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Article: Race-based trauma and post-traumatic growth through identity transformation.

Chin, Dorothy / Smith-Clapham, Amber M / Wyatt, Gail E

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1031602

Abstract: Race-based trauma has been linked to multiple adverse health and mental health outcomes, including hypertension, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression. While the possibility of post-traumatic growth (PTG) has been investigated following other ... ...

Abstract	Race-based trauma has been linked to multiple adverse health and mental health outcomes, including hypertension, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression. While the possibility of post-traumatic growth (PTG) has been investigated following other types of trauma, relatively less work has been done on PTG following race-based trauma. In this article, we present a theoretical framework integrating three areas of research: race-based trauma, PTG, and racial identity narratives. Based on the work on Black and Asian American identity and integrating theory and research on historical trauma and PTG, this framework posits that the transformation of externally imposed narratives into more authentic, internally generated ones can serve as an important influence that sparks PTG after racial trauma. Based on this framework, strategies and tools that enact the cognitive processes of PTG, including writing and storytelling, are suggested as ways to promote post-trauma growth in response to racial trauma.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1031602
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Article ; Online: Novel methodologies using history to document the effects of African American sexual trauma: Perspectives of Gail E. Wyatt, PhD.

Wyatt, Gail E / Loeb, Tamra Burns / Cooley-Strickland, Michele / Chin, Dorothy / Wyatt, Lance E / Smith-Clapham, Amber M

The American psychologist

2023 Volume 78, Issue 4, Page(s) 563–575

Abstract: This article describes the nearly half a century career of Dr. Gail E. Wyatt, PhD, and ... racial discrimination: identifying its effects as a form of trauma, and (d) the cultural relevance of promoting ...

Abstract	This article describes the nearly half a century career of Dr. Gail E. Wyatt, PhD, and her development of novel methodologies and measures of sexual trauma, specifically the Wyatt Sex History Questionnaire and the University of California, Los Angeles, Life Adversities Screener. These approaches broke the silence around experiences of sexual violence, particularly among African Americans, identifying their effects on sexual functioning and mental health. These novel methods are designed without assuming sexual literacy of respondents, knowledge of anatomy, or that discussing sex is easy or common; they include topics that are considered private and may evoke emotions. Trained professionals administering face-to-face interviews can serve to establish rapport and educate the participant or client while minimizing possible discomfort and shame around the disclosure of sexual practices. In this article, four topics are discussed focusing on African Americans, but they may also be relevant to other racial/ethnic groups: (a) breaking the silence about sex, (b) sexual harassment: its disclosure and effects in the workplace, (c) racial discrimination: identifying its effects as a form of trauma, and (d) the cultural relevance of promoting sexual health. Historical patterns of abuse and trauma can no longer be ignored but need to be better understood by psychologists and used to improve policy and treatment standards. Recommendations for advancing the field using novel methods are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Black or African American/history ; Black or African American/psychology ; Disclosure ; Emotions ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Trauma/ethnology ; Sexual Trauma/history ; Sexual Trauma/psychology ; United States ; Medical History Taking/methods ; Health Surveys/history ; Health Surveys/methods ; Racism/ethnology ; Racism/history ; Racism/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Biography ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209464-2
ISSN	1935-990X ; 0003-066X
ISSN (online)	1935-990X
ISSN	0003-066X
DOI	10.1037/amp0001132
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Article: Antibacterial Drug Residues in Small Ruminant Edible Tissues and Milk: A Literature Review of Commonly Used Medications in Small Ruminants.

Richards, Emily D / Martin, Krysta L / Donnell, Catherine E / Clapham, Maaike O / Tell, Lisa A

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2022 Volume 12, Issue 19

Abstract: This review provides a summary of extracted data from the published literature that contains drug residue depletion data for edible tissues and milk following treatment of sheep and goats. Out of 20,234 records obtained during the initial search, data ... ...

Abstract	This review provides a summary of extracted data from the published literature that contains drug residue depletion data for edible tissues and milk following treatment of sheep and goats. Out of 20,234 records obtained during the initial search, data from 177 records were included in this review. The data is separated by antibiotic class for ease of comparison between studies. Extracted data includes the active ingredient, dosing information, animal health status, analytical method and limits of detection, tolerance and maximum residue limit information, and time frames relative to residue absence or detection. This information is useful for understanding drug residue depletion profiles following extra-label use and for estimating withdrawal intervals, in order to protect the human food chain.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12192607
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Article ; Online: The Africa Temporal Scalp Flap: A Novel Flap for Facial Reconstruction.

