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Article: Licorice (

Abraham, Joji / Florentine, Singarayer

2021 Volume 10, Issue 12

Abstract: Even though vaccination has started against COVID-19, people should continue maintaining personal and social caution as it takes months or years to get everyone vaccinated, and we are not sure how long the vaccine remains efficacious. In order to ... ...

Abstract	Even though vaccination has started against COVID-19, people should continue maintaining personal and social caution as it takes months or years to get everyone vaccinated, and we are not sure how long the vaccine remains efficacious. In order to contribute to the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms, the pharmaceutical industry aims to develop antiviral drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication and produce anti-inflammatory medications that will inhibit the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is the primary cause of mortality among the COVID-19 patients. In reference to these tasks, this article considers the properties of a medicinal plant named licorice (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants10122600
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Extracts-Suitable Pharmacological Interventions for COVID-19? A Review

Abraham, Joji / Florentine, Singarayer

Plants. 2021 Nov. 26, v. 10, no. 12

2021

Abstract	Even though vaccination has started against COVID-19, people should continue maintaining personal and social caution as it takes months or years to get everyone vaccinated, and we are not sure how long the vaccine remains efficacious. In order to contribute to the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms, the pharmaceutical industry aims to develop antiviral drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication and produce anti-inflammatory medications that will inhibit the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is the primary cause of mortality among the COVID-19 patients. In reference to these tasks, this article considers the properties of a medicinal plant named licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), whose phytochemicals have shown both antiviral and anti-inflammatory tendencies through previous studies. All the literature was selected through extensive search in various databases such as google scholar, Scopus, the Web of Science, and PubMed. In addition to the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, one of the licorice components has an autophagy-enhancing mechanism that studies have suggested to be necessary for COVID-19 treatment. Based on reviewing relevant professional and historical literature regarding the medicinal properties of licorice, it is suggested that it may be worthwhile to conduct in vitro and in vivo studies, including clinical trials with glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids together with other flavonoids found in licorice, as there is the potentiality to provide natural interventions against COVID-19 symptoms.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Glycyrrhiza glabra ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; flavonoids ; licorice ; medicinal plants ; mortality ; pharmaceutical industry ; vaccination ; vaccines
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1126
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants10122600
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Can Copper Products and Surfaces Reduce the Spread of Infectious Microorganisms and Hospital-Acquired Infections?

Abraham, Joji / Dowling, Kim / Florentine, Singarayer

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 14, Issue 13

Abstract: Pathogen transfer and infection in the built environment are globally significant events, leading to the spread of disease and an increase in subsequent morbidity and mortality rates. There are numerous strategies followed in healthcare facilities to ... ...

Abstract	Pathogen transfer and infection in the built environment are globally significant events, leading to the spread of disease and an increase in subsequent morbidity and mortality rates. There are numerous strategies followed in healthcare facilities to minimize pathogen transfer, but complete infection control has not, as yet, been achieved. However, based on traditional use in many cultures, the introduction of copper products and surfaces to significantly and positively retard pathogen transmission invites further investigation. For example, many microbes are rendered unviable upon contact exposure to copper or copper alloys, either immediately or within a short time. In addition, many disease-causing bacteria such as
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma14133444
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Article ; Online: Does Climate Play Any Role in COVID-19 Spreading?-An Australian Perspective.

Abraham, Joji / Turville, Christopher / Dowling, Kim / Florentine, Singarayer

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 17

Abstract: Compared to other countries, the COVID-19 pandemic did not severely affect Australia as measured by total deaths until mid-2021. Though a substantial number of daily confirmed cases (up to 698) were reported during the second wave, most of them were from ...

Abstract	Compared to other countries, the COVID-19 pandemic did not severely affect Australia as measured by total deaths until mid-2021. Though a substantial number of daily confirmed cases (up to 698) were reported during the second wave, most of them were from the southern state of Victoria. This study examined the possible correlations between climate variables and the number of daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in Victoria, Australia, from 25 January to 31 October 2020. Appropriate regression models and cross-correlation diagnostics were used to examine the effect of temperature, rainfall, solar exposure, and ultraviolet index (UVI) with the number of daily confirmed cases. Significant positive associations were identified for solar exposure and maximum and average UVI for confirmed cases one and 19 days later. Negative associations for these variables were found for confirmed cases five days later. Minimum temperature had a significant negative correlation one day later and a positive effect 21 days later. No significant correlation was found for maximum temperature and rainfall. The most significant relationships were found for confirmed cases 19 days after changes in the meteorological variables. A 1% increase in solar exposure, maximum UVI, and average UVI was associated with a 0.31% (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.51), 0.71% (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.98), and 0.63% (95%CI: 0.20 to 1.61) increase 19 days later in the number of confirmed cases, respectively. The implications of these results can be used in the public health management of any possible future events in Australia. It also highlights the significance of considering the climatic variables and seasonality in all kinds of epidemics and pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Victoria/epidemiology ; Weather
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18179086
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Article ; Online: Can Optimum Solar Radiation Exposure or Supplemented Vitamin D Intake Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms?

