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  1. Book ; Online: Growing Up With Tanzania. Memories, Musings and Maths

    Hirji, Karim F

    2014  

    Abstract: In Growing up with Tanzania. Karim Hirji, a renowned Professor of Medical Statistics and Fellow ...

    Abstract In Growing up with Tanzania. Karim Hirji, a renowned Professor of Medical Statistics and Fellow of the Tanzania Academy of Science, presents a multi-faceted, evocative portrait of his joyous but conflicted passage to adulthood during colonial and early-Uhuru Tanzania. His smooth style engages the reader with absorbing true tales, cultural currents, critical commentary and progressive possibilities. By vibrantly contrasting the hope-filled sixties with the cynical modern era, he also lays bare the paradoxes of personal life and society, past and present
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource (302 p)
    Publisher Mkuki na Nyota Publishers
    Publishing place Oxford
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note Description based upon print version of record
    ISBN 9789987082230 ; 9987082238
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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  2. Article ; Online: No short-cut in assessing trial quality: a case study.

    Hirji, Karim F

    Trials

    2009  Volume 10, Page(s) 1

    Abstract: Background: Assessing the quality of included trials is a central part of a systematic review. Many check-list type of instruments for doing this exist. Using a trial of antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media, Burke et al., BMJ, 1991, as the case ... ...

    Abstract Background: Assessing the quality of included trials is a central part of a systematic review. Many check-list type of instruments for doing this exist. Using a trial of antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media, Burke et al., BMJ, 1991, as the case study, this paper illustrates some limitations of the check-list approach to trial quality assessment.
    Results: The general verdict from the check list type evaluations in nine relevant systematic reviews was that Burke et al. (1991) is a good quality trial. All relevant meta-analyses extensively used its data to formulate therapeutic evidence. My comprehensive evaluation, on the other hand, brought to the surface a series of serious problems in the design, conduct, analysis and report of this trial that were missed by the earlier evaluations.
    Conclusion: A check-list or instrument based approach, if used as a short-cut, may at times rate deeply flawed trials as good quality trials. Check lists are crucial but they need to be augmented with an in-depth review, and where possible, a scrutiny of the protocol, trial records, and original data. The extent and severity of the problems I uncovered for this particular trial warrant an independent audit before it is included in a systematic review.
    MeSH term(s) Access to Information ; Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Amoxicillin/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/standards ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Internet ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Otitis Media/drug therapy ; Peer Review, Research ; Periodicals as Topic ; Publication Bias ; Quality Control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design/standards ; Scientific Misconduct ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Amoxicillin (804826J2HU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2040523-6
    ISSN 1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
    ISSN (online) 1745-6215
    ISSN 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
    DOI 10.1186/1745-6215-10-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book: Cheche

    Hirji, Karim F

    reminiscences of a radical magazine

    2010  

    Institution Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam
    Author's details Karim F. Hirji (ed.)
    Keywords Student newspapers and periodicals ; Students/Political activity ; Tanzania
    Language English
    Size XI, 231 S.
    Publisher Mkuki na Nyota
    Publishing place Dar-es-Salaam
    Document type Book
    ISBN 9789987080984 ; 9987080987
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  4. Article ; Online: Calculating unreported confidence intervals for paired data.

    Hirji, Karim F / Fagerland, Morten W

    BMC medical research methodology

    2011  Volume 11, Page(s) 66

    Abstract: Background: Confidence intervals (or associated standard errors) facilitate assessment of the practical importance of the findings of a health study, and their incorporation into a meta-analysis. For paired design studies, these items are often not ... ...

    Abstract Background: Confidence intervals (or associated standard errors) facilitate assessment of the practical importance of the findings of a health study, and their incorporation into a meta-analysis. For paired design studies, these items are often not reported. Since the descriptive statistics for such studies are usually presented in the same way as for unpaired designs, direct computation of the standard error is not possible without additional information.
    Methods: Elementary, well-known relationships between standard errors and p-values were used to develop computation schemes for paired mean difference, risk difference, risk ratio and odds ratio.
    Results: Unreported confidence intervals for large sample paired binary and numeric data can be computed fairly accurately using simple methods provided the p-value is given. In the case of paired binary data, the design based 2 × 2 table can be reconstructed as well.
    Conclusions: Our results will facilitate appropriate interpretation of paired design studies, and their incorporation into meta-analyses.
    MeSH term(s) Confidence Intervals ; Critical Care ; Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Cross Infection/mortality ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Models, Theoretical ; Mycoses/epidemiology ; Mycoses/mortality ; Odds Ratio ; Research Design ; Risk
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-05-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1471-2288
    ISSN (online) 1471-2288
    DOI 10.1186/1471-2288-11-66
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: No short-cut in assessing trial quality