Venter, Tertius Hj / Parker, Gary R / Rogers, Alan D / Clapham, Laura E / Mende, Konrad

Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association

2022 Volume 44, Issue 3, Page(s) 618–623

Abstract: Although a number of flaps exist for nasal reconstruction, severe scarring of the forehead after burn injury led to the development of a novel two-stage flap based on the superficial temporal artery. The Africa Temporal Scalp (ATS) flap is composed of an ...

Abstract	Although a number of flaps exist for nasal reconstruction, severe scarring of the forehead after burn injury led to the development of a novel two-stage flap based on the superficial temporal artery. The Africa Temporal Scalp (ATS) flap is composed of an axial ascending part on the superficial temporal artery, and a descending anterior extension for reconstruction of the midface. This is a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent ATS flap surgery on the MV Africa Mercy. During the 7.5-year period, the ATS flap was applied to 45 facial reconstructions, with a median age of 28 years (range 19 months to 51 years). The main indications were previous burn injury (n = 27, 60%) and noma (n = 15, 33.3%). The majority of the flaps were used to reconstruct the lower third of the nose (n = 39, 86.7%), and the remaining six were for the lips or cheek. Experience allowed for earlier division than 3 weeks depending on the length of the flap, and the recipient site. There was one partial flap loss, one infection requiring revision, and two injuries to frontal branch of the facial nerve. The ATS flap is a novel two-stage flap that has proved especially versatile when forehead flaps are unavailable for nasal reconstruction due to extensive forehead scarring. The ATS flap reliably provides ample supple skin, and the donor site is effectively obscured from view, located in the periphery of the face.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Infant ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Scalp/surgery ; Cicatrix/etiology ; Cicatrix/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Burns/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2224246-6
ISSN	1559-0488 ; 1559-047X
ISSN (online)	1559-0488
ISSN	1559-047X
DOI	10.1093/jbcr/irac110
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Zs.A 6223: Show issues

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Article: Comparison of florfenicol depletion in dairy goat milk using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and a commercial on-farm test.

Richards, Emily D / Pereira, Richard V / Davis, Jennifer L / Rowe, Joan D / Clapham, Maaike O / Wetzlich, Scott E / Rupchis, Benjamin A / Tell, Lisa A

Frontiers in veterinary science

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 991772

Abstract: Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly prescribed in an extra-label manner for treating meat and dairy goats. Scientific data in support of a milk withdrawal interval recommendation is limited to plasma pharmacokinetic data and minimal milk ... ...

Abstract	Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly prescribed in an extra-label manner for treating meat and dairy goats. Scientific data in support of a milk withdrawal interval recommendation is limited to plasma pharmacokinetic data and minimal milk residue data that is limited to cattle. Therefore, a rapid residue detection test (RRDT) could be a useful resource to determine if milk samples are free of drug residues and acceptable for sale. This study compared a commercially available RRDT (Charm
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2022.991772
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Article ; Online: Residue depletion profiles and withdrawal interval estimations of meloxicam in eggs and ovarian follicles following intravenous (Meloxicam solution for injection) and oral (Meloxidyl®) administration in domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus).

Yuan, Long / Lin, Zhoumeng / Dutch, Rachel S / Richards, Emily D / Clapham, Maaike O / Burmas, Nathaniel / Wetzlich, Scott E / Tell, Lisa A

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

2022 Volume 132, Page(s) 105170

Abstract: Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly prescribed in an extralabel manner for treating chickens in urbanized settings. The objectives of this study were to determine meloxicam depletion profiles in eggs and ovarian follicles ...