Abraham, Joji / Dowling, Kim / Florentine, Singarayer

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 2

Abstract: The foremost mortality-causing symptom associated with COVID-19 is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A significant correlation has been identified between the deficiency in vitamin D and the risk of developing ARDS. It has been suggested that ... ...

Abstract	The foremost mortality-causing symptom associated with COVID-19 is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A significant correlation has been identified between the deficiency in vitamin D and the risk of developing ARDS. It has been suggested that if we can reduce or modify ARDS in COVID-19 patients, we may significantly reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and associated mortality rates. The increased mortality of dark-skinned people, who have a reduced UV absorption capacity, may be consistent with diminished vitamin D status. The factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, such as old age, ethnicity, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, are all found to be linked with vitamin D deficiency. Based on this review and as a precautionary measure, it is suggested that the adoption of appropriate and safe solar exposure and vitamin D enriched foods and supplements should be considered to reduce the possible severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Safe sun exposure is deemed beneficial globally, specifically in low and middle-income countries, as there is no cost involved. It is also noted that improved solar exposure and vitamin D levels can reduce the impact of other diseases as well, thus assisting in maintaining general human well-being.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/therapy ; Humans ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/prevention & control ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy ; Sunlight ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology ; Vitamin D Deficiency/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18020740
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Can Optimum Solar Radiation Exposure or Supplemented Vitamin D Intake Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms?

Joji Abraham / Kim Dowling / Singarayer Florentine

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 740, p

2021 Volume 740

Abstract	The foremost mortality-causing symptom associated with COVID-19 is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A significant correlation has been identified between the deficiency in vitamin D and the risk of developing ARDS. It has been suggested that if we can reduce or modify ARDS in COVID-19 patients, we may significantly reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and associated mortality rates. The increased mortality of dark-skinned people, who have a reduced UV absorption capacity, may be consistent with diminished vitamin D status. The factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, such as old age, ethnicity, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, are all found to be linked with vitamin D deficiency. Based on this review and as a precautionary measure, it is suggested that the adoption of appropriate and safe solar exposure and vitamin D enriched foods and supplements should be considered to reduce the possible severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Safe sun exposure is deemed beneficial globally, specifically in low and middle-income countries, as there is no cost involved. It is also noted that improved solar exposure and vitamin D levels can reduce the impact of other diseases as well, thus assisting in maintaining general human well-being.
Keywords	acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ; acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) ; calcifediol ; calcitriol ; coronavirus ; environment ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Does Climate Play Any Role in COVID-19 Spreading?—An Australian Perspective

Joji Abraham / Christopher Turville / Kim Dowling / Singarayer Florentine

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 9086, p

2021 Volume 9086

Abstract	Compared to other countries, the COVID-19 pandemic did not severely affect Australia as measured by total deaths until mid-2021. Though a substantial number of daily confirmed cases (up to 698) were reported during the second wave, most of them were from the southern state of Victoria. This study examined the possible correlations between climate variables and the number of daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in Victoria, Australia, from 25 January to 31 October 2020. Appropriate regression models and cross-correlation diagnostics were used to examine the effect of temperature, rainfall, solar exposure, and ultraviolet index (UVI) with the number of daily confirmed cases. Significant positive associations were identified for solar exposure and maximum and average UVI for confirmed cases one and 19 days later. Negative associations for these variables were found for confirmed cases five days later. Minimum temperature had a significant negative correlation one day later and a positive effect 21 days later. No significant correlation was found for maximum temperature and rainfall. The most significant relationships were found for confirmed cases 19 days after changes in the meteorological variables. A 1% increase in solar exposure, maximum UVI, and average UVI was associated with a 0.31% (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.51), 0.71% (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.98), and 0.63% (95%CI: 0.20 to 1.61) increase 19 days later in the number of confirmed cases, respectively. The implications of these results can be used in the public health management of any possible future events in Australia. It also highlights the significance of considering the climatic variables and seasonality in all kinds of epidemics and pandemics.
Keywords	coronavirus disease ; climate and COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; solar radiation and COVID-19 ; ultraviolet index ; weather factors and COVID-19 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Ten-year incidence and impact of coronavirus infections on incidence, etiology, and antimicrobial resistance of healthcare-associated infections in a critical care unit in Western Qatar.

Garcell, Humberto Guanche / Al-Ajmi, Jameela / Arias, Ariadna Villanueva / Abraham, Joji C / Garmendia, Angel M Felipe / Hernandez, Tania M Fernandez

Qatar medical journal

2023 Volume 2023, Issue 1, Page(s) 11

Abstract: Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in critical patients affect the quality and safety of patient care as they impact morbidity and mortality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the incidence rate was reported worldwide. We aim ... ...

