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  1. Article ; Online: Research Note: Phenotypic trends for the multigenerational advanced intercross of the Virginia body weight lines of chickens.

    Siegel, P B / Honaker, C F / Andersson, L

    Poultry science

    2024  Volume 103, Issue 4, Page(s) 103480

    Abstract: Random samples from generation ... ...

    Abstract Random samples from generation S
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Male ; Animals ; Chickens/genetics ; Virginia ; Crosses, Genetic ; Chromosome Mapping/veterinary ; Body Weight/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 242586-5
    ISSN 1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
    ISSN (online) 1525-3171
    ISSN 0032-5791
    DOI 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103480
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Characterization of methylation of rat liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferases by using reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and chromatofocusing.

    Johnson, J A / Neal, T L / Collins, J H / Siegel, F L

    The Biochemical journal

    1990  Volume 270, Issue 2, Page(s) 483–489

    Abstract: ... c.; five major proteins were isolated and identified as subunits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8. F.p.l.c ... class) dimeric peaks of GST activity were 1-1, 1-2a, 1-2b, 2-2a and 2-2b. Reverse-phase h.p.l.c ... before reverse-phase h.p.l.c. or f.p.l.c. chromatofocusing. Chromatofocusing indicated that the Mu class isoforms ...

    Abstract Glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunits in rat liver cytosol were separated by reverse-phase h.p.l.c.; five major proteins were isolated and identified as subunits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8. F.p.l.c. chromatofocusing resolved the affinity-purified GST pool into nine different isoenzymes. The five basic (Alpha class) dimeric peaks of GST activity were 1-1, 1-2a, 1-2b, 2-2a and 2-2b. Reverse-phase h.p.l.c. analysis revealed that subunit 8 was also present in the protein peaks designated 1-1, 1-2a and 1-2b. The four neutral (Mu class) isoenzymes were 3-3, 3-4, 3-6 and 4-4. The GST pool was methylated in vitro before reverse-phase h.p.l.c. or f.p.l.c. chromatofocusing. Chromatofocusing indicated that the Mu class isoforms (3-3, 3-4 and 4-4) were the primary GSTs methylated, and h.p.l.c. analysis confirmed that subunits 3 and 4 were the major methyl-accepting GST subunits. The addition of calmodulin stimulated the methylation in vitro of GST isoenzymes 3-3, 3-4 and 4-4 by 3.0-, 7.5- and 9.9-fold respectively. Reverse-phase h.p.l.c. also indicated that only the methylation of GST subunits 3 and 4 was stimulated by calmodulin. Basic GST isoenzymes were minimally methylated and the methylation was not enhanced by calmodulin. Investigation of the time course of methylation of GST subunits 3 and 4 indicated that at incubation times less than 4 h the methylation of both Mu class subunits was stimulated by calmodulin, and that under such conditions subunit 4 was the preferred substrate. In contrast, there was essentially no calmodulin-stimulated methylation at incubation times of 4 or 6 h, and the methylation of subunit 3 was predominant. Kinetic parameters at 2 h of incubation were determined in the presence and in the absence of calmodulin. The addition of calmodulin doubled the Vmax. for methylation of both subunits 3 and 4 and decreased the Km of subunit 4 for S-adenosyl-L-methionine 3.6-fold. Finally, methylation was substoichiometric and after 6 h of incubation ranged from 2.8 to 7.6% on a mole-to-mole basis for subunits 4 and 3 respectively.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Calmodulin/pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Glutathione Transferase/isolation & purification ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/isolation & purification ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Liver/enzymology ; Male ; Methylation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Chemical Substances Calmodulin ; Isoenzymes ; Glutathione Transferase (EC 2.5.1.18)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1990-09-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2969-5
    ISSN 1470-8728 ; 0264-6021 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275
    ISSN (online) 1470-8728
    ISSN 0264-6021 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275
    DOI 10.1042/bj2700483
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Excited-Band Coherent Delocalization for Improved Optical Lattice Clock Performance.

    Siegel, J L / McGrew, W F / Hassan, Y S / Chen, C-C / Beloy, K / Grogan, T / Zhang, X / Ludlow, A D

    Physical review letters

    2024  Volume 132, Issue 13, Page(s) 133201

    Abstract: We implement coherent delocalization as a tool for improving the two primary metrics of atomic clock performance: systematic uncertainty and instability. By decreasing atomic density with coherent delocalization, we suppress cold-collision shifts and two- ...

