediatric primary care. By attending to perspectives of potential end users prior to the development and testing of the algorithm, we can ensure that the risk prediction methods will be well-suited to the providers who would be interacting with them and the families who could benefit.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2483385-X
    ISSN 1876-2867 ; 1876-2859
    ISSN (online) 1876-2867
    ISSN 1876-2859
    DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2023.12.015
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  4. Article ; Online: Interventions for anxiety and depression in patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Hartono, Stella P / Chatrath, Sheena / Aktas, Ozge N / Kubala, Stephanie A / Capozza, Korey / Myles, Ian A / Silverberg, Jonathan I / Schwartz, Alan

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8844

    Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with anxiety and depression. Few studies have addressed interventions for symptoms of anxiety and depression in this population. To determine the efficacy of interventions ... ...

    Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with anxiety and depression. Few studies have addressed interventions for symptoms of anxiety and depression in this population. To determine the efficacy of interventions for anxiety and depression in patients with AD. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to November 2023. English-language studies published in peer-reviewed journals evaluating the effect of interventions on anxiety and/or depression using validated assessment tools on patients with AD were included. Titles, abstracts, and articles were screened by at least two independent reviewers. Of 1410 references that resulted in the initial search, 17 studies were included. Fourteen of these studies are randomized controlled trials, while the other 3 studies are prospective controlled trials with pre and post-test designs. Data were extracted using a standardized extraction form, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. To accommodate trials with multiple interventions (each compared to a control group), we conducted a mixed-effects meta-analysis with the trial as a random effect. Prespecified outcomes were changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with AD as evaluated using standardized assessment tools. Of the 17 studies included in this systematic review, 7 pharmacological intervention studies with 4723 participants examining 5 different medications were included in a meta-analysis. Of these studies, only 1 study evaluated medications prescribed to treat anxiety and/or depression; the rest evaluated medications prescribed to treat AD. Meta-analysis of all the pharmacological interventions resulted in significant improvement in anxiety, depression, and combined anxiety-depression scale scores (standardized mean difference [95% CI]: - 0.29 [- 0.49 to - 0.09], - 0.27 [- 0.45 to - 0.08], - 0.27 [- 0.45 to - 0.08]) respectively. The 10 non-pharmacological studies with 2058 participants showed general improvement in anxiety but not depression. A meta-analysis of the non-pharmacological interventions was not conducted due to variable approaches and limited data. Pharmacological interventions designed to improve AD were found to improve anxiety and depression in patients with moderate-severe disease. More comprehensive studies on non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions that primarily target anxiety and depression are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Depression/therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Anxiety/therapy ; Anxiety Disorders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-59162-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: More rapid bone mineral density loss in older men with diabetes: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study.

    Tramontana, Flavia / Napoli, Nicola / Litwack-Harrison, Stephanie / Bauer, Douglas C / Orwoll, Eric S / Cauley, Jane A / Strotmeyer, Elsa S / Schwartz, Ann V

    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

    2024  

    Abstract: Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with more rapid bone loss in women, but less evidence is available for men or those with prediabetes.: Objective: To determine whether bone loss rate is affected by diabetes status in older men, ... ...

    Abstract Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with more rapid bone loss in women, but less evidence is available for men or those with prediabetes.
    Objective: To determine whether bone loss rate is affected by diabetes status in older men, we analyzed data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study.
    Methods: The multisite MrOS study enrolled 5,994 men aged ≥65 years. Diabetes status was defined by self-report, diabetes medication use, or elevated fasting serum glucose at baseline. Hip bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and a follow-up visit after 4.6 ± 0.4 years. This analysis included 4095 men, excluding those without a follow-up DXA or with unknown diabetes status. Changes in hip BMD in participants with normoglycemia (NG), prediabetes, or T2D, excluding thiazolidinedione (TZD) users, were evaluated using generalized linear models (GLM). Diabetes medication use and BMD loss among those with T2D were also evaluated with GLM.
    Results: In adjusted models, loss in hip BMD was greater in men with T2D (- 2.23%: 95% CI: -2.54 to -1.91; p<0.001) but not in men with prediabetes (-1.45%; 95% CI -1.63 to -1.26; p=0.33) compared to NG (-1.57%: 95% CI -1.73 to -1.41). Among men with T2D, TZD, insulin and sulfonylurea use were associated with greater hip BMD loss.
    Conclusions: Men with T2D, but not prediabetes, experienced an accelerated bone loss compared to participants with normoglycemia. More rapid bone loss predicts increased risk of fractures and mortality in broader populations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3029-6
    ISSN 1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
    ISSN (online) 1945-7197
    ISSN 0021-972X
    DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgae045
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review of Biomechanics and Molecular Pathophysiology.