Abstract	Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in critical patients affect the quality and safety of patient care as they impact morbidity and mortality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the incidence rate was reported worldwide. We aim to describe the incidence of HAI in the intensive care unit (ICU) during a 10-year follow-up period and compare the incidence during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. Methods: A retrospective observational study of HAI in the medical-surgical ICU at The Cuban Hospital was conducted. The data collected include the annual incidence of HAI, its etiology, and antimicrobial resistance, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions, except for other respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Results: A total of 155 patients had HAI, of which 130 (85.5%) were identified during COVID-19. The frequency of device-associated infections (DAI) and non-DAI was higher during COVID-19, except for Conclusion: The incidence of DAI increased during the pandemic period as compared to the pre-pandemic period, and limited evidence of the impact on antimicrobial resistance was observed. The infection control program should evaluate strategies to minimize the impact of pandemics on HAI.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	Qatar
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3031075-1
ISSN	2227-0426 ; 0253-8253
ISSN (online)	2227-0426
ISSN	0253-8253
DOI	10.5339/qmj.2023.11
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Article: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection and urinary catheter utilization ratio over 9 years, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of infection in medical and surgical wards in a single facility in Western Qatar.

Garcell, Humberto Guanche / Al-Ajmi, Jameela / Arias, Ariadna Villanueva / Abraham, Joji C / Garmendia, Angel M Felipe / Hernandez, Tania M Fernandez

Qatar medical journal

2023 Volume 2023, Issue 1, Page(s) 14

Abstract: Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a frequently reported healthcare-associated infection in critical and non-critical patients. Limited data are available about CAUTI incidence in non-critical patients. We aim to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a frequently reported healthcare-associated infection in critical and non-critical patients. Limited data are available about CAUTI incidence in non-critical patients. We aim to describe the incidence of CAUTI over 9 years and evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the incidence in non-critical acute care patients. Methods: A retrospective observational study of CAUTI in medical-surgical and maternity wards was carried out at a public hospital in the west of the State of Qatar. Data collected included the annual CAUTI incidence (per 1,000 device days), urinary catheter utilization ratio (UC-UR), etiology, and antimicrobial resistance. Results: 115,238 patient days and 6,681 urinary catheters (UC) days were recorded over the study period, and 9 and 4 CAUTI were confirmed in medical-surgical and maternity wards, respectively. The infection rate was 1.9 per 1,000 UC days, and the UC-UR was 0.06. The CAUTI rate was higher in medical-surgical wards over the COVID-19 period (2.4 × 1,000 UC days) in comparison with the non-COVID-19 period (1.7 × 1,000 UC days) (RR 1.46; 1.12-1.80). However, in the maternity ward, the result was 0 and 2.5 × 1,000 UC days during these periods, respectively. No differences were observed in the infection rate among periods for all patients (RR 1.06; 0.81-1.31). Multidrug-resistant organisms were identified in 7 patients, and non-multidrug-resistant in 6 cases. Conclusion: The study findings describe a lower CAUTI risk over 9 years in non-critical acute care patients. The impact of COVID-19 on the CAUTI risk is mainly related to medical patients who had previously been admitted to critical care. The infection control program should consider these data as a benchmark for quality improvement.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	Qatar
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3031075-1
ISSN	2227-0426 ; 0253-8253
ISSN (online)	2227-0426
ISSN	0253-8253
DOI	10.5339/qmj.2023.14
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Article ; Online: Assessment of potentially toxic metal contamination in the soils of a legacy mine site in Central Victoria, Australia.

Abraham, Joji / Dowling, Kim / Florentine, Singarayer

Chemosphere

2018 Volume 192, Page(s) 122–132

Abstract: The environmental impact of toxic metal contamination from legacy mining activities, many of which had operated and were closed prior to the enforcement of robust environmental legislation, is of growing concern to modern society. We have carried out ... ...

Abstract	The environmental impact of toxic metal contamination from legacy mining activities, many of which had operated and were closed prior to the enforcement of robust environmental legislation, is of growing concern to modern society. We have carried out analysis of As and potentially toxic metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the surface soil of a legacy gold mining site in Maldon, Victoria, Australia, to reveal the status of the current metal concentration. The results revealed the median concentrations of metals from highest to lowest, in the order: Mn > Zn > As > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > Co > Hg > Cd. The status of site was assessed directly by comparing the metal concentrations in the study area with known Australian and Victorian average top soil levels and the health investigation levels set by the National Environmental Protection Measures (NEPM) and the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) of the State of Western Australia. Although, median concentrations of As, Hg, Pb, Cu and Zn exceeded the average Australian and Victorian top soil concentrations, only As and Hg exceeded the ecological investigation levels (EIL) set by DEC and thus these metals are considered as risk to the human and aquatic ecosystems health due to their increase in concentration and toxicity. In an environment of climate fluctuation with increased storm events and forest fires may mobilize these toxic metals contaminants, pose a real threat to the environment and the community.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.150
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