    Abstract We implement coherent delocalization as a tool for improving the two primary metrics of atomic clock performance: systematic uncertainty and instability. By decreasing atomic density with coherent delocalization, we suppress cold-collision shifts and two-body losses. Atom loss attributed to Landau-Zener tunneling in the ground lattice band would compromise coherent delocalization at low trap depths for our ^{171}Yb atoms; hence, we implement for the first time delocalization in excited lattice bands. Doing so increases the spatial distribution of atoms trapped in the vertically oriented optical lattice by ∼7 times. At the same time, we observe a reduction of the cold-collision shift by 6.5(8) times, while also making inelastic two-body loss negligible. With these advantages, we measure the trap-light-induced quenching rate and natural lifetime of the ^{3}P_{0} excited state as 5.7(7)×10^{-4}  E_{r}^{-1} s^{-1} and 19(2) s, respectively.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.133201
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  4. Article ; Online: CT-derived textural analysis parameters discriminate high-attenuation renal cysts from solid renal neoplasms.

    Ludwig, D R / Thacker, Y / Luo, C / Narra, A / Mintz, A J / Siegel, C L

    Clinical radiology

    2023  Volume 78, Issue 10, Page(s) e782–e790

    Abstract: Aim: To assess the utility of textural features on computed tomography (CT) to differentiate high-attenuation cysts from solid renal neoplasms among indeterminate renal lesions detected incidentally on CT.: Materials and methods: Patients were ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To assess the utility of textural features on computed tomography (CT) to differentiate high-attenuation cysts from solid renal neoplasms among indeterminate renal lesions detected incidentally on CT.
    Materials and methods: Patients were included if they had an indeterminate renal lesion on CT that was subsequently characterised on ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Up to three lesions per patient were included if they had a size ≥10 mm and density of 20-70 HU on unenhanced CT or any single phase of contrast-enhanced CT. Cases were categorised as benign or most likely benign cysts (Bosniak II and IIF) versus indeterminate (Bosniak III), mixed solid and cystic (Bosniak IV), or solid renal lesions. A random forest model was generated using 95 textural parameters and four clinical parameters for each lesion.
    Results: Two hundred and thirty-four patients were included who had a total of 278 lesions. Of these, 193 (69%) were benign or most likely benign cysts and 85 (31%) were indeterminate, mixed cystic and solid, or solid renal lesions. The random forest model had an area under the curve of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65, 0.78), with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.2% and 38.9%, respectively.
    Conclusion: A multivariate model including textural and clinical parameters had moderate overall performance for discriminating benign or likely benign cysts from indeterminate, mixed solid and cystic, or solid renal lesions. This study serves as a proof of concept and may reduce the need for further follow-up by characterising a significant portion of indeterminate lesions on CT as benign.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Kidney/diagnostic imaging ; Cysts ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391227-9
    ISSN 1365-229X ; 0009-9260
    ISSN (online) 1365-229X
    ISSN 0009-9260
    DOI 10.1016/j.crad.2023.07.003
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  5. Article ; Online: Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Canada: What Do Rates at Age 50 Years Reflect?

    Fedewa, Stacey A / Anderson, Joseph C / Siegel, Rebecca L

    Journal of the National Cancer Institute

    2021  Volume 113, Issue 7, Page(s) 805–807

    MeSH term(s) Canada/epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Registries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2992-0
    ISSN 1460-2105 ; 0027-8874 ; 0198-0157
    ISSN (online) 1460-2105
    ISSN 0027-8874 ; 0198-0157
    DOI 10.1093/jnci/djaa221
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Double-Negative Results Matter: A Reevaluation of Sensitivities for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using Saliva Versus Nasopharyngeal Swabs.

    Wang, Zheng / Liu, Yu-Lun / Chen, Yong / Siegel, Lianne / Cappelleri, Joseph C / Chu, Haitao

    American journal of epidemiology

    2024  Volume 193, Issue 3, Page(s) 548–560

    Abstract: In a recent systematic review, Bastos et al. (Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(4):501-510) compared the sensitivities of saliva sampling and nasopharyngeal swabs in the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by ... ...