    Orr, Taylor J / Lesha, Emal / Kramer, Alexandra H / Cecia, Arba / Dugan, John E / Schwartz, Barrett / Einhaus, Stephanie L

    World neurosurgery

    2024  Volume 185, Page(s) 74–88

    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health concern with profound consequences for affected individuals. This comprehensive literature review delves into TBI intricacies, encompassing primary injury biomechanics and the molecular ... ...

    Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health concern with profound consequences for affected individuals. This comprehensive literature review delves into TBI intricacies, encompassing primary injury biomechanics and the molecular pathophysiology of the secondary injury cascade. Primary TBI involves a complex interplay of forces, including impact loading, blast overpressure, and impulsive loading, leading to diverse injury patterns. These forces can be categorized into inertial (e.g., rotational acceleration causing focal and diffuse injuries) and contact forces (primarily causing focal injuries like skull fractures). Understanding their interactions is crucial for effective injury management. The secondary injury cascade in TBI comprises multifaceted molecular and cellular responses, including altered ion concentrations, dysfunctional neurotransmitter networks, oxidative stress, and cellular energy disturbances. These disruptions impair synaptic function, neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity, resulting in cognitive and behavioral deficits. Moreover, neuroinflammatory responses play a pivotal role in exacerbating damage. As we endeavor to bridge the knowledge gap between biomechanics and molecular pathophysiology, further research is imperative to unravel the nuanced interplay between mechanical forces and their consequences at the molecular and cellular levels, ultimately guiding the development of targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate the debilitating effects of TBI. In this study, we aim to provide a concise review of the bridge between biomechanical processes causing primary injury and the ensuing molecular pathophysiology of secondary injury, while detailing the subsequent clinical course for this patient population. This knowledge is crucial for advancing our understanding of TBI and developing effective interventions to improve outcomes for those affected.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.084
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  7. Article: Advances in NK cell therapy for brain tumors.

    Fares, Jawad / Davis, Zachary B / Rechberger, Julian S / Toll, Stephanie A / Schwartz, Jonathan D / Daniels, David J / Miller, Jeffrey S / Khatua, Soumen

    NPJ precision oncology

    2023  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 17

    Abstract: Despite advances in treatment regimens that comprise surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, outcome of many brain tumors remains dismal, more so when they recur. The proximity of brain tumors to delicate neural structures often precludes complete surgical ...

    Abstract Despite advances in treatment regimens that comprise surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, outcome of many brain tumors remains dismal, more so when they recur. The proximity of brain tumors to delicate neural structures often precludes complete surgical resection. Toxicity and long-term side effects of systemic therapy remain a concern. Novel therapies are warranted. The field of NK cell-based cancer therapy has grown exponentially and currently constitutes a major area of immunotherapy innovation. This provides a new avenue for the treatment of cancerous lesions in the brain. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which the brain tumor microenvironment suppresses NK cell mediated tumor control, and the methods being used to create NK cell products that subvert immune suppression. We discuss the pre-clinical studies evaluating NK cell-based immunotherapies that target several neuro-malignancies and highlight advances in molecular imaging of NK cells that allow monitoring of NK cell-based therapeutics. We review current and ongoing NK cell based clinical trials in neuro-oncology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2397-768X
    ISSN 2397-768X
    DOI 10.1038/s41698-023-00356-1
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  8. Article ; Online: Characterizing microglial senescence: Tau as a key player.

    Karabag, Deniz / Scheiblich, Hannah / Griep, Angelika / Santarelli, Francesco / Schwartz, Stephanie / Heneka, Michael T / Ising, Christina

    Journal of neurochemistry

    2023  Volume 166, Issue 3, Page(s) 517–533

    Abstract: The highest risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases like tauopathies is aging. Many physiological decrements underlying aging are linked to cellular senescence. Senescent cells are characterized by an irreversible growth arrest and ... ...