Abstract	Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly prescribed in an extralabel manner for treating chickens in urbanized settings. The objectives of this study were to determine meloxicam depletion profiles in eggs and ovarian follicles and to estimate associated withdrawal intervals (WDI) in laying hens following a single intravenous or repeated oral administration. The observed peak concentration of meloxicam in ovarian follicles were consistently higher than in egg yolk and egg white samples. Terminal half-lives were 31-h, 113-h and 12-h in ovarian follicles, egg yolk and egg white samples, respectively, for repeated oral administrations at 1 mg/kg for 20 doses at 12-h intervals. The terminal half-life following a single intravenous administration at 1 mg/kg was 50-h for ovarian follicles. Meloxicam WDI estimations using ovarian follicle and egg yolk concentration data following 20 doses at 12-h intervals were 36 and 12 days, respectively. Meloxicam WDI estimation using egg yolk concentration data following 8 doses at 24-h intervals was 12 days. These results improve our understanding on the residue depletion of meloxicam from chickens' reproductive tracts and egg products and provide WDIs to help ensure food safety for humans consuming eggs from treated laying hens.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intravenous ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Chickens ; Drug Residues/analysis ; Egg Yolk ; Eggs/analysis ; Female ; Meloxicam/analysis ; Ovarian Follicle
Chemical Substances	Meloxicam (VG2QF83CGL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604672-1
ISSN	1096-0295 ; 0273-2300
ISSN (online)	1096-0295
ISSN	0273-2300
DOI	10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105170
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Article: Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Estimating Extra-Label Tissue Withdrawal Intervals Using Three Approaches and Various Matrices for Domestic Laying Chickens Following Meloxicam Administration.

Richards, Emily D / Dutch, Rachel S / Burmas, Nathaniel C / Davis, Jennifer L / Lin, Zhoumeng / Clapham, Maaike O / Wetzlich, Scott E / Tell, Lisa A

Frontiers in veterinary science

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 826367

Abstract: Meloxicam is commonly prescribed for treating chickens in backyard or small commercial operations despite a paucity of scientific data establishing tissue withdrawal interval recommendations following extra-label drug use (ELDU). Historically, ELDU ... ...

Abstract	Meloxicam is commonly prescribed for treating chickens in backyard or small commercial operations despite a paucity of scientific data establishing tissue withdrawal interval recommendations following extra-label drug use (ELDU). Historically, ELDU withdrawal intervals (WDIs) following meloxicam administration to chickens have been based on the time when meloxicam concentrations fall below detectable concentrations in plasma and egg samples. To date, no studies have addressed tissue residues. ELDU WDIs are commonly calculated using terminal elimination half-lives derived from pharmacokinetic studies. This study estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for laying hens following meloxicam administration and compared ELDU WDIs calculated using tissue terminal elimination half-lives vs. those calculated using FDA tolerance and EMA's maximum regulatory limit statistical methods, respectively. In addition, ELDU WDIs were calculated using plasma meloxicam concentrations from live birds to determine if plasma data could be used as a proxy for estimating tissue WDIs. Healthy domestic hens were administered meloxicam at 1 mg/kg intravenous (IV) once, 1 mg/kg orally (PO) once daily for eight doses or 1 mg/kg PO twice daily for 20 doses. Analytical method validation was performed and meloxicam concentrations were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. In general, the terminal elimination technique resulted in the longest ELDU WDIs, followed by the FDA tolerance and then EMA's maximum residue limit methods. The longest ELDU WDIs were 72, 96, and 384 (or 120 excluding fat) h for the IV, PO once daily for eight doses, and PO twice daily for 20 doses, respectively. Plasma data are a possible dataset for estimating a baseline for tissue ELDU WDI estimations when tissue data are not available for chickens treated with meloxicam. Finally, pharmacokinetic parameters were similar in laying hens to those published for other avian species.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2022.826367
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Article: How predictable are mass extinction events?

Foster, William J / Allen, Bethany J / Kitzmann, Niklas H / Münchmeyer, Jannes / Rettelbach, Tabea / Witts, James D / Whittle, Rowan J / Larina, Ekaterina / Clapham, Matthew E / Dunhill, Alexander M

Royal Society open science

2023 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 221507

Abstract: Many modern extinction drivers are shared with past mass extinction events, such as rapid climate warming, habitat loss, pollution and invasive species. This commonality presents a key question: can the extinction risk of species during past mass ... ...

Abstract	Many modern extinction drivers are shared with past mass extinction events, such as rapid climate warming, habitat loss, pollution and invasive species. This commonality presents a key question: can the extinction risk of species during past mass extinction events inform our predictions for a modern biodiversity crisis? To investigate if it is possible to establish which species were more likely to go extinct during mass extinctions, we applied a functional trait-based model of extinction risk using a machine learning algorithm to datasets of marine fossils for the end-Permian, end-Triassic and end-Cretaceous mass extinctions. Extinction selectivity was inferred across each individual mass extinction event, before testing whether the selectivity patterns obtained could be used to 'predict' the extinction selectivity exhibited during the other mass extinctions. Our analyses show that, despite some similarities in extinction selectivity patterns between ancient crises, the selectivity of mass extinction events is inconsistent, which leads to a poor predictive performance. This lack of predictability is attributed to evolution in marine ecosystems, particularly during the Mesozoic Marine Revolution, associated with shifts in community structure alongside coincident Earth system changes. Our results suggest that past extinctions are unlikely to be informative for predicting extinction risk during a projected mass extinction.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.221507
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Article ; Online: Physical Examination Tool for Swollen and Tender Lower Limb Joints in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Pilot Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Fellas, Antoni / Singh-Grewal, Davinder / Chaitow, Jeffrey / Warner, Denise / Onikul, Ella / Santos, Derek / Clapham, Matthew / Coda, Andrea