    Abstract In a recent systematic review, Bastos et al. (Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(4):501-510) compared the sensitivities of saliva sampling and nasopharyngeal swabs in the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by assuming a composite reference standard defined as positive if either test is positive and negative if both tests are negative (double negative). Even under a perfect specificity assumption, this approach ignores the double-negative results and risks overestimating the sensitivities due to residual misclassification. In this article, we first illustrate the impact of double-negative results in the estimation of the sensitivities in a single study, and then propose a 2-step latent class meta-analysis method for reevaluating both sensitivities using the same published data set as that used in Bastos et al. by properly including the observed double-negative results. We also conduct extensive simulation studies to compare the performance of the proposed method with Bastos et al.'s method for varied levels of prevalence and between-study heterogeneity. The results demonstrate that the sensitivities are overestimated noticeably using Bastos et al.'s method, and the proposed method provides a more accurate evaluation with nearly no bias and close-to-nominal coverage probability. In conclusion, double-negative results can significantly impact the estimated sensitivities when a gold standard is absent, and thus they should be properly incorporated.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Negative Results ; Saliva ; Nasopharynx
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/aje/kwad212
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  7. Article ; Online: The longitudinal association between coupon receipt and established cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in USA.

    Siegel, Leeann Nicole / Cook, Steven / Oh, Hayoung / Liber, Alex C / Levy, David T / Fleischer, Nancy L

    Tobacco control

    2023  

    Abstract: Introduction: Tobacco companies frequently distribute coupons for their products. This marketing tactic may be particularly effective among young adults, who tend to be especially price-sensitive. Young adulthood is also a stage during which many ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Tobacco companies frequently distribute coupons for their products. This marketing tactic may be particularly effective among young adults, who tend to be especially price-sensitive. Young adulthood is also a stage during which many individuals initiate established cigarette smoking and are especially vulnerable to the effects of tobacco marketing.
    Methods: We used five waves of data from the US Population Assessment on Tobacco and Health Study (2013-2019) to assess the longitudinal relationship between cigarette coupon receipt and initiation of established cigarette smoking among young adults (18-24 years) who did not report current smoking and had smoked <100 cigarettes in their lifetime at baseline. Initiation of established cigarette smoking was defined as reporting current cigarette use and having smoked ≥100 cigarettes at follow-up. To test this relationship, we fit four discrete time survival models to an unbalanced person-period data set. The first model included our time-varying coupon receipt variable, which was lagged one wave. Subsequent models added sociodemographic, cigarette smoking exposure and other tobacco use variables.
    Results: Adopting the model adjusting for sociodemographic variables, respondents who received a coupon were found to be more likely to initiate established cigarette smoking at follow-up (adjusted HR (aHR): 2.31, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.80). This relationship remained significant when controlling for all covariates in the fully adjusted model (aHR: 1.96, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.26).
    Conclusions: These findings show that receiving tobacco coupons may increase the likelihood that young adults will initiate established cigarette smoking, underscoring the need to address the effects of this tobacco marketing tactic.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1146554-2
    ISSN 1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
    ISSN (online) 1468-3318
    ISSN 0964-4563
    DOI 10.1136/tc-2023-058065
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  8. Article: Interactions of C-reactive protein with the complement system. II. C-reactive protein-mediated consumption of complement by poly-L-lysine polymers and other polycations.

    Siegel, J / Osmand, A P / Wilson, M F / Gewurz, H

    The Journal of experimental medicine

    1975  Volume 142, Issue 3, Page(s) 709–721

    Abstract: Cationic homopolymers of poly-L-lysine were found to activate complement (C) via C-reactive protein ... histones; poly-L-arginine polymers of 17,000 but not 65,000 daltons also were C-consuming. Polycations ... CRP) and deplete C3 and C5 as well as early-acting C components. Maximum C consumption was obtained ...

    Abstract Cationic homopolymers of poly-L-lysine were found to activate complement (C) via C-reactive protein (CRP) and deplete C3 and C5 as well as early-acting C components. Maximum C consumption was obtained with polymers of 2,000-8,000 daltons; polymers of 1,700, 11,000, and 23,000 daltons were intermediate in reactivity, while L-lysine, lysyl-L-lysine, tetra-L-lysine, and polymers of 70,000-400,000 daltons lacked significant C-consuming activity. Naturally occurring polycations which consumed C in the presence of CRP included myelin basic proteins, cationic proteins of rabbit leukocytes, and both lysine- and arginine-rich histones; poly-L-arginine polymers of 17,000 but not 65,000 daltons also were C-consuming. Polycations without such reactivity included poly-L-orithine (5,000 and 165,000 daltons), egg white and human lysozymes, and Polybrene. The polycations which failed to induce C consumption via CRP, inhibited its consumption by both active polycations and by C-polysaccharide (CPS). The relative inhibitory capacity of phosphorylcholine and polycations in CPS- and polycations-CRP systems was consistent with the concept that phosphate esters and polycations react at the same or an overlapping combining site. The ability of certain polycations to activate C via CRP increases the potential for initiation of host reactions via C. The capacity of other polycations to inhibit C activation via CRP introduces a potential for physiologic or pharmacologic manipulation. These considerations would seem to expand the potential role of CRP in the initiation and modulation of the inflammatory response.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies ; C-Reactive Protein/immunology ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism ; Cations, Divalent/metabolism ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Complement C3/metabolism ; Complement C5/metabolism ; Complement Inactivator Proteins ; Complement System Proteins/metabolism ; Cross Reactions ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Immunodiffusion ; Lysine/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Polymers/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antibodies ; Cations, Divalent ; Complement C3 ; Complement C5 ; Complement Inactivator Proteins ; Polymers ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7) ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1975-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218343-2
    ISSN 1540-9538 ; 0022-1007
    ISSN (online) 1540-9538
    ISSN 0022-1007
    DOI 10.1084/jem.142.3.709
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  9. Article ; Online: Red cell exchange for rapid leukoreduction in adults with hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis.