    Abstract The highest risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases like tauopathies is aging. Many physiological decrements underlying aging are linked to cellular senescence. Senescent cells are characterized by an irreversible growth arrest and formation of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a proinflammatory secretome that modifies the cellular microenvironment and contributes to tissue deterioration. Microglia, the innate immune cells in the brain, can enter a senescent state during aging. In addition, senescent microglia have been identified in the brains of tau-transgenic mice and patients suffering from tauopathies. While the contribution of senescent microglia to the development of tauopathies and other neurodegenerative diseases is a growing area of research, the effect of tau on microglial senescence remains elusive. Here, we exposed primary microglia to 5 and 15 nanomolar (nM) of monomeric tau for 18 h, followed by a recovery period of 48 h. Using multiple senescence markers, we found that exposure to 15 nM, but not 5 nM of tau increased levels of cell cycle arrest and a DNA damage marker, induced loss of the nuclear envelope protein lamin B1 and the histone marker H3K9me3, impaired tau clearance and migration, altered the cell morphology and resulted in formation of a SASP. Taken together, we show that exposure to tau can lead to microglial senescence. As senescent cells were shown to negatively impact tau pathologies, this suggests the presence of a vicious circle, which should be further investigated in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Microglia ; Aging/genetics ; Cellular Senescence/physiology ; Tauopathies ; Biomarkers ; Mice, Transgenic
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80158-6
    ISSN 1471-4159 ; 0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
    ISSN (online) 1471-4159
    ISSN 0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
    DOI 10.1111/jnc.15866
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  9. Article ; Online: Housing instability and psychological distress in African American cancer survivors: findings from the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors study.

    Robinson, Jamaica R M / Hastert, Theresa A / Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer L / Schwartz, Ann G / Ruterbusch, Julie J / Pandolfi, Stephanie S / Rundle, Andrew G

    Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice

    2023  

    Abstract: Purpose: As health care systems seek to screen for and address housing instability in patient populations, robust evidence linking unstable housing to patient-reported outcomes is needed. Housing instability may increase psychological distress in cancer ...

    Abstract Purpose: As health care systems seek to screen for and address housing instability in patient populations, robust evidence linking unstable housing to patient-reported outcomes is needed. Housing instability may increase psychological distress in cancer survivors, potentially more so among African American cancer survivors who are also likely to experience disproportionate burden of housing instability. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate associations between housing instability and psychological distress in African Americans diagnosed with cancer.
    Methods: We included survey responses from 2875 African American cancer survivors in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors (ROCS) study. We examined how housing instability at enrollment, using an item adapted from the Health Leads Screening Toolkit, related to psychological distress at enrollment, using Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS) 4-item anxiety and depression short forms. Linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors were used to estimate associations overall and stratified by stage at diagnosis.
    Results: Approximately 12% of participants reported being unstably housed. Housing instability was associated with significant differences in PROMIS scores for both anxiety (difference: 6.79; 95% CI: 5.57-8.01) and depression (difference: 6.16; 95% CI: 4.99-7.34). We did not find meaningful differences stratifying by disease stage.
    Conclusion: Housing instability was experienced by over a tenth of this cohort of African American cancer survivors and was related to statistically and clinically meaningful differences in psychological distress even following adjustment for sociodemographics.
    Implications for cancer survivors: These findings provide evidence supporting screening of housing instability in cancer survivors, especially those from medically underserved populations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2388888-X
    ISSN 1932-2267 ; 1932-2259
    ISSN (online) 1932-2267
    ISSN 1932-2259
    DOI 10.1007/s11764-023-01471-5
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  10. Article ; Online: Indoor and ambient black carbon and fine particulate matter associations with blood biomarkers in COPD patients.

    Zhang, Cathy L / Maccarone, Jennifer R / Grady, Stephanie T / Collins, Christina M / Moy, Marilyn L / Hart, Jaime E / Kang, Choong-Min / Coull, Brent A / Schwartz, Joel D / Koutrakis, Petros / Garshick, Eric

    The Science of the total environment

    2024  Volume 927, Page(s) 171897

    Abstract: Background: Systemic inflammation contributes to cardiovascular risk and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathophysiology. Associations between systemic inflammation and exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM ≤ 2.5 μm diameter; PM!## ...

    Abstract Background: Systemic inflammation contributes to cardiovascular risk and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathophysiology. Associations between systemic inflammation and exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM ≤ 2.5 μm diameter; PM
    Methods: Between 2012 and 2017, COPD patients completed in-home air sampling over one-week intervals, up to four times (seasonally), followed by measurement of plasma biomarkers of systemic inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and endothelial activation, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1). Ambient PM
    Results: 144 participants resulting in 482 observations were included in the analysis. There were significant positive associations between indoor BC and indoor BC of ambient origin with CRP [%-increase per interquartile range (IQR);95 % CI (13.2 %;5.2-21.8 and 11.4 %;1.7-22.1, respectively)]. Associations with indoor PM
    Conclusions: In homes of patients with COPD without major sources of combustion, indoor BC is mainly attributable to the infiltration of ambient sources of combustion indoors. Indoor BC of ambient origin is associated with increases in systemic inflammation in patients with COPD, even when staying indoors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171897
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