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 8

Abstract: Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children, with lower limb involvement highly prevalent. Recent evidence has highlighted the lack of specific lower limb physical examination (PE) tools for ... ...

Abstract	Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children, with lower limb involvement highly prevalent. Recent evidence has highlighted the lack of specific lower limb physical examination (PE) tools for clinicians assisting the paediatric rheumatology team in identifying lower extremity disease in patients with JIA. Early clinical detection may lead to more prompt and targeted interventions to reduce lower limb problems in children with JIA. The aim of this pilot study is to provide preliminary data on the diagnostic accuracy of a lower limb PE tool in JIA. Methods: Children with JIA requiring magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on their lower limb joints per their usual care were eligible. Lower limb joint counts were conducted clinically by a podiatrist and paediatric rheumatologist using the proposed twenty joint per side, PE tool. The PE were compared to MRI assessments completed by two independent paediatric radiologists. Data were analysed using agreement (observed, positive and negative) and Cohen's kappa with 95% CIs. Results: Fifteen participants were recruited into the study in which 600 lower limb joints were clinically examined. Statistical analysis showed excellent inter-rater reliability between podiatrist and paediatric rheumatologist for both joint swelling and tenderness. Results of the intra-rater reliability of the podiatrist using the PE tool indicated excellent percentage agreements (98.5-100%) and substantial kappa coefficients (0.93-1). The inter-rater reliability between radiological assessments contrasted the PE results, showing low agreement and poor reliability. Comparisons between PE and MRI resulted in poor kappa coefficients and low agreement percentages. The most agreeable joint between MRI and PE was the ankle joint, while the worst performing joint was the sub-talar joint. Conclusion: Results indicate potential clinical reliability; however, the validity and diagnostic accuracy of the proposed PE tool remains unclear due to low kappa coefficients and inconsistent agreements between PE and MRI results. Further research will be required before the tool may be used in a clinical setting.
MeSH term(s)	Ankle Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis, Juvenile/diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Humans ; Lower Extremity/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Physical Examination ; Pilot Projects ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19084517
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Article ; Online: Visualizing synaptic dopamine efflux with a 2D composite nanofilm.

Bulumulla, Chandima / Krasley, Andrew T / Cristofori-Armstrong, Ben / Valinsky, William C / Walpita, Deepika / Ackerman, David / Clapham, David E / Beyene, Abraham G

eLife

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Chemical neurotransmission constitutes one of the fundamental modalities of communication between neurons. Monitoring release of these chemicals has traditionally been difficult to carry out at spatial and temporal scales relevant to neuron function. To ... ...

Abstract	Chemical neurotransmission constitutes one of the fundamental modalities of communication between neurons. Monitoring release of these chemicals has traditionally been difficult to carry out at spatial and temporal scales relevant to neuron function. To understand chemical neurotransmission more fully, we need to improve the spatial and temporal resolutions of measurements for neurotransmitter release. To address this, we engineered a chemi-sensitive, two-dimensional composite nanofilm that facilitates visualization of the release and diffusion of the neurochemical dopamine with synaptic resolution, quantal sensitivity, and simultaneously from hundreds of release sites. Using this technology, we were able to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of dopamine release in dendritic processes, a poorly understood phenomenon. We found that dopamine release is broadcast from a subset of dendritic processes as hotspots that have a mean spatial spread of ≈ 3.2 µm (full width at half maximum [FWHM]) and are observed with a mean spatial frequency of one hotspot per ≈ 7.5 µm of dendritic length. Major dendrites of dopamine neurons and fine dendritic processes, as well as dendritic arbors and dendrites with no apparent varicose morphology participated in dopamine release. Remarkably, these release hotspots co-localized with Bassoon, suggesting that Bassoon may contribute to organizing active zones in dendrites, similar to its role in axon terminals.
MeSH term(s)	Dopamine ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; Presynaptic Terminals ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology
Chemical Substances	Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.78773
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