    Hirji Karim F

    Trials, Vol 10, Iss 1, p

    a case study

    2009  Volume 1

    Abstract: Abstract Background Assessing the quality of included trials is a central part of a systematic review. Many check-list type of instruments for doing this exist. Using a trial of antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media, Burke et al., BMJ , 1991, as ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Assessing the quality of included trials is a central part of a systematic review. Many check-list type of instruments for doing this exist. Using a trial of antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media, Burke et al., BMJ , 1991, as the case study, this paper illustrates some limitations of the check-list approach to trial quality assessment. Results The general verdict from the check list type evaluations in nine relevant systematic reviews was that Burke et al. (1991) is a good quality trial. All relevant meta-analyses extensively used its data to formulate therapeutic evidence. My comprehensive evaluation, on the other hand, brought to the surface a series of serious problems in the design, conduct, analysis and report of this trial that were missed by the earlier evaluations. Conclusion A check-list or instrument based approach, if used as a short-cut, may at times rate deeply flawed trials as good quality trials. Check lists are crucial but they need to be augmented with an in-depth review, and where possible, a scrutiny of the protocol, trial records, and original data. The extent and severity of the problems I uncovered for this particular trial warrant an independent audit before it is included in a systematic review.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  6. Article ; Online: Pre-referral rectal artesunate in severe malaria: flawed trial.

    Hirji, Karim F / Premji, Zulfiqarali G

    Trials

    2011  Volume 12, Page(s) 188

    Abstract: Background: Immediate injectable treatment is essential for severe malaria. Otherwise, the afflicted risk lifelong impairment or death. In rural areas of Africa and Asia, appropriate care is often miles away. In 2009, Melba Gomes and her colleagues ... ...

    Abstract Background: Immediate injectable treatment is essential for severe malaria. Otherwise, the afflicted risk lifelong impairment or death. In rural areas of Africa and Asia, appropriate care is often miles away. In 2009, Melba Gomes and her colleagues published the findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of rectal artesunate for suspected severe malaria in such remote areas. Enrolling nearly 18,000 cases, the aim was to evaluate whether, as patients were in transit to a health facility, a pre-referral artesunate suppository blocked disease progression sufficiently to reduce these risks. The affirmative findings of this, the only trial on the issue thus far, have led the WHO to endorse rectal artesunate as a pre-referral treatment for severe malaria. In the light of its public health importance and because its scientific quality has not been assessed for a systematic review, our paper provides a detailed evaluation of the design, conduct, analysis, reporting, and practical features of this trial.
    Results: We performed a checklist-based and an in-depth evaluation of the trial. The evaluation criteria were based on the CONSORT statement for reporting clinical trials, the clinical trial methodology literature, and practice in malaria research. Our main findings are: The inclusion and exclusion criteria and the sample size justification are not stated. Many clearly ineligible subjects were enrolled. The training of the recruiters does not appear to have been satisfactory. There was excessive between center heterogeneity in design and conduct. Outcome evaluation schedule was not defined, and in practice, became too wide. Large gaps in the collection of key data were evident. Primary endpoints were inconsistently utilized and reported; an overall analysis of the outcomes was not done; analyses of time to event data had major flaws; the stated intent-to-treat analysis excluded a third of the randomized subjects; the design-indicated stratified or multi-variate analysis was not done; many improper subgroups were analyzed in a post-hoc fashion; the analysis and reporting metric was deficient. There are concerns relating to patient welfare at some centers. Exclusion of many cases from data analysis compromised external validity. A bias-controlled reanalysis of available data does not lend support to the conclusions drawn by the authors.
    Conclusions: This trial has numerous serious deficiencies in design, implementation, and methods of data analysis. Interpretation and manner of reporting are wanting, and the applicability of the findings is unclear. The trial conduct could have been improved to better protect patient welfare. The totality of these problems make it a flawed study whose conclusions remain subject to appreciable doubt.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Rectal ; Africa ; Antimalarials/administration & dosage ; Artemisinins/administration & dosage ; Artesunate ; Bangladesh ; Bias ; Checklist ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Intention to Treat Analysis ; Malaria/diagnosis ; Malaria/drug therapy ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Patient Selection ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods ; Referral and Consultation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; Sample Size ; Severity of Illness Index ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; World Health Organization
    Chemical Substances Antimalarials ; Artemisinins ; Artesunate (60W3249T9M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-08-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2040523-6
    ISSN 1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
    ISSN (online) 1745-6215
    ISSN 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
    DOI 10.1186/1745-6215-12-188
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book: Exact analysis of discrete data