    Mack, Ethan A / Dougher, Meaghan C / Ginda, Ashley M / Cahill, Caitlin / Murter, Melissa / Schell, Kevin / Tanhehco, Yvette C / Bhoj, Vijay G / Fesnak, Andrew D / Siegel, Don L / Kambayashi, Taku / Aqui, Nicole A / O'Doherty, Una

    Blood

    2024  Volume 143, Issue 11, Page(s) 1049–1054

    Abstract: Abstract: We show that red cell exchange (RCE) treats hyperleukocytosis in acute leukemia. RCE provided similar leukoreduction to standard therapeutic leukoreduction and could be superior in patients with severe anemia or monocytic leukemias or when ... ...

    Abstract Abstract: We show that red cell exchange (RCE) treats hyperleukocytosis in acute leukemia. RCE provided similar leukoreduction to standard therapeutic leukoreduction and could be superior in patients with severe anemia or monocytic leukemias or when requiring rapid treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Leukostasis/therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/therapy ; Acute Disease ; Leukapheresis ; Leukocytosis/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80069-7
    ISSN 1528-0020 ; 0006-4971
    ISSN (online) 1528-0020
    ISSN 0006-4971
    DOI 10.1182/blood.2023021895
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  10. Article ; Online: Investigation of Sources of Fluorinated Compounds in Private Water Supplies in an Oil and Gas-Producing Region of Northern West Virginia.

    Siegel, Helen G / Nason, Sara L / Warren, Joshua L / Prunas, Ottavia / Deziel, Nicole C / Saiers, James E

    Environmental science & technology

    2023  Volume 57, Issue 45, Page(s) 17452–17464

    Abstract: ... public water supplies. Total targeted PFAS concentrations ranged from nondetect to 36.8 ng/L ...

    Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of toxic organic compounds that have been widely used in consumer applications and industrial activities, including oil and gas production. We measured PFAS concentrations in 45 private wells and 8 surface water sources in the oil and gas-producing Doddridge, Marshall, Ritchie, Tyler, and Wetzel Counties of northern West Virginia and investigated relationships between potential PFAS sources and drinking water receptors. All surface water samples and 60% of the water wells sampled contained quantifiable levels of at least one targeted PFAS compound, and four wells (8%) had concentrations above the proposed maximum contaminant level (MCL) for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Individual concentrations of PFOA and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid exceeded those measured in finished public water supplies. Total targeted PFAS concentrations ranged from nondetect to 36.8 ng/L, with surface water concentrations averaging 4-fold greater than groundwater. Semiquantitative, nontargeted analysis showed concentrations of emergent PFAS that were potentially higher than targeted PFAS. Results from a multivariate latent variable hierarchical Bayesian model were combined with insights from analyses of groundwater chemistry, topographic characteristics, and proximity to potential PFAS point sources to elucidate predictors of PFAS concentrations in private wells. Model results reveal (i) an increased vulnerability to contamination in upland recharge zones, (ii) geochemical controls on PFAS transport likely driven by adsorption, and (iii) possible influence from nearby point sources.
    MeSH term(s) West Virginia ; Bayes Theorem ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Fluorocarbons/analysis ; Water Supply ; Groundwater/chemistry ; Drinking Water/analysis ; Alkanesulfonic Acids/analysis
    Chemical Substances Water Pollutants, Chemical ; perfluorooctanoic acid (947VD76D3L) ; Fluorocarbons ; Drinking Water ; Alkanesulfonic Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.3c05192
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