    Hirji, Karim F

    2006  

    Author's details Karim F. Hirji
    Keywords Diskrete Gruppe ; Datenanalyse ; Computermathematik
    Language English
    Size XXIV, 521 S., graph. Darst., 27 cm
    Publisher Chapman & Hall/CRC
    Publishing place Boca Raton, Fla. u.a.
    Document type Book
    Note Literaturverz. S. 485 - 513
    ISBN 1584880708 ; 9781584880707
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  8. Book: Exact analysis of discrete data

    Hirji, Karim F

    2006  

    Author's details Karim F. Hirji
    Keywords Diskrete Gruppe ; Datenanalyse ; Computermathematik
    Language English
    Size XXIV, 521 S., graph. Darst., 27 cm
    Publisher Chapman & Hall/CRC
    Publishing place Boca Raton, Fla. u.a.
    Document type Book
    Note Literaturverz. S. 485 - 513
    ISBN 1584880708 ; 9781584880707
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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  9. Article ; Online: Outcome based subgroup analysis: a neglected concern.

    Hirji, Karim F / Fagerland, Morten W

    Trials

    2009  Volume 10, Page(s) 33

    Abstract: Background: A subgroup of clinical trial subjects identified by baseline characteristics is a proper subgroup while a subgroup determined by post randomization events or measures is an improper subgroup. Both types of subgroups are often analyzed in ... ...

    Abstract Background: A subgroup of clinical trial subjects identified by baseline characteristics is a proper subgroup while a subgroup determined by post randomization events or measures is an improper subgroup. Both types of subgroups are often analyzed in clinical trial papers. Yet, the extensive scrutiny of subgroup analyses has almost exclusively attended to the former. The analysis of improper subgroups thereby not only flourishes in numerous disguised ways but also does so without a corresponding awareness of its pitfalls. Comparisons of the grade of angina in a heart disease trial, for example, usually include only the survivors. This paper highlights some of the distinct ways in which outcome based subgroup analysis occurs, describes the hazards associated with it, and proposes a simple alternative approach to counter its analytic bias.
    Results: Data from six published trials show that outcome based subgroup analysis, like proper subgroup analysis, may be performed in a post-hoc fashion, overdone, selectively reported, and over interpreted. Six hypothetical trial scenarios illustrate the forms of hidden bias related to it. That bias can, however, be addressed by assigning clinically appropriate scores to the usually excluded subjects and performing an analysis that includes all the randomized subjects.
    Conclusion: A greater level of awareness about the practice and pitfalls of outcome based subgroup analysis is needed. When required, such an analysis should maintain the integrity of randomization. This issue needs greater practical and methodologic attention than has been accorded to it thus far.
    MeSH term(s) Bias ; Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-05-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2040523-6
    ISSN 1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1468-6708
    ISSN (online) 1745-6215 ; 1468-6694
    ISSN 1468-6708
    DOI 10.1186/1745-6215-10-33
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Book ; Online: Exact analysis of discrete data

    Hirji, Karim F

    2006  

    Abstract: This book introduces the statistical theory, analysis methods, and computation techniques for exact analysis of discrete data. After reviewing the relevant discrete distributions, exact methods are developed from the ground up. While most of the book ... ...

    Institution ebrary, Inc
    Author's details Karim F. Hirji
    Abstract This book introduces the statistical theory, analysis methods, and computation techniques for exact analysis of discrete data. After reviewing the relevant discrete distributions, exact methods are developed from the ground up. While most of the book focuses on statistical theory and applications, there are three chapters dealing exclusively with c
    Keywords Computer science/Mathematics ; Discrete groups
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource (xxiv, 521 p), ill, 27 cm
    Publisher Chapman & Hall/CRC
    Publishing place Boca Raton
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note Includes bibliographical references (p. 485-513) and index
    ISBN 1584880708 ; 9781584880707
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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